Learning content of graphic design

Designing a diversified knowledge structure will definitely require designers to have diversified knowledge and information acquisition methods.

The first step: from the understanding of points, lines and surfaces, learn and master the basic knowledge of plane composition, color composition, three-dimensional composition and perspective; We need to have objective visual experience, establish a rational thinking foundation, master the physiological laws of vision and understand the concept of design elements.

Step 2: Can you draw a sketch? According to the findings of the Australian Industrial Design Advisory Committee in 1998, the first of the 10 skills that design graduates should possess is: "Excellent sketching and freehand drawing skills, and designers should have the ability to express visual graphics quickly and freely. Painting art is the source of design, and design sketches are creative paper forms. We have reason to believe that painting is the basis of graphic design, and graphic design is the basis of design! "

Step 3: What did you miss? Lack of traditional courses, such as pottery, printmaking, watercolor, oil painting, photography, calligraphy, Chinese painting, black and white painting, etc. Too many, you still have to ask yourself! In any case, these courses will strengthen your practical ability, expressive ability and aesthetic ability at different levels. The most important thing is to let you know what art is, and more importantly, to discover your own personality, but it is also a long-term process.

Step 4: "Can I start designing"? Of course not. What are you going to design? Just when you are about to start playing games, do you know the rules of the game? But you don't have to worry, you have entered the professional self-study, which means that you have just started, and you will step into this field with perseverance, no impetuousness, no complaints and a pragmatic attitude.

Step 5: You can see the quality of the design. Do you know why? In the last step, you have unconsciously entered the imitation stage of design by learning the basic knowledge of design. In order to move forward, we must review the history, and then shift from learning theoretical books to learning predecessors and excellent designers. This stage is accompanied by a long process, and your design level may be very unstable. Sometimes confused, sometimes happy. With a lot of practice and gradually mastering the whole operation process of design, you begin to become a mature designer.

You need to learn the rules and then break them. Graphic design is to express the author's thoughts in the form of pictures. Different basic graphics can be combined into patterns on the plane according to certain rules. You can also create by hand. Mainly in two-dimensional space, the boundary between the map and the ground is divided into contours to describe the image. The sense of space shown by graphic design is not a real three-dimensional space, but an illusion space formed by the visual guidance of graphics.

school term

1. Harmony: In a narrow sense, harmonious graphic design is unity and contrast, and the two are not boring or chaotic. Broadly speaking, when judging the relationship between two or more elements or parts, the feelings and consciousness of each part are a whole coordinated relationship.

2. Contrast: also known as contrast, two elements with great qualitative or quantitative contrast are successfully arranged together, which makes people feel distinct and strong, has a sense of unity, makes the subject more distinct and works more active.

3. Symmetry: suppose a vertical line is set in the center of a graph, and the graph is divided into two equal parts, and the graphs of the left and right parts are completely equal. This is a symmetrical figure.

4. Balance: physically speaking, it refers to the weight relationship; In graphic design, it refers to the balance between distribution function and visual judgment according to the shape, size, weight, color and material of the image.

5. Proportion: refers to the quantitative relationship between parts or parts and the whole. Proportion is an important factor that constitutes the size of all units and the arrangement and combination of units in the design.

6. Center of gravity: The center of the picture is the center of vision. The change of the outline of the picture, the convergence and divergence of graphics, and the distribution of color or light and shade can all affect the visual center.

7. Sense of rhythm: sense of rhythm, with a sense of time, refers to the sense of movement generated when the same element is repeated in the composition design.

8. Rhythm: Simple unit combination and repetition tend to be monotonous in plane composition, and regularly changing images or color groups are arranged in a number ratio and equal proportion, thus generating a sense of melody of music and becoming rhythm.

element

1. Conceptual elements, the so-called conceptual elements, are those things that don't actually exist and can't be seen, but people's consciousness can feel them. For example, when we see a figure with sharp corners, we feel that there are some points on it and edge lines on the outline of the object. Conceptual elements include: point, line and surface.

2. Visual elements: conceptual elements will be meaningless if they are not reflected in the actual design. Conceptual elements are usually embodied by visual elements, which include the size, shape and color of graphics.

3. Relational elements: The organization and arrangement of visual elements on the screen are determined by relational elements. Including: direction, position, space, center of gravity, etc.

4. Practical elements: meaning, content, purpose and function of design. It is divided into three levels: introductory, advanced and practical.

Introductory knowledge

Students can master related design principles, Photoshop bitmap processing software, CorelDRAW vector graphics software and other drawing technologies in a short time; As well as the basic theory of graphic design, thinking mode, module training, project design research and other practical courses.

I. Basic theory

1. Introduction to graphic design: What is graphic design, its application scope and its constituent elements?

2. Basis of graphic design: perspective, composition, color basis and graphic composition.

3. Appreciation of artistic works: contemporary outstanding visual works, contemporary outstanding creative works and world outstanding artistic works.

Second, the basic knowledge of Photoshop

1, working interface and basic working principle: Photoshop basic working interface layout, preset working interface, DIY working interface, Photoshop software characteristics and working principle analysis.

2. Basic tools: selection tools, basic editing tools and view operation tools.

3. Application of layer type and layer style: what is a layer, its working principle, the use of layer panel, the conversion between layer type and layer, and the application of layer style.

4. Application of vector tools and path panels: What are vector graphics, vector layers and vector masks, application of pen tools, application of shape tools, application of paths and path panels?

5. Detailed explanation of editing menu and image menu: Photoshop editing menu, common editing commands, image menu, image color mode conversion and adjustment menu.

6. Channel principle and the use of channel panel: what is a channel, its working principle, the use of channel panel, and the application of alpha channel and spot color channel.

7. Working principle and application of filters: What is a filter, its working principle, its application, the combination of filter effects and the production of simple special effects?

Third, Photoshop operation examples

1, select matting training.

2, pen bedding training

3. Channel paving training

4. Vector icon

Step 5 make bookmarks

Step 6 make advertising posters

Step 7 make business cards

8. Illustration production

9. Font design

Fourth, CorelDRAW Foundation.

1, software introduction: the concept of vector diagram, the characteristics and application scope of vector diagram, the introduction and working principle of CorelDRAW.

2. Work interface and view operation: CorelDRAW work interface layout, work interface import and export, DIY work interface and CorelDRAW view operation.

3. Introduction to Toolbox

4. Basic shape tools: rectangle tools and ellipse tools, three-point rectangle and three-point ellipse, polygon and star tool sets, drawing tools and thread tools, and common shape tools.

5. Basic application of shape editing tools: use shape editing tools to edit basic shapes, curves, polygons and stars.

6. Features and editing operations of Bezier curve: features of Bezier curve, morphological expression of Bezier curve, shapes of points and line segments, combination and decomposition of curves.

7. Curve tools: the drawing and generation of curves and the application of curve tools in different occasions.

8. Graphic combination: the way of graphic combination and the effect after combination, simple graphic combination exercise and small sign copying exercise.

9. Graphic filling and contour: the filling attribute and contour attribute of the object, and the editing of the filling attribute and contour attribute.

10. Application of interactive tools: What are interactive tools, their characteristics, interactive tool sets and their applications?

1 1. Docking window: use of common docking windows, detailed description of docking window parameters, and application of specific docking windows.

Five, art basic training

1, sketch basis: what is sketch, painting materials and brushes, picture composition, the relationship between hue and sketch, the application of perspective, the application of point, line and surface in art, the training of body observation and generalization skills, and the formation of stereoscopic vision,

2. Sketch of figures (optional): definition of sketch, proportion of human body and five senses, human body structure, observation skills of figures, use of sketch midline, grasp of dynamic figures, and sketch training of figures.

Advanced courses

Training goal: to train graphic design professionals as the goal. Through systematic study of this major, students can master design principles, Photoshop software, CorelDRAW vector software, Illustrator vector software plane and other related drawing technologies in a short time. And practical courses such as graphic design material knowledge, operation process, module training, simulation and communication with customers.

1. Graphic design theory: 1 graphic design principle; 2. The quality of graphic designers; 3. Print advertising creativity; 4. Creative thinking mode of print advertising. Creative expression of print advertisement. Learn different styles. Attributes and characteristics of graphic design in different industries. Module training theory.

Second, Photoshop: 1 Toolbar; 2.PhotoShop layers, masks, paths, channels and filters; 3.PhotoShop synthesizes and processes images, 4. Graphic design and production.

CorelDRAW: 1. CorelDRAW toolbar; 2.CorelDRAW vector diagram; 3.CorelDRAW text editing, cartoon production, brochures, signs and other graphic design content.

4. Illustrator: 1. Illustrator toolbar; 2.Illustrator vector diagram; 3. Graphic design such as illustration business card design, font design, text typesetting, enterprise identification system (VI), production company manual, etc.

5. Printing technology: printing type/printing equipment type/common sense/paper opening/four-color printing/spot color printing/dot number/angle/paper weight/bleeding/overprint/imposition operation method and precautions: post-press technology: knowledge of bronzing/laminating/glazing UV/ glue/film cutting. Printing process: design sample /CMYK manuscript/proofreading/film/printing. This paper introduces the knowledge of inkjet technology in practical work, the making process of inkjet photos, the main factors of computer inkjet quality, and the factors affecting inkjet output efficiency in practical work.

Practical course

1. logo design: the classification, function, category and characteristics of logo, the design idea, expression method, combination form, basic principles of logo design, and the difference between trademarks and logos.

2. Mascot design: mascot design standards, creativity, materials, brand understanding and color application.

3. art font design: Font classification, writing rules and changing rules of artistic fonts, art font design principle, art font design method and standard fonts.

4. Exhibition board design: the foundation, layout elements, creative design expressions, advertising design process and print advertising production techniques of creative design of print advertisements.

5. Logo design: outdoor advertising theory knowledge, advantages and disadvantages of outdoor media, outdoor advertising production methods.

6. ID card design: color psychological reaction of graphic design, ID card size and design considerations.

7. Business card design: the use of color in graphic design, the size of business cards, and the characteristics of making business cards in different industries.

8. leaflet design: the application of layout composition in graphic design, the principle of layout composition, the form of layout composition, and the production of cover and inner page.

9.X-frame design: inkjet knowledge, the difference between inkjet and photos, the output requirements of inkjet and photo images, how to make inkjet images color neutral, the selection of inkjet materials, and picture synthesis.

10. storefront door head design: points for attention in door head design of different storefronts and selection of door head materials.

1 1. album design: the basic knowledge of binding design, the essential elements of binding design, the dimensions and specifications of binding design, the contents and functions of binding and binding design.

12. commercial poster design: basic knowledge of poster design, poster design content, poster expression, poster design criteria, poster composition, poster font arrangement and poster specifications.

13. Design of enterprise identification system (VI):

Basic knowledge, the concrete composition of CIS, the significance of excellent VI to enterprises, the basic principles of VI design, and the process of VI design.

14. newspaper advertising design: the basic knowledge of newspaper advertising design, the layout design of newspaper draft, and the main points of newspaper draft design.

15. packaging design: overview of packaging design, general process of packaging design, packaging design scheme, basic composition of packaging design and packaging form.

16. Comprehensive advertising design: space advertising layout, renderings design and body advertising design. Conception is a process of combining related materials creatively and forming an image in the mind through careful thinking and artistic creation according to the design requirements. Conception is based on the understanding of design requirements and design themes, and the final image of conception depends on the designer's experience, artistic accomplishment, aesthetic taste, creativity and other personality factors.

location

According to the design requirements and performance content, the theme and positioning style are introduced at the same time.

imagine

According to the content and theme, arouse experience and associate imagination, and increase the image capacity related to the theme.

choose

Select one or more mature images from the associated images.

consider

According to the audience's aesthetic taste and understanding ability, determine the design style and scrutinize the image expression (composition, color, texture, etc.). ).

add and subtract

Form an overall design style together with the copy, and abandon the image expression when necessary to ensure the overall sense, visual impact and aesthetics of the design.

adjust

"Adjustment" refers to the adjustment at any time according to the actual situation during the design and production process. Adjustment is a process of increasing or decreasing modeling elements and changing the size and proportion of each part under the guidance of aesthetic principles, and finally achieving the expected effect. The adjustment process runs through the whole production process. The process of graphic design is a step-by-step and continuous improvement process. The success of design depends largely on whether the concept is accurate and perfect. The beauty of design is endless, and perfection depends on attitude.

market survey

Investigation is a process of understanding things, and design needs a purposeful and complete investigation. Background, market survey, industry survey (about brands, audiences, products …), positioning, expression, and … survey are the beginning and basis of design (background knowledge).

Content framework

The content is divided into two parts: theme and specific content, which is the basic information for designers before design.

design concept

Conception is the first step in design, and thinking is more important than anything else in design. Creativity has always been independent of design. Perhaps this is the most difficult idea to convey in your visual works.

Mobilize visual elements

In design, the basic elements are equivalent to the components of your work, and each element should have the purpose of transmitting and strengthening information transmission. Really good designers are often stingy, and every element they use will be considered from the overall needs. In the page, the constituent elements can be divided according to categories, such as:

Title, text, background, tone, main picture, blank space, visual center, etc. Graphic design layout is a process of organically combining different elements. For example, in layout, frames (also called bones) are often used, and there are many forms, such as regular frames and irregular frames, visible frames and hidden frames; Among the font elements, the choice and collocation of fonts and fonts are very particular. The process of choosing font style is a process of aesthetic judgment, and the use of color can reflect a designer's understanding and cultivation of color. Color is a kind of language (information), which has feelings, can make people think, can make people feel cold and warm, before and after, weight, size and so on. Being good at mobilizing visual elements is one of the necessary abilities of designers.

Selective expression technique

Technology is skill. Today, with the proliferation of visual products, it is not easy to impress the audience. More visual works have been automatically ignored by people's eyes. How many ways can you convey your message? One is a complete and perfect design method expressed by traditional aesthetics, which will be appreciated and remembered by the audience. Second, it can be realized in a novel or unexpected way (including in materials). Third, it is crazy advertising and carpet bombing. Which do we need more? Although all three methods can achieve their goals, we know that their returns are different.

We have learned a variety of graphic processing and expression techniques in the three major components, such as contrast, analogy, exaggeration, symmetry, primary and secondary, light and shade, change, repetition, contradiction, radiation, rhythm, thickness, cold and warm, area and other forms. In addition, there are hand-drawn effects from graphic processing effects, such as oil painting, pencil, watercolor, printmaking, crayons, graffiti and others such as photography and old photos. So which one do you want to choose? It depends on your purpose and target group, as well as your design level.

balance

Balance can bring visual and psychological satisfaction. Designers should solve the balance of force field in the picture, balance before and after, and sense of balance is also the ability that designers need for composition. Balance and imbalance are relative, and whether it meets the requirements of the theme is the standard. Balance is divided into symmetric balance and asymmetric balance, including the balance of point, line, surface, color and space.

Colour sb. red to indicate bleeding (on the stage)

Remember, you should create visual stimuli to sublimate your work. Express meaning

1. Designer's Special Language

The designer's imagination is not a pure artistic fantasy, but a practical product that is useful to people by using science and technology. This requires visualizing the imagination first. This process of turning imagination into reality is to use the special painting language of design major. The process of expressing imagination in pictures. Therefore, designers must have a good painting foundation and a certain spatial three-dimensional imagination. Only when designers have excellent performance skills can they be handy in drawing. Only in this way can the shape, color, texture and meaning of the product be expressed incisively and vividly, which will make people produce * * *. Designers must go through a concrete process when facing abstract concepts and ideas. That is to say, only by transforming abstract concepts into concrete shapes can the image, color, texture and feeling in the mind be transformed into things with real feelings. The design process is very subtle. A good idea will be fleeting, and the designer must immediately capture the idea in his mind. Design is a kind of behavior aimed at unspecified objects, which often transcends national boundaries, time and space. It can be described and conveyed in words and words. However, because human beings speak the same language, designers must have an indispensable skill-drawing. The meaning of painting is like a staff in the hands of musicians. Be clear at a glance. Therefore, the expressive ability of design performance is a skill that every designer should have.

2. Communication tools in the field of design

In the field of designers' thinking, collective thinking is adopted to solve problems. Inspire each other, put forward reasonable suggestions to each other, and compare helpful structures. In addition, modern industrial design is different from the design and production of traditional handicrafts. However, the product designers and manufacturers of modern industrial production cannot be individuals, and industrial design is often a group work. Therefore, before conceiving a product, product designers must explain the relevant situation of the product to the relevant personnel-enterprise decision-makers, engineers and technicians, marketers and even users or consumers, so that the product can make the most beautiful and popular product without changing the policy. In the process of product brewing, the higher the producer's understanding of the product, the better and smoother the product combination and the higher the efficiency. This series of explanations and statements constitute the basic content and tasks of the performance.

3. Weapons to promote products

Many product design companies, when producing new products, should publicize their products, use photography skills, and make elaborate explanations for advertisements. But the camera can't show surreal, exaggerated and imaginative pictures. At this time, the effect is more prominent by using the special techniques of painting specialty. Because human beings have strong expressive ability, they can add subjective imagination at will and exaggerate or intentionally summarize the products simply. Compared with the camera, the performance chart is a bit more longing and mysterious than the products taken by the camera. Camera technology can't satisfy endless imagination. Therefore, the design performance chart is a sharp weapon to infer product sales.

Representation diagram

1. Fax

Through the expression of color, texture and artistic depiction, the real effect of the product can be achieved. The most important meaning of representation diagram is to convey correct information. Correctly let people know all kinds of characteristics of new products and their effects in a certain environment. It is convenient for all kinds of people to understand and understand. However, it is used to indicate that the visual angle seen by human eyes is different from the entity seen by human eyes.

Quick action

The competition in the modern product market is very fierce, and there are good ideas and inventions, which must be expressed by some means to shorten the product development cycle. Whether designing independently or promoting your design, when customers promote design ideas, they must make suggestions to each other, and record their suggestions immediately or display them graphically. Quick drawing skills will become a very important means.

beautiful

Although the design renderings are not pure works of art, they should also have certain artistic charm. It is convenient for peers and production departments to understand their intentions. An excellent design itself is a good ornament, which combines art and technology. Representation diagram is a concept, which is a comprehensive expression of shape, color, texture, proportion, size and light and shadow. Designers must be persuasive in order to be realized and accepted.