Five changes in the development of world film history

Modern film was first born in France at the end of 19. China National Film Museum's shadow play "Working People in China" has been circulated for a long time, and it can be said that it is the forerunner of modern movies. Shadow play is also called shadow play. The performance method is that people find a piece of paper or animal skin, cut the skin or paper into puppet shapes of various characters with scissors and knives, then operate the puppet with both hands to do various actions, and at the same time illuminate the puppet on a piece of white cloth with the light of candles for people to watch. After the shadow play and the lantern were introduced into Europe, Europeans developed into movies after years of practice and research. Facts show that although the film was not born in China. The working people in our country have a long-standing understanding of the principle of film, which also contributed to the invention of film later.

As early as 1829, Joseph Prado, a famous Belgian physicist, found that when an object disappears from people's eyes, the image of the object will remain in people's retina for a period of time. This discovery is called "video persistence principle". According to this principle, Prado invented the "magic disc" in 1832. The "special tray" can make the picture drawn on the zigzag cardboard box move because of the movement, and can also make the generated moving picture visually decompose into various images. The appearance of the "mysterious disc" indicates that the invention of the film has entered the stage of scientific experiment. 1834, Halner, an American, succeeded in the experiment of "Movable Video Disc". 1853, Austrian general von Utchetios showed the original cartoon by slide show on the basis of the above invention.

The progress of photography technology is an important prerequisite for the birth of film, and it can also be considered that the development of photography technology provides the necessary conditions for the invention of film. As early as 1826, French W Nieps successfully took the world's first photo, The Scene Outside the Window, with an exposure time of 8 hours. After the first silver plate photography appeared, a photo was shortened to about 30 minutes. Due to the continuous updating and use of photosensitive materials, the photography time has also been shortened. 1840 It only takes 20 minutes to take a photo. 185 1 year. After the wet tincture was made, the shooting speed was shortened to 1 sec. At this time, the shooting of "moving photos" has been successful in the experimental shooting of claudette, Dubosk and others. From 1872 to 1878, Edward Muybridge, a photographer in San Francisco, USA, took pictures of galloping horses with 24 cameras. After more than six years and countless shooting experiments, he finally succeeded, and then he successfully showed it on the slide. Is that I saw the horse running on the screen. Inspired by this, 1882, the French physiologist Male improved the method of continuous photography, successfully trial-produced a "camera gun", and created a "moving negative continuous camera" based on the "rotating camera" made by another inventor, Qiang Sen. 1888 September, he took moving photos with floppy film.

During the period of 1888- 1895, France, the United States, Britain, Germany, Belgium, Sweden and other countries had experiments of shooting and screening. 1888, the Frenchman Renault trial-produced the "optical film machine" to shoot the world's first animated film "A cup of delicious beer". 1889, American inventor Edison invented the film camera. After five years of experiments, he invented the film mirror. He released his movie images in new york, which caused a sensation in the United States. But his film Night Vision can only be watched by one person at a time, showing dozens of feet of film at a time, including horse racing and dance performances. His film Mirror uses the continuous rotation of film to create the illusion of activity. It can be said that the original film invention should belong to Edison. After his film The Mirror was introduced to China, it was called "the peep show".

1895, French brothers Auguste Lumiere and Louis Lumiere successfully developed a "movable film machine" based on Edison's "film mirror" and their own "continuous camera". "Movable film machine" has three main functions: photography, projection and printing. It shoots and shows movies at the speed of 16 frames per second, and the images are clear and stable. On March 22nd, 1895, their first film, The Gate of Lumiere Factory, was a success at the French Science and Technology Conference in Paris. In the same year, on February 28th, 14, they officially released a batch of short documentaries made by themselves to the public in the big coffee shop at No.4 Kaposin Road 14 in Paris. There are 12 movies, such as the train arriving at the station, the gardener watering, the baby's lunch, and the factory gate. The Lumiere brothers were the first people to show films on the screen. Historians believe that the filming and screening activities of the Lumiere brothers have been out of the experimental stage. Therefore, they set the first release date of the world film as1February 28th, 895. As the birth date of the film, the Lumiere brothers naturally became the "fathers of the film".

According to records, 1888, Edison began to study photos of activities. When Hysmans invented continuous film, Edison immediately bought continuous film and asked William Kennedy and Rory Dixon to start research. The following year 10, Dixon put forward the research results, and he made it into a moving horse, which was the earliest success in the history of movies. After his success, Dixon continued to immerse himself in further research. 1890, he applied for a film patent and could take 40 photos every second. This is the originator of modern movies. 189 1 year, Thomas Alva Edison applied for the patent right of image projection tube and photographic device, and was the originator of the movie "Westernization Scene". The idea of Thomas Alva Edison's invention of "peep show" was that it was once very popular because it could only be seen by one person at a time and people's curiosity could increase their interest. Soon, Thomas Alva Edison established the earliest studio in the world, which greatly promoted the development of movies. At first, in Europe, some people were studying photos of these activities. 1895, two people in London, one named Budka and the other named R.W. Paul, improved the original recording studio and performed in public. At the same time, there are two brothers in France, named Louis Lumiere and August Lumiere. They mapped the photos to the screen, thus attracting a large number of curious viewers. The screening of the film kicked off. The Lumiere brothers then showed a film called "The Factory in Lumiere has Closed" at the Association of the Paris Awards for Industry. In the same year1February, 12 film was officially released in the underground hall of the "Grand Cafe" in Boussineau Street, and tickets were sold. In September of the same year, tickets were also sold at the World Expo held in Atlanta, USA, when the projection film was shown. It can be seen that as early as the beginning of the film, it has already formed an indissoluble bond with profit. Pioneer (Lumiere), a French chemist, invented the film camera and projector together with Yi Bei Road, and was a pioneer of film experiment.