Popularization of basic knowledge of outdoor photography

How can I take good outdoor photos? Let me explain to you the three foundations of outdoor photography: composition principle, light application and line application.

First, the composition principle

You must learn to observe the scene and surrounding environment through the lens and choose the best shooting point to get the most satisfactory composition. When framing and composition, you need to pay attention to the following points:

Highlight the subject

Before shooting, you should "make up your mind" as before painting, and consider what the picture mainly shows and where the main body is arranged. Then through light, color, line, shape and other modeling means, to achieve the purpose of highlighting the main body.

Visual balance

A photo with a balanced composition can give people a sense of stability and harmony. There are two kinds of balance: symmetric balance and asymmetric balance. Asymmetric balanced combinations are usually more dynamic than symmetric balanced combinations. The size, shape, weight and direction of the scene, as well as the color, have an important influence on the visual balance.

Virtual and reality set each other off.

Virtual reality refers to the clarity and ambiguity between the subject and the foreground and background of space. The technique used is nothing more than hiding the virtual and showing the real, alternating the virtual and the real, and supporting the real with the virtual. Its purpose is to highlight the main body, render the atmosphere and enhance the sense of space depth. Reality mainly represents the subject of the subject; Imagination and emptiness mainly represent the subject and accompany him to set off the subject, which is an important link in the artistic conception of the picture.

Pay attention to the composition of rhythm and melody photography, and the subjects appear alternately in the same or similar form and repeat in order, thus forming rhythm; If the rhythm shows dynamic changes such as lines, comfort, harmony and ups and downs, it becomes a melody, thus making the picture beautiful, lyrical and smooth. Rhythm and melody are important links to deepen the theme, which are included in the contrast and tone of lines, colors and light.

Second, the use of light.

The success of photography depends largely on the use of light. Light directly affects color and hue, lines and shapes. Therefore, in the same scenic spot, shooting the same scenery, if the light is different, will produce different composition artistic conception and different atmosphere photos.

Guang Shun

The light comes from the front of the scene, the scene will not have shadows, the contrast is small, and its colors, lines, shapes and atmosphere can be truly expressed.

Indirect explanation

When the light comes from one side of the scene, the scene will produce shadows and contrasts, thus highlighting the shapes, lines and textures, resulting in changeable composition. This is often used in photography.

Backlighting

The light comes from the back of the shooting scene, and most of the scene is in the shadow, while the strong contour light can evenly show the clear shape of the object, thus creating a bright and concise picture.

diffused light

In this light, the scenery has no obvious contrast, and the color tone is dull and has little change. So the shape, lines and texture of the scenery are not obvious.

Third, the use of lines.

Lines are the skeleton of composition. Any visual work is inseparable from lines. There are usually trees, grass, telephone poles, rivers, waves and so on. Different lines can give people different visual images, for example, horizontal lines can express stability and tranquility, vertical lines can express solemnity and strength, diagonal lines have vitality, vitality and movement, and curves and wavy lines appear weak, leisurely and attractive; Thick line is heavy, thin line is light, thick line is strong, thin line is weak, solid line is static and dotted line is moving, which is used incisively and vividly in composition.

expert opinion/advice

In the changeable weather, the light is changing, so it is necessary to take more films to have enough images for the final choice. Ultraviolet filters can protect lenses from rain and fog, and at the same time minimize the influence of ultraviolet rays in coastal areas and mountainous areas. Lens filters with different colors can produce obvious tonal differences between some colors of the scene.

Shooting the fog scene has a unique taste, fresh and elegant, like an ink painting. In the vast and flat fields, the fog is relatively stable, and photographers can calmly conceive and create; The fog in the mountainous area is changeable, so the photographer should seize the opportunity and press the shutter when the main body is half covered and half covered. Nature in the fog seems to be absent, sometimes hidden and sometimes present, giving the viewer a sense of fairyland visually. However, travel photographers should understand that if the fog is too thick, it is not suitable for photography.

The light in foggy days is scattered light, so it is difficult to show the shape of the object and the color of the picture. Closer shots are clearer, and the farther the scene is, the more blurred it is. When choosing a scene, a tourist photographer should shoot a scene with a certain outline and contrast color; Handle the relationship between foreground and background, and show the level of the picture. Photographers can add colorful flowers to the foreground, or arrange a model wearing red clothes (or other props) to decorate the whole painting, thus creating a strong visual contrast. In a single-tone scene, as long as there are several objects of different colors in it, this object is particularly conspicuous, which is the principle of color contrast. It should be noted that in composition, the proportion of scenes with prominent colors should not be too large, otherwise the visual effect of fog scene will be destroyed.

When shooting a foggy scene, the exposure should be appropriately increased by 1EV. If you want to take high-profile landscape photos, the exposure can be increased by 1.5-2EV. Although fog is mostly scattered light, we can observe the direction of sunlight carefully, but there are still some disadvantages. In the case of forward light, the picture should be flat, and in the case of backward light, a fog scene can be taken, which can increase the perspective effect of the picture.

By the way, the fog is humid, so tourists should pay attention to protect delicate cameras from moisture. They should take them out of their bags when they need to shoot, and put them in the drying oven to absorb water in time after traveling home. Foggy days are seasonal, so photographers can't create the content of this theme in foggy days? That's not true. In fog-free weather, photographers can use high-hardness atomizing mirrors (150, 15 1) to artificially simulate the fog scene. When in use, adjusting the position of the atomizing mirror in the mirror seat can change the clarity of the foreground and background, and the farther the background is, the more natural the atomizing effect is.