Characteristics of Wuhu dialect

This paper takes the main dialects in Wuhu as the research object. In fact, there are different dialects in Wuhu city, but there are many differences in some details, which are basically the same. Of course, the dialects of the three counties have their own characteristics, which are quite different from the dialects of Wuhu city, and the farther the distance, the greater the difference, which is beyond the scope of discussion. In this paper, the Latin alphabet combination without square brackets is Chinese Pinyin, and when it is not emphasized as Putonghua Pinyin, it refers to Wuhu dialect Pinyin, which is slightly different from Putonghua Pinyin. With square brackets [] is the international phonetic symbol, referred to as the national standard.

A. Pronunciation characteristics

Wuhu dialect belongs to a kind of Jianghuai Mandarin in ancient Chinese. Jianghuai Mandarin used to be the mainstream Mandarin in the southern political center, and it has its own system in Beijing and Beijing Mandarin. Wuhu dialect, which is close to wuyue, also contains some elements of Wu dialect and Yue dialect. During the process of continuous immigration and integration, it has also formed some characteristics of its own. Let's talk about the pronunciation characteristics of Wuhu dialect in detail.

1. When pronouncing, the oral space and mouth opening are small, the mouth shape changes little when pronouncing single words, the tongue and tongue are more powerful than Mandarin, the friction is heavier, the speech speed is faster, and the pronunciation of single words is short, which exists in all pronunciations of Wuhu dialect, such as: ai pronunciation is close to [ε] in the national standard; The pronunciation of ei is close to the short vowel [e] in German national standard, and similar to [i], but the mouth shape is slightly larger than [i]. The pronunciation of e and [? 0? 5], and so on.

2. Wuhu dialect retains a large number of tones and a considerable number of words. This pronunciation, which has completely disappeared in Putonghua, once occupied an important position in ancient Chinese. It is characterized by sudden and short pronunciation, usually with fricative sounds, such as "ga" for home, "ki" for going, and interrogative words "ge" or "ke" (such as "where are you going?" That is, "Are you going?" ) read ge or ke.

3. The nasal sounds before and after are indistinguishable. Accurately speaking, Wuhu dialect has no posterior nasal sound, but it reads as anterior nasal sound. This is the nature of many dialects. For example, ing, eng and ang are pronounced as in, en and an, but today, middle-aged and under residents in Wuhu city have generally pronounced ang.

4. Don't roll your tongue. The tongue roll in Putonghua is generally flat in Wuhu dialect. This is also reflected in many dialects. For example, say "Yes" to Si, "Water" to Su and "Zhong" to Zong.

The initials n and l are hard to distinguish. In Wuhu dialect, the initials n and l are indistinguishable, and l generally appears.

2. Unique pronunciation rules. Nowadays, many words with the same pronunciation in Putonghua are completely different in Wuhu dialect. Some pronunciations in Wuhu dialect cannot be marked by conventional Chinese Pinyin, or even by international phonetic symbols. Here, only the pronunciation rules that are quite different from Mandarin are summarized as follows:

1. Some words with O and uo vowels in Putonghua are entering words in Wuhu dialect, and pronunciation will be involved later; The other part is the voiceless word, the vowel changes greatly, and the pronunciation is difficult to express. Generally, the lips shrink slightly into a smaller circle, and then quickly pronounce the pinyin U in Mandarin, which is close to the short vowel [o] in German. Such as "I", "Luo" and "suo";

2. In Mandarin, some words with vowel E (basically words with initials zh, ch and sh in Mandarin) and some words with vowel ui (basically words with initials Z, C, S, T and D in Mandarin) all have vowel ei. For example, "this, car, shoot" and "the most urgent, although, push, right". In addition, when "Sui" means "whatever", some people sometimes change the pronunciation to cé i.

3. The vowels of some Chinese characters with "An", "An", "Huang" and "E" as vowels have changed. Pinyin can be marked with uong, and the pronunciation method is similar to the O sound of Wuhu dialect, and then it quickly becomes ng sound in the nasal cavity, while keeping the mouth shape of U sound unchanged. For example, "pan, full, moving, half", "arithmetic, acid, couplet, official, warm", "light, basket" and "she" (the usage rate of the above-mentioned words pronounced uong is extremely low among young people, who are used to the pronunciation close to Mandarin, but generally have no problem in understanding. The pronunciation of "she" is still only used by some elderly people);

4. In Mandarin, if the vowel is eng, it is usually pronounced as ong. Such as "wind" and "peak";

5. In Mandarin, the postnasal vowels in Wuhu dialect are pronounced as pre-nasal vowels. This point has been explained in the pronunciation characteristics;

6. Yan or Yan's Wuhu dialect pronunciation in Mandarin. This pronunciation is quite special. The pronunciation method is similar to the nasal vibration pronunciation when I sound, and at the same time, the mouth shape of I sound is basically unchanged, and there is no suitable phonetic symbol to mark it. Such as "Yan" and "Lian".

7. Some words with I vowels in Mandarin use ie as vowels in Wuhu dialect. Such as "strength, calendar, chestnut", "rebellion, drowning", "honey, density", "nose, beard", "points", "urgency, harmony, luck", "paint, music", "habits, seats, interest" and so on;

8. Some words with ai, ei and O vowels in Putonghua are the entering words in Wuhu dialect, and the vowels are weakened to the national standard [? 0? 5]。 Such as "white, hundred, beat", "black, north", "ink, splash, grip" and so on;

9. In Mandarin, some vowels are U or uo, while in Wuhu dialect, vowels are weakened and their pronunciation is similar to the national standard [u? 0? 5]。 Such as "crying, cave", "things, houses", "land, deer", "wood, eyes", "vulgar, clean", "shrinking, falling and supporting"

10. In Mandarin, when the pinyin combinations "Ji", "Qi", "xi" and "a/an/ang" are combined, some combinations become "G", "K" and "H". Such as "home, talk", "pinch", "scared, blind, salty, and funny";

1 1. The initial r of Putonghua has become the [z] sound in the national standard in Wuhu dialect. Such as "meat" and "people".

12. The initials of Wuhu dialect have no tongue-rolling sound. This point has been introduced in the pronunciation characteristics.

13. There is no difference between N and L in the initial consonants of Wuhu dialect, and they all pronounce L, which has also been introduced in the phonetic characteristics;

14. Wuhu dialect changed the pronunciation of Wu in Putonghua pinyin to the national standard [v]. Such as "Wu" and "Wu" (Weng's initial w is also commonly pronounced as [v] in Putonghua pinyin, so it is not a feature of Wuhu dialect).