Early embryonic form of wetland park: does it really exist? On the Gardening Wisdom of Pre-Qin People

I believe everyone is familiar with the story of Peach Blossom Garden. It is said by word of mouth that this legendary paradise is beautiful, with trees and bustling cottages. It is between the cock crowing and the dog crowing, and its heart is above the smoke. Such a beautiful dreamland can make tourists linger and become the dream destination of countless literati for thousands of years. However, like the Wuling fishermen who finally came back to look for them, most people have never seen the Peach Blossom Garden in their lives.

So, does the Peach Blossom Garden really exist?

Tao Yuanming's dreamland at the end of the water source may be his fiction, but in the distant pre-Qin era, our ancestors discovered a natural "paradise"-wetland. Here is rich in water resources and fertile soil, suitable for farming; There are many flowers and birds, just like a natural museum of animals and plants. China people in the pre-Qin period were surprised to find that the shallow marshes left behind by the low tide of the sea contained mysterious forces that could prevent floods and weather.

This gift from nature was made full use of by hardworking and brave ancestors: relying on wetlands, magnificent palaces and cloisters rose from the ground, and exotic animals ran happily in the prosperous Woods. Nowadays, the state has repeatedly emphasized "taking ecological construction as the core", which was regarded as the standard by the rulers in the distant pre-Qin period and became the only secret law for the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

It can be said that wetland is the cradle of Chinese civilization and the birthplace of civilization. Today, let's go through history and become a witness to the evolution of civilization, once again witnessing the harmony between nature and humanity.

1. The earliest wetland record in China.

Open the moist and thick soil on the fertile land on both sides of the Yellow River, showing the wetland records left by Yangshao and Majiayao cultures. Thousands of years ago, it used to be a fertile swamp full of rice. Yangshao aborigines in Mianchi, Henan Province, gently planted the first seedling in the long history of farming in China in warm and humid soil. In the slowly flowing shallow water, natural wild animals such as fish and shrimp were caught. Although the ancestors at that time did not understand the formation principle of wetlands, they had learned to develop and utilize them. Moreover, with a feeling of totem worship, the ancestors of the pre-Qin dynasty depicted the insects, birds, fish and grass they saw on the wetland, and combined with the image of people, painted pottery porcelain painted a picture of the unity of man and nature, which also opened the indissoluble bond between the Chinese nation and the wetland.

2. Records of wetlands in Yin and Shang Dynasties

With the passage of time, people who depend on wetlands for farming and living have established their own countries around them. Anyang City, Henan Province, once one of the capitals of Shang Dynasty, was once an important wetland.

According to the scientists' analysis of the data of fauna and the Oracle bone inscriptions left by Yu Shun in the Shang Dynasty, at that time, even if you were just an ordinary Shang people, you would surely see bison, elk, roe deer and other small animals on the wet and lush wetlands outside Beijing. In addition, Oracle Bone Inscriptions also described in great detail the number of wetland animals that people get every time they hunt. In February alone, hundreds of elk can be easily hunted.

Abundant wetland resources not only provided a good material foundation for Yin merchants in Central Plains, but also made their cultural development possible. Because of extensive farming, fishing and hunting around the land, hieroglyphs like "nursery" and "squat" appeared for the first time in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it was also in Oracle Bone Inscriptions that such characters officially appeared for the first time.

3. Wetlands recorded in The Book of Songs

If Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the most important record in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the most accurate record from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period is the Book of Songs, which was sorted out by Confucius. As the most important historical materials to record people's lives and local scenery, whether it is "the so-called Iraqis are on the water side" in "National Wind" or "fish in the algae, depending on its pu" by Xiaoya, the beauty and uniqueness of wetlands are all mentioned.

Of the 305 poems, 70 are about flowing lakes. I'm afraid according to the present situation, what kind of springs and streams there are and what kind of fish jump out of the river is a travel manual that clearly describes all the wetland landforms and their biological characteristics. Just looking at it can make people think of beautiful scenery.

The records of flowers, trees, birds, insects and fish around the wetland seem to be very detailed. Many people may be curious: Did our pre-Qin ancestors only know how to eat and eat, and the natural environment such as wetlands has long been used by real estate developers to build garden houses and then labeled as natural oxygen bars?

Smart pre-Qin people naturally noticed this. According to the classic Kao Gong Dian, the pastures in Royal Hunt at that time, as well as garden ponds and lingqu, were all built on wetlands. The use of wetlands by ancient people in production activities can be said to be today and amazing.

1. The Science of Garden Selection

There were many countries in the pre-Qin period. However, it is not difficult to find that the location of capital cities in these countries will have one thing in common, that is, they will all be built by mountains and rivers. Wetlands and swamps in the outer suburbs are regarded as treasures by monarchs of various countries, and the "gardens" and "caves" built around them are important resources of a country.

Imagine that in the Spring and Autumn Period, businessmen from all over the world gathered in one place and introduced their country's powerful strength in succession. This is bound to happen. Zheng people first stood up and boasted that there were countless wild animals in the original garden outside Xinzheng, the capital city, and even if people from every country took a deer, they could satisfy it. Businessmen in the state of Qin are proud to talk about the facilities on the outskirts of the capital Yong. How can the national drought not dry up and continue to provide water for the people? Isn't this a godsend?

Land tourists are not to be outdone. They talked about the scene when Lang You and She Yuanyou held martial arts and writing activities on the outskirts of Qufu, which attracted everyone's admiration. Businessmen from Chu took their time and slowly told how beautiful the scenery of Yunmengze was, just like the natural environment of heaven and earth, which attracted people's envy.

These businessmen are talking about wetlands! During the Spring and Autumn Period, most countries built their capitals after careful consideration, and almost every king chose to rely on gardens to build urban gardens. This shows how important wetlands are to the choice of royal gardens.

2. Landscape design

In landscape design, the influence of pioneers is very important. However, as the first recorded garden, the name of Dune Garden is not very "glorious"-because it was built by the notorious tyrant Emperor Zhou. As the largest palace in Lutai and Giant Bridge Palace, the design of sand dune garden built by water is highly valued by Zhou Wang. Gaotai and Qionglou are naturally indispensable, and rare birds and animals between pavilions and pavilions should be kept in the middle of the pool. The agricultural center relies on the Yellow River basin, and the sand dune garden is naturally inexhaustible. It can be seen that the "wine pool meat forest" mentioned by later generations is not intentionally exaggerated.

Such profligacy naturally aroused the resistance and dissatisfaction of countless people. When King Wu, who had breached the capital, came to the palace area around Lutai and Juqiao, he was shocked: the reason why the Shang Dynasty was still magnificent after years of extravagance was because of this huge wetland full of vitality and like a treasure house! During this period, countless bamboos naturally grew, enough for future generations to cut down and use. King Wu was naturally overjoyed at that time and immediately designated it as the capital of Weiguo.

In addition to the dune garden, Yunmengze, as the largest swamp in Chu State, is embedded in Zhanghuatai like jade. Among them, the scenery is natural and elegant, and there are many small animals and flowers. It is not an exaggeration to say that it is a real human Yaochi.

If wetlands are so important, isn't there a book that records wetlands and gardens in detail? The answer is naturally yes.

Notes on Shui Jing is an important historical work summarized by Li Daoyuan after traveling around the country and reading a lot of historical materials. After countless times of burning the midnight oil, Li Daoyuan took the river he personally walked as a clue, recorded many garden materials collected along the way, and personally drew the images of gardens and wetlands in the pre-Qin period.

Not only that, he also carefully marked the characteristics, resource value, agricultural value, ecological function, multiple uses and development of wetlands in the pre-Qin period. It can be said that at that time, the book Zhu was an encyclopedia similar to wetlands. As long as you have read it, you can understand all the major wetlands and gardens in the country, and you can also grasp the transformation and utilization of wetlands since the pre-Qin period.

As a godsend, wetlands were discovered and utilized by intelligent and industrious descendants of the Chinese people as early as the pre-Qin period. On this basis, countless beautiful royal gardens have been created, and the unique advantages of wetlands have been utilized and transformed, creating more value. It can be said that the utilization and development of wetlands is a perfect interpretation of China people's rational utilization and transformation of nature for thousands of years.

However, nowadays, the rapid development of economy and society has caused a subtle "imbalance" between man and nature. The area of wetlands that gave birth to China's traditional culture is also shrinking year by year. At this time, we need to review the teachings left by our ancestors and transform nature in a reasonable way. There is no need to be so eager for quick success. Only in this way can the wetland, the cradle of national culture, last forever and benefit future generations.