I love watching revolutionary film and television works. I am anxious, anxious, anxious, anxious, anxious.

Commissioner Mao is resourceful and decisive.

After visiting Jinggangshan, a commander of a Latin American country once praised it meaningfully: "Jinggangshan is a fascinating place. Mao Zedong knows astronomy, but geography. The place he chose was a place where the dragon of China was hidden and the tiger of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army was lying down. The establishment of this base area is closely linked to the victory of the China revolution. " Dragons can't be trapped on the beach, only by diving into the sea can they stir up the waves; Tigers can't stay in Pingyang, they have to rely on the mountain and have a great impact on the mountain.

1927 10, Mao Zedong led the revolutionary army of workers and peasants to Jinggangshan in Wolong Crouching Tiger and lived there for more than four months. The first rural base of China Revolution was established, which realized the first great turning point of our Party's history.

1928 In May, Zhu De and Mao Zedong joined forces in Jinggangshan, and the strength of the Red Army was greatly strengthened. Wudoujiang, Caoshiao, Long Yuan and other places have won several battles in succession, and the border struggle has entered its heyday. This is manifested in: the main force of the Red Army has been expanded from two regiments to four regiments; The red area includes Ninggang, Yongxin, Lianhua County and parts of Suichuan, Ji 'an, Anfu and Ling County, and local armed forces have been generally established. Party and government organizations have been established in counties, districts and townships, and the highest leading organs of local party and government-the CPC Hunan-Jiangxi Border Special Committee and the government of workers, peasants and soldiers have been established in the base areas. A mass movement to fight local tyrants and divide fields has been launched in an all-round way, and farmers' dream of "land to the tiller" has come true.

The reason why the situation developed so fast in this period was that the policies of the border party (local party and military party) were correct. These policies are: "resolutely oppose the enemy, create political power in the middle of the Luo Xiao Mountains, and oppose the agrarian revolution in the escapist separatist areas;" The party of the army helps the development of local parties, and the armed forces of the army help the development of local armed forces; Defend Hunan, where the ruling power is stronger, and attack Jiangxi, where the ruling power is weaker; Vigorously manage Yongxin, create a mass separatist regime, and arrange long-term struggle; Concentrate the cameras of the Red Army to attack the current enemies, oppose the division of troops, avoid the expansion of separatist regions that are broken by the enemy one by one, adopt a wave-like promotion policy, and oppose the policy of aggression. "

Mao Zedong was resourceful and decisive, and correctly chose Jinggangshan as the base for the in-depth revolutionary struggle. It is not that he has Zhuge Liang's unique talent of "observing the astronomical phenomena" and "crafting his sleeve", but that he is good at proceeding from reality and is determined on the basis of in-depth investigation and study on politics, economy and geography of Jinggangshan.

Mao Zedong believes that Jinggangshan has many advantages: First, it has a foundation for the work of the party and the masses since the Great Revolution; Second, there are "greenwood friends" such as Yuan and others; Third, the geographical situation conducive to combat; Fourth, the reactionary rule here is weak; Fifth, it has relatively good economic supply conditions; Sixth, every move here has a great influence on Hunan and Jiangxi. Therefore, Mao Zedong affirmed that Jinggangshan is a good place to develop the revolution because of its pleasant climate, superior geographical position and harmonious people. Mao Zedong, like many great historical figures, unswervingly adhered to his ideals and beliefs even under pressure and punishment. At that time, it was said that it was a "serious political mistake" for him not to attack Changsha after the Autumn Harvest Uprising, so he was dismissed from his posts as Alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee and Secretary of the Front Committee. When this decision came to Jinggangshan, he went out of line, saying that he could only be a teacher but not a party representative when he was expelled from the party. Mao Zedong is still fearless. He did not lose heart, did not waver, and unswervingly established rural base areas.

Mao Zedong is a person who "reads thousands of books and follows Wan Li Road". He put forward and implemented the theory of "armed separation of workers and peasants" in Jinggangshan, which is a political line of flesh and blood. The specific contents of this line are: establishing political power in a planned way, deepening the agrarian revolution and expanding the people's armed forces. Accurately speaking, based on the combination of the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism and the specific situation of China, he creatively opened up the revolutionary road of China-Jinggangshan Road, which was "the countryside surrounded the city and seized power by armed forces", thus writing the sequel to the China of Marxism-Leninism.

In June of A.D. 1928, while the situation of border struggle was developing day by day, a man named Du came from Hunan. He said that the enemy troops in southern Hunan were "very shaken" and "in a state of panic", and on behalf of the provincial party Committee, they would forcibly pull the Red Army to southern Hunan to attack Chenzhou. Mao Zedong asked him about the mobilization of workers and peasants in southern Hunan, local armed groups and the protection of the enemy. The result is random. How can you get started easily without such basic information? !

The joint meeting of the Military Commission, the Special Committee and the Yongxin County Committee held in Yongxin County at the end of June fully discussed this important issue. At the meeting, Mao Zedong pointed out: "At this time, moving the team to southern Hunan, which is far away from the base area, may cause the danger of' tigers falling in Pingyang and dogs bullying'." The meeting decided not to carry out the instructions of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, continue to carry out the struggle to consolidate and expand the Jinggangshan base area, and write a report suggesting that the provincial party Committee reconsider.

However, despite the decision of the meeting and the dissuasion of the Military Commission, the representatives of the provincial party committee took advantage of Mao Zedong's short division in Yongxin to mobilize the masses, and pulled the two main regiments stationed in Lingxian County to southern Hunan to attack Chenzhou. As a result, the two regiments lost half their lives, all the border counties were occupied by the enemy, countless people were killed and houses were burned, which caused the "failure in August" of the border struggle.

In order to overcome blindness and enhance consciousness, Mao Zedong held a meeting of cadres at or above the battalion level of Gongsi Army in Guidong County at the end of August, which examined the harm of subjectivism and summarized the lessons of "failure in August". It is pointed out that "unknown enemy situation", "summer expedition", "leaving the red zone" and "pure military adventure" are the important reasons for this failure. At the end of 1929, Mao Zedong pointed out when summing up the experience since the Nanchang Uprising and the Jinggangshan struggle: "Subjectivism exists strongly in some party member, which is very unfavorable for analyzing the political situation and guiding the work. Due to the subjectivist analysis of the political situation and the subjectivist guidance of work, the inevitable result is either opportunism or blindness. "

Since 1920, Mao Zedong has been tirelessly reading the Marxism–Leninism Declaration and other works. After I came to Jinggangshan, I repeatedly studied some classic military classics. At that time, his most precious possessions were two bookshelves. Whether he moved to the border county or returned to his "hometown" in the base area, he never forgot to bring this pair of "partners". Although he leads a busy life, he still races against time to read all kinds of books and newspapers. The battlefield he assigned to the guards clearly stipulated such a task: after laying a place, he must take the opportunity to collect all kinds of books and newspapers. 1In May, 928, the Red Army attacked Gao Long Wei in Xiachaling County and seized many books and newspapers in Tan Jia, a Kuomintang warlord, among which happened to be the long-awaited Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Mao Zedong praised again and again after reading it: "This is really a clear Wan Li, I am so happy."

Mao Zedong has read all the classic works at all times and all over the world, but he has always adhered to a principle, that is, using Marxism–Leninism's position, viewpoints and methods to solve the practical problems of the China revolution and serve the real struggle. He is completely different from those who believe in the past and can't get rid of old paper, and those who say that they speak Greek and know nothing about China's national conditions. In a word he often said, it is to integrate theory with practice and "shoot the target".

The reason why Mao Zedong had such great courage and courage and resolutely resisted the decision of Hunan Provincial Party Committee to ask the Red Army to invade southern Hunan was because of the in-depth investigation and comparison of the enemy forces in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. At that time, the Kuomintang army stationed in Hunan had six armies and six divisions, which were not only large in number, but also very effective. The Red Army confronted the Eighth Army of Wu Shang, the Hunan enemy, four times, only a few of them were injured, and the enemy's main force suffered no losses. Although the enemy in Jiangxi has three armies, only three divisions participated in the "suppression" in Jinggangshan. Among them, except Liu Shiyi, the commander of the Seventh Division of the Independent Regiment, who was from duchang county, Jiangxi, all the others were troops transferred from Yunnan by Chiang Kai-shek. After analysis, Mao Zedong came to the conclusion: "Jiangxi has no troops from this province, but troops from other provinces have always been stationed here. Foreign troops are not familiar with the situation of "suppressing the Communist Party" and "suppressing bandits", and they are far less close to each other than the provincial troops, and they are often not very enthusiastic. " Faced with this reality, he formulated and implemented the policy of "taking the defensive in Hunan, where the ruling power is relatively strong, and taking the offensive in Jiangxi, where the ruling power is relatively weak". In other words, we can only defend the enemy forces in Hunan, not attack them; You can take the initiative to attack the enemy forces in Jiangxi and actively promote them; Practice has proved that Mao Zedong's analysis is correct. 1928 In the first half of the year, the Red Army of Jinggangshan fought against the enemy forces in Jiangxi for many times in Suichuan, Ninggang and Yongxin, and won the battle. Destroyed and defeated eight enemy regiments and seized a large number of guns and ammunition, making the enemy in Jiangxi powerless to fight back.

Mao Zedong strategized and won the battle thousands of miles away, relying on the investigation and scientific analysis of the enemy's strength. He flexibly applied Marxist principles, combined with the specific situation of Jinggangshan, and led Jinggangshan's revolutionary struggle to win one victory after another with keen political follow-up and excellent military command ability.

Commissioner Mao sent cotton-padded clothes.

Since its establishment, Jinggangshan revolutionary base area has been under the enemy's military encirclement and suppression and economic blockade, and the life of the Red Army and the people in the base area is extremely difficult. Mao Zedong wrote a report to the Central Committee in June, saying, "There are 5,000 people who have winter clothes, but they still lack cloth. It's so cold that many soldiers still wear two layers of light clothes. Fortunately, I'm used to suffering. And everyone is equally bitter. "

In winter, Jinggangshan is particularly cold. Red Army soldiers have no cotton-padded quilts, only two layers of single clothes and thin thread blankets. In life, each person only has 50 cents of oil, salt and firewood every day, and eats coarse Redmi and pumpkin soup without oil and salt. At night, he keeps warm by straw and has no quilt. In the winter when Commissioner Mao went to Jinggangshan, he instructed the revolutionary army of workers and peasants to set up garment factories in Taoliao and Ciping. Make your own military uniform with local cotton cloth and cloth.

One day, the army issued new cotton-padded clothes, and Commissioner Mao took them back to the Bajiaolou. He walked up to the landlord Xie Huaifu and said, There are five people in your family, and there are no cotton-padded clothes. Please put on this cotton-padded coat! Xie Huaifu saw that Commissioner Mao only wore three light clothes, and remembered that Commissioner Mao only wore a thread blanket on a cold winter night and often worked late into the night, so he refused to accept new cotton-padded clothes. With Chairman Mao doing Xie Huaifu's work many times, Xie Huaifu put on a new cotton-padded coat.

In this way, Chairman Mao shared weal and woe with the people, overcame the cold winter, won the trust and love of the people, and won the Jinggangshan struggle.

1937165438+10, Xu had just joined the revolution and worked as a photography officer in the Propaganda Department of the Political Department behind the Eighth Route Army. One day, the organization told Xu that there was an important activity to shoot, and the details would not be known until the airport. When Xu arrived at the airport, there were few people here. After waiting for a while, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Bo Gu Kailai, Xiao Jinguang and other important people from Yan 'an all came to the airport. When the plane arrived, many people got off the plane before Xu could react. It turned out that the Soviet Union sent a special plane to send Wang Ming and Kang Sheng back to Yan 'an from Moscow, and Chen Yun got on the plane from Xinjiang, accompanied by some entourage. At that time, Xu Gang had just arrived in Yan 'an, and he didn't know many people well. He had to try to get more shots of the chairman. Seeing Xu gesticulating with a camera, the chairman said, "Let's take a picture together." Then they naturally stood together (see Biography, 132, photo by Xu). At that time, Xu used a small old camera with no automatic device and wide-angle lens. He had to stay away and take photos with the chairman as the center. Because I am not familiar with it, this photo almost encircles Wang Ming standing by the camera. Just after taking a photo, suddenly a foreigner pulled Xu aside and asked, "Where are you from?" Xu said: "I am the propaganda officer of the rear political department, and I was informed by the organization to take this photo." However, this person is dubious. Just now, someone knew Xu and proved Xu's identity to him. Later, Xu Cai knew that this man was a doctor of Ma and had been to Yan 'an with a famous American writer. But at that time, he was so upset that he missed the opportunity to take pictures. After getting familiar with Ma, Xu always joked with him and said, "Dr. Ma, I was taking pictures at the airport. Do you doubt me? Is this your responsibility? " Ma Haide himself felt funny.

Zhang Zizhong, commander-in-chief of the 33rd Army of the National Revolutionary Army, led his troops to fight bloody battles with the Japanese army many times, and won the battles of Xifeng, Linyi and Suizao. Later, he died heroically in the battle of Zaoyi.

(2) In order to cover the retreat of the masses and large troops and stop the Japanese army, the five strong men of Langya Mountain finally ran out of ammunition and all jumped off the cliff.

(3) Lin Zexu, anti-smoking movement, strong China.

(4) Li Zongren, a famous patriotic democrat, was the commander of the Fifth Theater during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. He organized major frontal battles such as the Xuzhou Battle, the Winter Offensive and the Zaoyi Battle, and won great victories in Taierzhuang, which effectively dealt a blow to the Japanese aggressors.

Dong Cunrui

1On May 25th, 948, our army attacked Longhua City. Dong Cunrui's company undertakes the task of attacking Longhua Middle School, the key defensive point of the Kuomintang defenders. He served as the leader of the blasting group, led his comrades to blow up four turrets and five bunkers in succession, and successfully completed the specified tasks. The company immediately launched a charge and was suddenly blocked by the fierce fire of a hidden bridge bunker. The troops were blocked in the open area, and Class Two and Class Four failed to bomb the bunker twice in a row. Dong Cunrui came forward and begged the company commander: "I am * * *, please allow me to go!" Resolutely picked up the explosive charge and rushed to the bunker. On the way, he injured his left leg and stubbornly insisted on rushing to the bridge. Because the bridge bunker is higher than the ground, it is impossible to place explosives on both abutments. At a critical juncture, he did not hesitate to raise the explosive charge in his left hand, lit the fuse in his right hand and shouted, "For the new China, go!" When the bunker was bombed, Dong Cunrui used his life to open the way for the troops. He is only 19 years old.

Tonggelin

1On July 28th, 937, the Beiping War began. Tong's Nanyuan, outside Beijing, was bombarded by more than 40 enemy planes, and 3,000 mechanized troops launched a fierce attack from the ground. 132 division commander Tong and Zhao, who fought to the death, commanded the 29th Army to fight to the end. The fighting was fierce. Later, he was ordered to move to Dahongmen. Surrounded by Japanese troops on the way. When he organized an army assault, he was shot in the leg by a machine gun and his head was seriously injured. He bled too much and died heroically. Comrade Mao Zedong once highly praised Tong and other Kuomintang anti-Japanese generals and "set a lofty and great example for the people of the whole country". On July 3 1937, the Nanjing National Government issued an order to posthumously award General Boy Army.

Captain Wang Hai, a "first-class hero"

Biography: Wang Hai, a native of Shandong, was born in 1925, joined the Party in 1945, and enlisted in 1946. In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Wang Hai, then the captain of the 9 th Regiment 1 Brigade of the 3 rd Division of the Air Force, led his comrades to create a record of shooting down and injuring 29 enemy planes. This brigade was known as the "Hero's Wang Hai Brigade". He himself was awarded the title of "first-class hero" by the leading authorities of Chinese people's Volunteer Army for shooting down and injuring nine enemy planes.

Before participating in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, Wang Hai and his comrades-in-arms only flew jet fighters for more than 20 hours on average, while most of their opponents, US Air Force pilots, participated in World War II, flying for more than 1000 hours. However, in the battle to resist US aggression and aid Korea, Wang Hai and his comrades-in-arms believed that they could defeat powerful enemies. 195 1 10, 18 in the afternoon, 180 more than 80 American planes flew over China separately for indiscriminate bombing, and our planes were ordered to take off to meet them. Wang Hai Brigade dispatched six fighters to fly to the designated war zone. "Attack with me!" Wang Hai gave the order after discovering that enemy planes dropped bombs on the Qingchuan River Bridge. Subsequently, the formation rushed down from the height of 6000 meters and instantly rushed to the enemy plane group at 1500 meters. The enemy plane was messed up by this sudden attack, dropped the bomb and rushed to fight. Seeing that the enemy plane used "circling tactics", eight planes were connected end to end, covering each other and circling with our plane. Wang Hai gave an order: "Climbing high takes up space!" My six fighters held their heads together and quickly jumped into the sky. Then, they hit the head again and rushed down. Several impacts broke through the "circular array" of enemy planes. Wang Hai seized the opportunity and rushed at an enemy plane until it was 500 meters away, causing it to tumble to the ground. The rest of the enemy planes were terrified and fled in all directions. After the battle, Wang Hai and his comrades lined up neatly and returned to the base. In this battle, they destroyed five enemy planes. Wang Hai Brigade became famous in one fell swoop.

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan soldiers forced the south. Huang Song lost from Hangzhou to Fuzhou. In the spring of the second year of Jingyan (namely 1277). In order to fight against the Yuan Army, Wen Tianxiang led his troops into Zhangzhou from western Fujian. He heard that Fuzhou was lost, and the Song Emperor fled to the sea, so he had to retreat to the west, cross Banliaoling at the junction of southern Fujian and western Fujian, retreat to the dangerous mountain to build a camp, and calmly deal with emergencies. Yuan army is fierce and urgent. Wen Tianxiang's soldiers and horses crossed the wooden bridge of Xiashe River, looked up at the sky and said, "God help me!" Immediately, there was a blustery wind, lightning and thunder, and the roaring flash floods blocked the Yuan soldiers on the rugged other side.

Although the wooden bridge was demolished, it was a major traffic artery. Considering the needs of the people in the past after the war, Wen Tianxiang deliberately left a lot of gold and silver for local reconstruction. When he passed Meizikeng Village at the foot of Daoling Mountain with his own military forces, the people heard the news and took the initiative to remove the door panels and desktops at home, paving a temporary bridge. Wen Tianxiang was so grateful that he named the bridge "Dayi Bridge" on the spot and later generations also called it "Daiyu Bridge".

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1582), a solid stone arch bridge was built in Dashexi, and a spectacular pavilion was built at the bridge head to commemorate Xin Gong Wen Tianxiang. There are beautiful inscriptions on the three stone tablets erected.

Legend has it that Lin Xiyan (Lin Tai), a famous local scholar, wrote a poem named "Crossing the Bridge" in memory of Wen Tianxiang, a national hero of "Geng Guang Gua Beidou":

When the Prime Minister crossed the East Bridge,

War horses roared past on the road.

The world will always remain a hero.

A century-old weeping hero.

The sad monument is still there,

Cold mountains look at the sky.

It's hard to look back,

Cold smoke withering grass sunset red.

This solemn and stirring poem expresses the infinite nostalgia and admiration for Wen Tianxiang by later generations.

1880, Li Hongzhang recruited talents for the construction of Beiyang Navy. Because Deng Shichang "is familiar with management affairs and is a hard-won talent in the navy", he was transferred to the Beiyang subordinate, and served as the management belt of the mosquito gunboats Feiting and Zhennan successively. In the winter of the same year, the two cruisers "Yangwei" and "Chaoyong" ordered by Beiyang in Britain were completed, and more than 200 officers and men of Ding Shui Division went to Britain to pick up the ship, followed by Deng Shichang. 188111arrived at dagukou safely. This is the first time that China Navy has completed the route of North Atlantic-Mediterranean-Suez Canal-Indian Ocean-Western Pacific, which has greatly enhanced China's international influence. Deng Shichang was awarded the brave name of "Boyong Batulu" by the Qing court and was appointed as.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/887, Deng Shichang led a team to Britain to receive the four cruisers Zhiyuan, Jingyuan, Jingyuan and Laiyuan ordered by the Qing government from Yingde, and returned home at the end of the year. On the way home, Deng Shichang arranged a fleet exercise along his disciples. He was promoted to deputy general because of his meritorious service in receiving the ship, and was awarded the title of "Zhiyuan" ship management belt general soldier. 1888, Deng Shichang was appointed company commander and added as prefect. 10, Beiyang navy formally became an army, and Deng Shichang was promoted to be the lieutenant of Zhong Jun Zhongying. 189 1 year, Li Hongzhang inspected Beiyang Navy, and Deng Shichang was awarded the honorary title of "Gersa Batulu" for his outstanding training.

1September, 894 17 In the Dadonggou naval battle, Deng Shichang commanded Zhiyuan Ship to fight bravely. Later, under the siege of Japanese ships, Zhiyuan ship was injured in many places, the whole ship caught fire and the hull tilted. Deng Shichang encouraged the officers and men of the whole ship to say, "Our generation joined the army to defend our country and put life and death at risk. Today, there is only death! " "Japanese warships rely entirely on Yoshino. If it sinks, it will be enough to catch my breath and succeed." It resolutely sailed into the starboard side of the Japanese capital ship "Yoshino" at full speed, determined to end up with the enemy. The officers and men of the Japanese ship were shocked and concentrated their fire on the Zhiyuan ship. Unfortunately, a shell hit the torpedo tube of Zhiyuan ship, and the torpedo in the tube exploded and Zhiyuan ship sank. After Deng Shichang fell into the sea, his entourage rescued him with a lifebuoy. He refused, saying, "I am determined to kill the enemy and serve the country. Now that I am dead in the sea, I am just. Why should I live! " The pet dog Sun swam to him, grabbed his arm and saved him. Deng Shichang vowed to share life and death with warships, and resolutely put the dog's head into the water. He also sank in the waves and died heroically with more than 250 officers and men of the whole ship.