Reading the Book of Songs

(1) has: auxiliary words. Come: refers to those who come to sacrifice. Yong (yōng) Yong: The appearance is harmonious.

(2) Arrival: Arrival. Su Su: Serious and respectful.

(3) stage: help. This refers to people who help sacrifice. V: Yes. Bi Gong: It refers to princes.

(4) Jiang Mumu: Rong Zhi is upright and upright.

I (w) wowed. Recommendation: Offer. It's huge. Stem: refers to male animals such as bulls.

[6] stage: help. Yu: Zhou claimed to be human. Sacrifice: Show sacrifice and sacrifice. Fourth, show.

(7) false: big. Imperial examination: a good name for a dead father.

Sui: Ann, make it move with love. To the dutiful son: The priest calls himself.

(9) Xuanzhe: wise and wise. Character: Kerwin Chen.

⑽ After: the monarch.

⑾ Yan: Ann. It means that the people of Guozhi Zhou are safe, and there is no disaster in the sky.

⑿ Ke: Yes. Chang: Prosperity. Later: later, referring to descendants.

[13] Sui: An. It's the same as "La (lài)". Here. Longevity of eyebrows: longevity.

[14] Jay: Help and protection. Brahma (zhǐ): What a blessing.

⒂ Right: By "⒙", it means the right to eat and drink. When you say "bless", you mean to be blessed. Lie Kao: My late father's good name. Strong, say its advantages. Speaking of light.

Initial: refers to a virtuous mother. I thought it meant Princess Tess of Zhou Wenwang.

The poem "Yong" comes from "Song of Zhou", which is a musical song sung by the emperor of Zhou Dynasty when he withdrew his sacrifice after the ancestor worship ceremony. Liu Xiang of Han Dynasty believed that this poem should be written in Zhou Wuwang period. Zhu decided that this poem was a musical song sung during the sacrifice.

The poem "Yong" has only one chapter and sixteen sentences. Its main contents are as follows

(1) Rong Zhi describing the monarch and his subjects. The first four sentences in the poem use "Yong Yong", "Su Su" and "Mu Mu" to describe the appearance of princes and princes coming and going, and the solemn expression of the long-awaited son of heaven, which is very vivid.

(2) Describe the behavior of the princes and nobles who sacrificed with the emperor. The fifth and sixth sentences in the poem describe that after the sacrifice began, the Emperor of Heaven and the vassals who helped the sacrifice put a fat cow as a sacrifice.

(3) Praise the virtues and achievements of the late king. The seventh to tenth sentences in the poem praise the former Wang Daguang, which can appease the filial son's heart, and the princes can be literate, martial and virtuous, and can protect their country for a long time.

(4) Pray for the blessing and well-being of the late king. The last six sentences in the poem are the main sacrifices of the emperor. After singing the carol, they pray for the ancestors to bless the health and longevity of future generations. The last two sentences are: After the request of the son of heaven, please the king and queen mother to enjoy this rich sacrifice.

The sacrificial scene in this poem is shared by parents, so there is such a poem as "both right and right initials" in the poem. However, the foil function of "faithful mother" is obvious, which is an inevitable phenomenon in a patriarchal society. The whole poem ends with two sentences: "You hunt and test, and you wander about", which is unique in The Book of Songs and Zhou Song. When the emperor offered sacrifices, he once again advised his parents to enjoy the sacrifices, which also showed that the sacrifices were coming to an end and were about to be withdrawn. At the same time, it also shows that this poem is a musical song sung when the sacrifice is removed.

Another important content mentioned in this poem is that the princes help sacrifice. The princes of the vassal States, as the courtiers of the Zhou King, had the obligation to help when there were important affairs in the Zhou Dynasty. This vassal sacrifice is one of them.

Although the Zhou dynasty at that time could not strictly control the whole country like the centralized empire of later generations. However, most of the governors in the world were enfeoffed by the Zhou Dynasty, and they all lived in the Zhou Dynasty voluntarily. Therefore, vassals must fulfill their duties and obligations as courtiers. Governors have many obligations to fulfill. For example, paying tribute to the royal family according to the rules of etiquette, leading troops to be diligent in war or rebellion, or conquering on behalf of the emperor and helping him build a city. , are substantive duties and obligations.

Some of the duties and obligations of the governor are ceremonial, such as the governor's sacrifice mentioned in this poem. For emperors and generals, this is actually a face project. But the governors didn't come empty-handed, so they must bring some local products to the emperor. Of course, after the ancestor worship ceremony is completed, the governors and officials who participated in the sacrifice will be rewarded, so that the governors will not suffer. Therefore, even if the influence of the Zhou royal family declined later, the princes were happy to participate in scenes and face projects such as sacrifices.