Speed and Passion 3 Tokyo Drift

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GT-R (Skyline) In Fast and Furious 2, the protagonist opens the curtain.

GT-R, also known as skyline, has existed since 1960s. Because of its excellent performance, it won many championships in many competitions, which led to the production of many improved models, all of which used rb26dett engine.

If the title of Japanese God of War is unique, then Skyline GT-R is unique. There are too many myths about Skyline GT-R. The most pleasant thing is that Hasegami drives a red and white RGT-R, running wildly on the runway and looking out at the eastern ocean. It is said that this speed makes it difficult for photographers of the contest to find strange sights. Although it is a bit exaggerated, all this shows that fans have a deep complex for GT-R.

However, for performance enthusiasts all over the world, the discontinuation of GT-R is a pity. People are waiting for Nissan to put the skyline

The myth continues. In 2004, Japan cancelled the horsepower ceiling of 280ps, which is undoubtedly very good news for GT-R, and not only GT-R, Mitsubishi EVO and other future versions of the models will have a maximum horsepower of about 350ps.

The origin of GT-R can be traced back to the 1960s. The re-listing of 1989 R32 announced the revival of GTR, and then R33 and R34 models with stronger performance were introduced, equipped with a 2.6-liter in-line 6-cylinder DOHC turbocharged engine (280ps horsepower from the original factory, which can exceed 400ps after modification). Coupled with Nissan's representative ATTESA E-TS four-wheel drive system, the combat effectiveness was very strong. The ATTESA E-TS four-wheel drive system is monitored by a computer, and the engine torque is distributed to the four tires in the best proportion, so as to obtain the highest speed and the best grounding. No matter whether it is straight or curved, it has performed equally well, defeating famous European runners in GT events many times. This made Europeans very unhappy, so the top management of the competition Committee had to introduce some new policies to suppress GT-R's limelight. The R34 introduced by Nissan at 1999 is the latest model of GT-R, and many details have been modified around the performance improvement. Therefore, the combat effectiveness of the whole vehicle has been improved more finely.

The development history of Skyline GT-R;

Around February GT-R Generation 1969

From 1969 to 1972, he set an unbeaten record of 50 games, so he became the god of war in the eyes of performance fans.

Model PGC10&; KPGC 10 (two-door version)

Engine 1989CC inline 6-cylinder DOHC naturally aspirated engine

Maximum horsepower 160 horse.

The maximum torque is180n.m.

Drive system FR

GT-R ii 1973 65438+ 10 went on the market.

The appearance is the same as before, and the front and rear four-wheel lights are designed, but the power unit is basically unchanged because the body is greatly increased. The poor ratio of horsepower to weight has become the main reason for its failure on the track. Coupled with the oil crisis, the demand for performance cars declined, so production was stopped.

Model KPGC 1 10

Engine S20 2.0L engine (same as the first generation GT-R)

Drive system FR

GT-R 3rd generation1989 went on sale in August.

Inherited the lineage of Nissan's famous racing series SKYLINE, and won the reputation of "invincible god of war" and "king of roads" with the latest technology, so R32 is the purest version of GT-R series. In the initial d, Zhongli No.1 means to drive.

Model BNR32

Engine RB26DETT 2568cc twinturbo

Maximum horsepower 280 (maximum horsepower in Japan)

The maximum torque is 360N.m

Drive system 4WD

GT-R32' s power matching made it possible to say that no one could compete at that time, so it returned to the position of king on the track. For example, Japan won 29 consecutive victories. The sales volume of 43934 is indeed a good performance for a Japanese sports car with pure performance trend, and the third generation is also the best-selling generation of GTR series models.

GTR IV 1995 1 was launched in1October.

Model BNR33

Engine RB26DETT 2568cc twinturbo

Maximum horsepower 280 (maximum horsepower in Japan)

The maximum torque is 375N.m (the torque is increased by 15N.m).

Drive system 4WD

GT-R33 has made progress in all aspects, but in terms of overall combat effectiveness, it is actually not as good as the previous generation GT-R32. More convincingly, the four generations of GTR made compromises and concessions for the performance of market sales.

GTR 5th Generation 1999 65438+ 10 went on the market.

Model BNR34

Engine RB26DETT 2568cc twinturbo

Maximum horsepower 280 (maximum horsepower in Japan)

The maximum torque is 400N.m (the torque is 25N.m higher than that of the old model).

Drive system 4WD

At present, the latest version of this series has made many modifications in performance, making Nissan Skyline GT-R more famous and one of the super cool sports cars that performance fans dream of. It has been discontinued at present.

There have been 50 consecutive victories and unbeaten records, as well as five JTCC championships. 1990 Skyne This year, BNR32 GT-R not only won the championship of Group A and Group N in Japan, but also won 29 championships in JTCC, and Group N won the second and third place in the 24-hour endurance race in Lieman, Belgium.

Japanese driver Hasemi Changhong drove the Nissan Skyline GTR (R32) with more than 600 horsepower to challenge the BMW M3, which was then known as the DTM class of Formula One RV. DTM-sized racing cars allow more modifications, such as lightweight body parts, titanium alloy pistons and connecting rods, and ABS anti-lock braking system specially designed for competition, while GTR only belongs to the lower A level, and many configurations are geared to street cars. At that time, BMW sent the top drivers in Europe. BMW has fought in the East for many years. Drivers and teams have a lot of track data about the East, and chariots are carefully trained to run around the East, so they simply look down on GTR. . . . However, the result was that GTR broke the previous record in 2 minutes and 32 seconds, which was at least 10 second faster than any RV racing car at that time. It was a super work at that time! Foreign teams have always wondered how this group of cars with a streamlined appearance and only 2600CC can have such great power. GTR shocked the car world at that time, and European cars no longer dared to look down on GTR. GTR also sent a car to participate in the European Group A touring car race, and defeated the SIERRA Bosch RS500, which dominated the car world at that time, with weapons such as twin turbocharging, four-wheel drive, four-wheel steering and air kit. The world began to pay attention to GTR, especially FIA. In the 9 1 East Wang Yang racing car, the FIA suddenly informed GTR to carry100kg extra two days before the race! How unfair this is! Obviously, the cars in Group A are100kg more than the high-level DTM cars, but the FIA is afraid that GTR is too strong and powerful to win the championship again. Theoretically, the engine horsepower of GTR team can offset the load of 100kg, but the forcing spring can't stand it. Because there is no way to get a harder spring series in time, the chance of winning is greatly reduced. Although it was humiliating in the end, it was only the third place, but in everyone's critical eyes, who was the real champion, and the title of "God of War" was spread from this time. The FIA is very excited to see Nissan's GTR become the focus, and no European automaker can fight back against them. In the end, they had to modify the rules of the competition and stopped holding Group A competition in 1994, which forced GTR to never have the opportunity to participate in international large-scale events again. After Nissan racing, they had to focus on GTR Super Endurance and JGTC.

Japan's N-Group Super Endurance Competition, Nissan dominates the world, R32 R33 and R34 are the big winners in all events. Even if Mitsubishi introduces the 3000CCTWIN TURBO four-wheel steering GTO, Toyota's SUPRA (known as the Japanese Hercules sports car, 3000CC production car with 3600 rpm torque of 46 kg and 4600 rpm of 280 horses) wants to challenge GTR with the advantage of being 400CC larger than GTR Rb 26 dett engine. Unfortunately, GTO is relatively heavy, and its V6TWIN turbine engine is too big to pose a threat to the mature GTR R32. Although he was brave in the straight, he failed to catch up with GTR because of his slow control on the big car body detour. Later, GTO and SUPRA slowly withdrew from the N 1 Super Endurance Race, making GTR the only car in the first group of Super Endurance Race. Whether it is GTR, R32 to R34, it has won the super endurance races for ten consecutive years, which also proves that Nissan Skyline GTR is the most successful car developed in Japan in recent years.

Because each team will only choose GTR in the N 1 Endurance Race, all major refitting companies are focusing on the development of GTR, and all major refitting companies will introduce all kinds of refitting parts, no matter the precision parts of engines, turbochargers, gearbox parts, suspension, body and interior parts, making GTR the most refitted vehicle in history. Gradually, major companies have applied the technology of the stadium to the civil field. The famous top secret 1000 horse GTR and JUN 1000 horse only need 2 seconds 8 from standstill to 100 km, and the GTR of VEILSIDE broke the high-speed record of 346.20 km. Junchao Lemon R III, named "Super Lemon R", has super horsepower of 1000PS/8350rpm and horrible torque of 82.4kgm/6900rpm, creating an amazing speed of 383438+05km/h! Someone even modified the horse of 1500, and GTR has gained the reputation of unlimited modification since then. RB26DETT engine is an inline GTR 6-cylinder 2600CC DOHC 24 flap twin-turbo engine with an X stroke of 86.0x73.7 and a single fuel injection engine speed of 8000 rpm. With large-scale front intercooler, six-bar throttle, inner gasket Valelift and every precise part, it has reached the competition level of Japan Group A, making its engine the longest developed engine in Japan. . In addition, GTR is also equipped with ATTESA E-TSAWD (four-wheel drive), super HICAS 4WS (four-wheel steering), diffuser (aerodynamic kit), on-board display computer (which can display G force, temperature and multiple functions) and other functions, which embodies Nissan's highest technology. Although the RB engine has been slowly retired in JGTC GT500 group, the reason for retiring is that the heat dissipation of the central cylinder is a problem, and the in-line design inevitably affects the weight distribution of the whole vehicle, making the center of gravity of the car lean forward. Now it is replaced by VQ engine, one of the world 10 engines. Its size can make the car body achieve better weight distribution and handling layout in the front center. The laser polished cylinder makes the engine run more smoothly.

The name of the skyline car series is like thunder for players who love performance cars, and the performance version GT-R in the car series is the "miracle" that any performance fan dreams of! Not to mention BNR34, the commander-in-chief of all Japanese performance cars, even BNR32 with a history of more than 10 is still the object that fans from all over the world are scrambling to buy. I believe there are not a few friends who like GT-R cars in China, but there is no Chinese article that systematically introduces this GT-R car series called "the fastest myth in Japan". GT-R series has always been a high-performance version based on the skyline, so understanding GT-R should start with the birth of the skyline automobile series.

1957, the skyline was born in a car factory named "Prince". It was acquired by Nissan in 1969 due to poor management of the car factory. In order to compete with Toyota, Nissan, which acquired Prince, urgently needs several models with the same appearance and outstanding performance to enhance its brand value and market share. As a result, SKYLINE and SLIVIA, which have been shelved since the reorganization, were officially approved for production. Glory road of GT-R series starts here.

First generation skyline, factory number R27. From now on, the shape of the front of the car is still very tasty. The side is also set off by the irregular waistline, creating a muscular whole body. Water-cooled engine with displacement of1989cl, maximum horsepower 160 horsepower /7000 rpm, maximum torque 18.0kg-m/5600 rpm. At that time, it was a best-selling model known for its performance. The shape of the rear of the car is a bit dull. The powerful front shape and the smooth feeling brought by the beautiful waistline feel that the rear of the car seems to be broken at once, while the rear bumper that looks ridiculous seems to have been knocked on the car body abruptly, which is extremely out of harmony with the lines of the whole car. The taillight is simple in shape and has no visual effect. From the appearance, R27 is anticlimactic. Failure lies in the avant-garde front, and the body and the mediocre rear cannot be connected.

Just one year later, influenced by the enthusiastic return of the market, Nissan launched the two-door sports version R27 equipped with aerodynamic suite, and officially named it GT-R. This is the birth of GT-R. As soon as the car was born, it was snapped up with its beautiful appearance and strong performance, which also realized Nissan's original intention of establishing a brand image and occupying market share. This year, GT-R, as a representative of Nissan, participated in the Japan GT Competition and won the first championship for Nissan. After that, GT-R miraculously created a 50-game winning streak, and the myth of GT-R unbeaten was born. After seeing the success of Skyline as a four-door RV and a two-door sports car, other manufacturers began to improve the performance of their models, but they still did not jump out of the old box in appearance.

When they were still studying the appearance of the new car to please the buyers, Nissan attacked again at 1973, and the launch of R28 can be said to have set off a whirlwind in the Japanese car industry at that time. Leading design once again helped Nissan. This R28 now looks very similar to the aston martin Conquest. It looked like a dream car 30 years ago. The popular double round lamp design, racing car-like oil inlet, long front, full body, smooth rear and good performance, but due to the oil crisis at that time, the limited production of 197 vehicles came to an end! Therefore, it is also called an ultra-rare car by fans in Japan, and it has become the object of chasing and collecting TFQh.

R29 introduced by 1975 is an important link in the development history of the GT-R car series of the skyline. Because on R29, the rectangular headlight design and the four-circle taillight group design that have been used up to now are adopted for the first time. The four-door RV version will be launched first, and the two-door sports version GT-R will be launched immediately after reaching a certain sales volume. This is a neglected generation of GT-R, because the production capacity is only over 4,000 units. Personally, I think the future development direction of GT-R will start with R29. At the same time, because the output is too small, it is not a successful product, but only a small attempt to change the model. However, the good times did not last long. 1973, Nissan was forced to stop the production of GT-R due to the shock wave caused by the crisis of Japanese automobile industry in the late 1970s, and a series of regulations that were extremely unfavorable to the performance vehicles such as the Skyline GT-R, such as emission regulations and horsepower regulations implemented in Japan from the late 1970s to the early 1990s. Therefore, the R30 and R3 1 that were later introduced did not sell two sports models, namely GT-R models, but only sold Skyline (four-door RV) models in the market. Due to the mediocre appearance, the market response is not good. (But R30 and R3 1 can also be seen in China, and it seems that the output is not too small. At that time, many fans thought that the glory of GT-R was over.

In the early 1980s, Nissan finally announced an exciting news: Nissan will resume the production of GT-R cars in the near future. 16 years later, the long-lost third-generation brand-new GT-R finally went on the market on August 2 1, 1989, with the factory number BNR32. The new GT-R that people are waiting for can't be perfunctory, and Nissan also hopes to regain its glory in performance cars. Externally, the new car adopts the combination of rectangular headlights and four-round taillights that R29 continues. Considering the wind resistance, the model is also streamlined. Original aerodynamic kit, beautiful and extremely practical. R32 adopts a brand-new in-line six-cylinder twin-turbo engine, namely the famous RB26DETT, with a unique electronically controlled four-wheel drive chassis and separable torque. The maximum horsepower is 280, which is the upper limit set by Japan. Equipped with a 5-speed manual gear, 0- 100KM/H accelerates by 5. 1 s. After the new car went on the market, the market reaction was almost crazy, and the sales volume reached a record 43 thousand. I believe that fans who have seen the Japanese cartoon "Initial D" can understand that when Ying Zhongli drove BNR32 in Qiushan Road that night, the envious eyes and countless praises of the audience proved the prestige of this new era GT-R.

After the success of BNR32, six years later, in March of 1995, Nissan introduced the fourth generation GT-R with the number BNR33. The RB26DETT inline six-cylinder twin-turbo engine originally used in BNR32 model is still adopted. Although the newly adjusted RB26 horsepower is slightly reduced to 276 horsepower, the output is faster. The appearance has not changed much compared with BNR32. However, I don't know if Nissan was carried away by the great success of BNR32. There was a rare failure of GT-R on BNR33, that is, BNR33 chose the chassis of the luxury RV "Duke" of the same factory! A racing car that regards the handling performance as its life actually adopts the chassis of an RV, and the handling performance can be imagined. No matter how potential the engine has, it will be offset by the inherent deficiency of the chassis. Therefore, BNR33 suffered a huge failure in the market, and its sales volume dropped sharply to more than 65,438+06,000 vehicles. NISMO, the Nissan Royal Refit Factory, also admitted that the chassis of this car made our efforts on the RB26 engine go up in flames.

From the bitter experience, after the failure of BNR33, Nissan understood a truth: no one will look for comfort on GT-R, what they need is sharp appearance, agile acceleration and sharp control.

With this belief, Nissan's engineers finally developed the most successful model in the history of GT-R cars-BNR 34 in May 1998! From the appearance, Nissan has completely walked out of the shadow of R33 failure, and the shape of the new car is extremely biting. The huge air intake grille at the front of the car, deformed crystal diamond xenon headlights, 19-inch six-spoke wheel hub, exposed golden BREMBO brake calipers with giant ventilated drilled brake discs, a large tail wing that is more eye-catching than Mitsubishi Lan Se EVO series, and a combination of four-round taillights with high lighting all reveal the same message-the Japanese God of War is back! In terms of manipulation, Nissan designers' experience and lessons on BNR33 made them pay special attention to the manipulation of BNR34. In addition to continuing to use the electronically controlled four-wheel drive chassis that can automatically distribute torque according to the degree of tire adhesion, an active four-wheel steering system is also introduced. This system can make the rear wheel turn correspondingly according to the steering angle of the front wheel when the front wheel makes a large-scale steering action, and the result is that it can turn at a sharper angle. In terms of power, Nissan offers three engines to choose from. These three NEO inline six-cylinder engines are also equipped with the famous "NICS" (two-stage variable length intake manifold system) and "NVCS" (variable valve timing mechanism), so that the engine can perform perfectly in all speed ranges. From the start of the 2L naturally aspirated engine (RB20DE), the excellent fuel-air mixture ratio is controlled by computer, and with the concave piston design, the mixture forms a special vortex when it enters the cylinder ... so as to realize stratified combustion, improve combustion efficiency and achieve the purpose of lean combustion. The maximum output power of the engine is 150ps/6400rpm and19.0kgm.. The 2.5L naturally aspirated engine (RB25DE) can give full play to the maximum output of 200ps/6000rpm and 26.0kgm/4000pm. This engine emphasizes the demand of "LEV" (low emission vehicle), with low emission and low pollution. The newly developed catalytic converter can effectively suppress the exhaust gas emission and make carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides discharged. As Nissan's top sports car, the power performance is good! The highlight is the 2.5L turbocharged engine (RB25DET), which is the strongest heart carried by the R34 skyline, with a maximum output of 280 PS/6400 rpm and 35.0 KGM/3200 rpm! Such data is far superior to the output of R33. The engine of GT-R R34 is still Nissan's magic weapon-inline six-cylinder twin-turbo (RB26DETT), with a displacement of 2.6L and twin-turbo. The maximum output is 280ps/6800rpm and the maximum torque is 40.0kgm/4400rpm. Why is it called a magic weapon? It seems to have unlimited modification potential. Since 1969, GT-R has always appeared in the arena in an invincible posture, and it is still the case today.

However, in recent years, several major defects of GT-R have gradually emerged: 1. Vehicle weight problem: This problem has always been the biggest problem that puzzles Nissan refit manufacturers and racers. Compared with its biggest competitors, Toyota SUPRA and Honda NSX, GT-R weighs 65,438+000 kg and 65,438+030 kg respectively. In the racing factory, the lightweight of 1 kg is related to the victory or defeat. As you can imagine, GT-R is competing with its competitors with much burden. Because the car body is overweight, it will have a great negative impact on fuel consumption, horsepower consumption, corner control and brake system loss. If it weren't for a stable engine and a chassis with excellent handling performance, the glory of GT-R might have disappeared. Therefore, the car weight is the key reason why GT-R's winning advantage is getting weaker and weaker in recent years. 2. Wind resistance: In fact, strictly speaking, GT-R and SUPRA and NSX are not rivals of the same level. Because the latter is a self-developed model, GT-R is a performance version based on the skyline. However, Nissan's exclusive performance car 300ZX has become an irresistible fighter because of the same chassis problem as BNR33. Nissan can only fight GT-R, which has caused the embarrassing situation that GT-R encounters the wind resistance of racing car in the shape of RV. The shape of the accessory car can't be changed, so the wind resistance problem is the second biggest problem faced by GT-R.3. Emission problem: From 2003, Japan will implement new emission regulations, and make special provisions on the emission problem of large-displacement and high-power engines. Therefore, the current performance cars in Japan, such as GT-R, SUPRA, NSX, 300ZX, GTO, etc. , will face the doom of production suspension because it can't pass the test. Nissan doesn't want performance fans all over the world to lose GT-R again, and hopes that GT-R can get rid of the shackles mentioned above. It has completely become an impeccable "Japan's fastest myth."

Finally, Nissan made a big move. In the summer of 200 1 year, Nissan released a brand-new skyline with the factory number of V35, and the engine adopted the newly developed VQ35DETT engine. However, this new car has puzzled fans all over the world who are looking forward to a new generation of GT-R. The shape of the car body is not like a performance car. The higher height and longer wheelbase make the new car have no superb sportiness, so it is a good car as an RV. The most important point is that the combination of rectangular headlights and four-round taillights, the soul of GT-R cars, disappeared without a trace on the new models. Fans are angry and think that this is Nissan's second defeat since BNR33, which is an unacceptable mistake. The summer of 200 1 is particularly hot for GT-R fans, and Nissan is constantly releasing various limited editions of R34 GT-R, creating an out-of-print collection posture.

200 1 Nissan booth of Tokyo Auto Show, Japan. A news that shocked the world came out: GT-R officially broke away from the skyline car series and became an independent car series. On the Nissan booth, the R35 concept car, the orthodox successor of R34 GT-R, was displayed. From the sadness of fans when New Horizon was launched to the ecstasy when R35 CONCPET was released, the development of GT-R touched many people's hearts ~ ~ ~ ~ Nothing wrong! Strong body, simple lines, aggressive momentum and familiar and friendly four-ring light group, plus the nameplate on the steering wheel to prove blood, GT-R is back! From then on, GT-R no longer has to endure the constraints of the skyline, and can independently develop its own low wind resistance body lines, using lightweight material body and flexible chassis. There is also a new 7-speed manual gear that has been confirmed and will be installed on R35. Some fans think that the shape of the new car is too round and loses the dignity of the God of War, but as mentioned above, the rigid body shape has brought too much burden to GT-R, which is also the most obvious change for GT-R to break through the constraints of the skyline.