Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - Introduction to photography? Can't I adjust the parameters if I buy a SLR? Just click on it.

Introduction to photography? Can't I adjust the parameters if I buy a SLR? Just click on it.

Two days ago, the male ticket bought me a new lens, and I was very happy. Then he reminded me that he was the main person who used this lens. If he wants to shoot me, I have to teach him how to shoot. Hmm! ! ! That makes sense. In order to teach him, I specially wrote this article, and by the way, I benefited the little cute people with idle cameras.

Introduction This article is very simple and popular, and it is written for beginners. The main contents are common parameters: aperture, shutter, ISO, focal length, focusing distance, shooting mode Av/Tv. If you know all these things by heart, you can forward them to friends in need ~ Then, if you are a Taoist friend, keep reading!

Must-see: the imaging principle of camera

I don't know what a camera is and what parameters to adjust.

Simply put, the imaging principle of a camera is that an object reflects light, forms an image on the photosensitive material of the camera, and then is recorded by the camera. So you can understand that a camera is a container for collecting and recording light. There are two elements (aperture, shutter, etc. ) is used to collect the light in the image, and the sensitivity value ISO is the value that affects the recording light.

hole

Used to control the amount of light entering the camera. The f value is used to indicate the aperture size. The smaller the f value of the aperture, the larger the aperture (indicating the larger the aperture, see figure).

F 1.2, f 1.4, f 1.8, f2 and so on are all common large apertures. The larger the aperture, the greater the amount of light, the brighter the picture, and the better the blur effect. When actually taking pictures, if the picture is too dark, you can try to adjust the aperture, for example, from f5.6 to f2, so as to achieve a good sense of transparency and blur effect. The following is a picture with the same other parameters, but the aperture has changed. Figure f2 is on the left and Figure f5.6 is on the right. Feel for yourself.

shutter

Controls the length of light entering the camera. The slower the shutter speed, the greater the light input and the brighter the picture. For example, 1/60s is twice the exposure of1/25s (is 1/60s slower than1/25s? Ha ha ha ~ don't say you can't figure it out).

In actual shooting, if the picture is too bright, you can adjust the shutter speed faster to reduce the light entering time, for example, from 1/50s to1/20s. Similarly, if the picture is too dark, you can also slow down the shutter speed.

The following is a comparison diagram of shutter speeds of 1/50s and1100s, with other parameters being the same.

But when the shutter speed is too slow, your hands will shake and the photos will be burnt (you need a tripod if you want to shoot the star track or the car track slowly). To avoid burning out, you need a main "safety shutter". Usually it is less than the reciprocal of the focal length. For example, if your focal length is 50, then your safe door closing speed is?

Photosensitive value ISO

Refers to the paper in the camera to record the light sensitivity. Its value is generally100,200,400, or even more than 6400. The higher the value, the brighter the picture and the worse the picture quality, which is why the photos taken at night are full of noise.

It is suggested that ISO should be controlled at 100-400 during daytime shooting. The picture is too dark to be adjusted by aperture and shutter speed.

focal distance

The focal length of the lens determines the imaging size, viewing angle, depth of field and viewing angle of the picture. The shorter the focal length, the larger the viewing angle; The longer the focal length, the smaller the viewing angle, the smaller the depth of field (explained later), and the better the blur. 85mm, 70-200mm and other long focal lengths are suitable for portrait shooting. Here, make a comparison between 18mm and 50mm. Other parameters are the same. It can be seen that the blur of 50 mm is much stronger under the same aperture, while the blur of 18mm has almost no background.

focal distance

The focal length can be simply understood as the distance between the subject and the camera (attention and focus distinction). Other things being equal, the closer the focal length is, the easier it is to get the effect of blurring the background.

This focal length is the best parameter for adjustment. Move with your legs. The parameters of the following two pictures are the same. The picture on the left is taken close to friends, and the grass in the background is blurred obviously.

Aperture priority and shutter priority

In order to ensure the correct exposure of the picture (appropriate brightness), when the shutter is fast, the aperture should be larger; The aperture is smaller when the shutter is slow. Shutter priority (Tv) is to calculate the exposure value by the automatic metering system of the machine, and then automatically determine the aperture according to the shutter speed you choose. Aperture Priority (Av) is to calculate the exposure value by the automatic metering system of the machine, and then automatically determine the number of shutters according to the aperture size you choose. If it is not fully manual (M), the photographer can choose the aperture priority mode to ensure a good blur effect, and it is best to do it manually in the later stage. If the balance aperture and shutter are adjusted according to the actual environment, the effect will be better.

Camera frame

Advantages of Quan Huafu: 1 Quan Huafu's camera can provide better image quality under high ISO; A larger frame can get a shallower depth of field, that is, the blur effect is better; The photos taken by half a camera are equivalent to the cropped version of the whole camera.

depth of field

I mentioned it several times before, but some people may not understand it. Let me explain at the end. Everyone likes to blur the background when taking pictures, and a key word involved here is "depth of field"; When the lens is aimed at the subject, the depth range that can be clearly photographed is called "depth of field". What we often see in the picture below is "shallow depth of field", that is, the clear depth of field is relatively small.

Four keys that affect the "depth of field": aperture, focal length, focusing distance and camera frame. So to take a good portrait photo (that is, to get the effect of shallow depth of field), we need to use as large an aperture as possible, as long a focal length as possible, as close as possible to the model, and use a full-frame camera. Of course, there is no telephoto lens and Quan Huafu, and a large aperture with a 50mm fixed-focus lens also has a good effect. The following is the effect of micro-single (Fuji x-t 1, for girlfriends)+fixed focus lens. I think it can actually meet the daily shooting needs of most people ~

If you want to see more renderings, you can move to this article: Where to dream of returning to Lugu Lake and returning to the daughter country; I must go to Lugu Lake in Lijiang, Yunnan in my life.

All the above are the basic knowledge of using a camera well. I know all this. I'm not worried about not taking good photos. I have to watch patiently ~ I haven't digested it once and collected it again. It's hard to write. If it helps, remember to like forwarding. What? ~