Urgent, what are the specific classifications of film and television pictures?

Classification of TV camera images and their respective functions?

Scenery is an important means of film and television works. The scenery in China's film and television pictures can be roughly divided into the following five types:

(1) visual picture

Foresight has a broad vision and is often used to express the time, environment, scale and atmosphere of an event. For example, the performance of open natural scenery, mass scenes, war scenes and so on. Perspective painting focuses on rendering atmosphere and expressing emotions. In the art of painting, we pay attention to "taking its potential far away and taking its spirit near", which is similar to painting. Generally, the treatment of the prospect map is mainly based on "taking advantage of the situation", and it is not detailed. The subtle movements of the characters are not paid attention to in the vision, and sometimes the characters are dot-shaped, which can not be used to directly depict the characters. However, it can express the emotions of the characters, because the film and television pictures are connected by expressions, and the inner emotions of the characters can be implicitly expressed by connecting them first and then. For example, in the movie One's Experience, sokolov, the hero, escaped from the concentration camp, ran like hell and finally lay in the wheat field. At this time, a close-up shot appeared, which implicitly showed the inner joy of the hero's freedom.

In addition to scale, atmosphere and momentum, vision can also show a certain artistic conception. Long-term picture, more inclusive scenery, longer time. Generally not less than 10 second.

Because of the small frame of TV pictures, some people advocate not using or using vision less. It is right to use less, but there is no way.

(2) Panoramic pictures

Panorama is used to show the whole scene or the whole body movements of characters, and it is used to show the relationship between characters and between people and the environment in TV dramas. The panoramic picture mainly shows the whole body of the characters, with a wide range of activities, clear body shape, dress and identity, and clear environment and props. Usually, they are used as the general viewing angle of the camera when in the shooting room. Panoramic lens is indispensable in TV series, TV special topics and TV news. Most programs use panorama or foreground at the beginning and end. Vision and panorama are also called account shooting.

⑶ Mid shot

The picture stuck at the left and right parts of the knee or below the picture of the local scene becomes the middle picture.

But it is generally not just stuck in the knee, because it is taboo to get stuck in the joint. Such as neck, waist joint, leg joint and foot joint. Compared with the panoramic view, the middle view narrows the scope of the inclusive scenery, and the environment is in a secondary position, with the focus on showing the upper body movements of the characters. The middle scene is a narrative scene. Therefore, the middle shot occupies a large proportion in film and television works. When dealing with the middle scene, we should pay attention to avoid the rigid composition of straight lines, shooting angles and actor scheduling, pay attention to posture and avoid the single rigid composition. Pay attention to the sense of proportion of the scene in the middle of the characters, and don't get stuck in the joints of the legs, but there is no dead frame, so you can master it flexibly according to the content and composition.

(4) Close-up photos

Take pictures of people above the chest, or part of the object becomes close-up. Close-up images are the embodiment of observing people at close range, so close-up images can clearly see the subtle movements of people. It is also a scene of emotional communication between characters. The close-up focuses on the facial expressions of the characters and conveys their inner world. It is the most powerful scene to depict characters. In TV programs, the emotional communication between the host and the audience also uses close shots. This kind of scenery is suitable for the small screen of TV and is widely used in TV camera shooting, so some people say that TV is the art of close-up and close-up. Close-up shooting often leaves a deep impression on the audience.

Because the face of the close-up character is very clear, the facial defects of the character are highlighted in the close-up, which requires careful modeling. Whether it is makeup, clothing or props, it must be very realistic and life-oriented, and there is no flaw.

The environment in the close shot is secondary, and the picture composition should be as simple as possible to avoid the messy background from grabbing the line of sight. Therefore, telephoto lenses are often used to shoot, and the depth of field is small and the background is blurred. Close-up pictures of people, using local characters or props as foreground, can increase the depth, level and line structure of the picture. Close-up characters usually have only one person as the main body of the picture, and other characters are often regarded as companions or foregrounds. The "wedding photo" dual-subject picture is rare in TV series and movies.

5] Close-up

The head with the lower edge of the picture above the shoulders of adults, or the part of other subjects, is called close-up. Close-ups are full of pictures, closer to the audience than close-ups, and the background is secondary or even disappears. Close-ups can show the expression of the figure painting department in detail. There is a special visual feeling that is not common in life. Mainly used to describe the inner activities of characters. Actors convey their inner activities to the audience through their faces, and close-ups can give the audience a strong impression, whether it is characters or other objects. In feature films and TV series, the close-ups of props often contain important dramatic factors. In a montage of paragraphs and sentences, there is a meaning of emphasizing aggravation. For example, take a middle shot of a teacher's lecture and a glass of water on the table. If you take a close-up, it may not be ordinary water.

Close-ups can't be abused because of their strong visual sense. It is necessary to use it properly and accurately to make the finishing touch. Abuse will be boring, but it will weaken the expressive force. Especially the large close-up of the face (including only the five senses) should be used with caution. Television news cameras do not have the task of portraying people, and generally do not use large close-ups of people. In TV news, some cameras are often drawn from close-ups of faces, or from a medal, a flower or a lamp. If used well, it can play a role of emphasis, and if used too much, it will also lead to visual confusion of the audience. If a "condom" is formed, it will be even less clever.