Requirements for the 2nd test of the 4th Little Doctor Earth Junior High School Group

1. Take your hometown as an example, investigate the utilization of any natural resource such as water resources, land resources or certain mineral resources, analyze the problems existing in the utilization, and try to raise questions about these issues own strategies and suggestions.

2. Imagine what new energy sources will be available in our lives in the future. How new energy can provide convenient services for our lives.

Requirements: Clear views, accurate intentions, and reasonable speech. The word count is between 400-600.

(Note: Works can also be submitted in the form of investigation reports, essays, calligraphy and painting, animation, photography, etc.)

Attached is the 2009 award-winning paper

Surviving in Disasters< /p>

Liu Jianfeng, Class 207, No. 1 Middle School, Nanhai District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province

Abstract:

With the continuous activity of human activities, the natural environment has been seriously damaged . We live in a place where nature's ruthless revenge is always at risk. Therefore, how to learn to save ourselves and survive in disasters has become an important subject in our lives and studies.

Keywords:

Earthquakes, floods, typhoons, self-rescue

1. There are signs of earthquakes, and you will be able to save yourself if you remain calm

According to According to the survey, major earthquakes occurred in many places across the country, such as the 1514 Dali earthquake in Yunnan, the 1605 Qiongzhou earthquake in Hainan, the 1786 Nandi earthquake in Kangding, Sichuan, the 1975 Haicheng earthquake in Liaoning, the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Wenchuan earthquake, etc. There are so many disasters and the damage is so heavy. In fact, some disasters can be prevented.

For example, before an earthquake occurs, there will be some warning signs. For example, horses and other livestock will break free from their reins and run wildly; hibernating snakes will rush out of their holes; bees will fly away and flee; dogs will bark, and some domestic animals will break out of the pen and run around; rats will swarm in groups. Moving in groups... These signs can let people know in advance that an earthquake will occur. If these animals are found to have these abnormal phenomena, they must first identify the true and false, and then report to the earthquake bureau so that they can evacuate as soon as possible.

If unfortunately an earthquake occurs, we must also know how to save ourselves:

1. There is an earthquake and you are trapped under the rubble. At this time, do not move blindly. , be calm, take your hands out first, move the rubble slowly, keep your breathing smooth first, then find a way to breathe, and call the people to rescue you.

2. If you are at home when an earthquake occurs, you must immediately take shelter in a small room that is hard and has not collapsed to avoid being injured. Also, you should stick to a solid wall or squat at the door to survive after the house collapses to avoid being injured.

3. If you are in the wild, be sure to avoid steep cliffs to prevent falling down the mountain. There is also the need to prevent landslides to avoid sliding down.

4. In schools, what is needed most during an earthquake is the calmness and decisiveness of school leaders and teachers. In areas with medium- and long-term earthquake forecasts, it is necessary to combine teaching activities to teach students about earthquakes and earthquake prevention and avoidance knowledge. Before the earthquake, it is necessary to arrange the routes and venues for student transfer and evacuation; after the earthquake, calmly direct students to evacuate in an orderly manner.

5. If you are in a public place, avoid lights, glass cabinets, billboards, and air conditioners hanging from the ceiling. Also pay attention to using things to protect your head and obey the command personnel. Command to evacuate the scene.

So far, earthquake prediction is still a difficult problem in the world. Therefore, it is particularly important to be prepared for survival and self-rescue. Of course, there are other natural disasters that are not as inevitable as earthquakes and are sometimes completely controllable.

2. Floods cause great damage, and scientific follow-up work is key

Floods are a highly destructive natural disaster. Its occurrence is the result of the accumulation of disaster energy to a certain extent. Therefore, before the flood arrives, the authorities usually issue advance notice, and we can use this short period of time to make some simple escape preparations.

First of all, when facing floods, we must stay calm and keep a clear mind. Then, we should use our usual self-rescue knowledge to judge the surrounding environment and finally provide emergency rescue.

1. Bring your ID card and other important documents and a small amount of belongings.

2. Build wooden rafts, and collect wooden basins, wooden blocks and other floating materials to process into life-saving equipment in case of emergency. It is difficult to find suitable drinking water when the flood comes, so wooden basins can be used before the flood. Use water containers such as buckets and buckets to store clean drinking water.

3. Prepare medicine and other items; keep various communication facilities that can still be used to maintain good communication and transportation links with the outside world.

When floods arrive, people who are too late to move should quickly move to nearby hillsides, highlands, buildings, flood shelters, etc., or immediately climb onto roofs, high-rise buildings, big trees, high walls, etc. Place to stay temporarily. If the flood continues to rise and it is no longer possible to protect yourself in the temporary shelter, you should make full use of the prepared life-saving equipment to escape, or quickly find some door panels, tables and chairs, wooden beds, large pieces of foam plastic and other buoyant materials to build a raft escape. You should also try to contact the local government flood control department as soon as possible, report your location and danger, and actively seek rescue. It should be noted that you must not swim to escape, do not climb live telephone poles, iron towers, and do not climb to the roof of a mud house.

When you are involved in floods during your escape, be sure to grab something fixed or floating as much as possible and look for opportunities to return to land.

After analyzing the reasons for missing people in floods, it is not difficult to find that on the one hand, the flood flow is large and they are caught off guard. On the other hand, it is also because some people do not understand the water conditions and are involved in dangerous water. Therefore, what you must pay attention to during floods is that you must wait for rescue in a safe area if you do not understand the water conditions.

After the flood, the most important thing is to do a good job in health and epidemic prevention. Because this kind of disaster can bring various germs, thereby affecting the sanitary environment of the disaster-stricken area.

To scientifically and effectively prevent the occurrence and spread of epidemics, we must adapt to local conditions, make appropriate plans, and carry out work effectively. In addition, we can take the following measures to prevent or control the disease.

1. Disinfect inside and outside the house. Clean up collapsed houses in a timely manner. Before cleaning up garbage, feces, workplaces, etc., clean and disinfect the place. The specific disinfection method is to use bleaching powder or quicklime to splash or spray the flooded areas.

2. Disinfection of drinking water. During floods, water sources are easily contaminated by bacteria, viruses, parasite eggs, and larvae. Drinking such water can easily cause the spread of diseases. The disinfection method is to put the drinking water into a jar or bucket, grind the bleach powder into fine pieces, mix it into a paste with water and pour it into the jar, stir it thoroughly, cover it and let it sit for 30 minutes before use.

3. Eliminate mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats and their breeding places, and strengthen management of the catering industry.

4. Due to extensive exposure to water during floods, various skin inflammations often occur. The skin of patients' legs becomes red, swollen and itchy, and in severe cases, red papules and ulcers appear. The prevention and treatment method is to first rinse the affected area with clean water, and then apply dermatitis and other medications.

5. Pay attention to personal hygiene and achieve the "four diligences", "two no's" and "five good".

In addition to the above, we must also focus on the problem of "food poisoning" in the disaster-stricken areas. Do not eat moldy rice or wheat and other foods that can easily cause mycotoxins; do not eat dead livestock and poultry meat and cooked food that is not well refrigerated to prevent bacterial food poisoning; do not eat soy milk, beans or edible beans that have not been fully heated. Bitter almonds, sprouted potatoes, poisonous mushrooms, etc. as these can cause poisonous plant food poisoning.

Finally, how to deal with domestic waste in disaster areas. We all know that domestic waste can breed a large number of various bacteria, and these bacteria often carry some kind of deadly viruses. Therefore, we must pay special attention when dealing with these domestic wastes. Otherwise, serious disease outbreaks may occur in the disaster area.

First of all, we must arrange garbage collection points reasonably and assign dedicated personnel to be responsible for cleaning, transportation, daily production and daily consumption; then transport the garbage out in a timely manner, select a high-lying place for composting, and cover it with plastic film; Some infectious waste can be disposed of by incineration. Once an epidemic is discovered, it should be reported to the authorities immediately so that the spread of the epidemic can be controlled in a timely manner.

Disaster strikes suddenly. Therefore, we should conscientiously master various self-rescue methods in daily life and study, arm our minds with scientific knowledge, treat natural disasters objectively and calmly, always remember to "nip in the bud" and know how to "prepare for a rainy day." Only in this way can we take the initiative when disasters occur and save ourselves and survive in disasters.

References

1. Baidu Encyclopedia

2. State Seismological Administration, Sichuan Earthquake Administration