What is engineering surveying?

The theory, methods and techniques for measuring work in the design, construction and management stages of engineering construction are called "engineering surveying". Engineering surveying is the direct application of surveying and mapping science and technology in the national economy and national defense construction, and is a comprehensive applied surveying and mapping science and technology. According to the process of project construction, engineering measurement can be divided into measurement in the planning and design stage, measurement in the construction stage and measurement in the post-completion operation and management stage. Surveying during the planning and design stage mainly provides topographic data. The method of obtaining topographic data is to conduct ground mapping or aerial photogrammetry based on the established control survey. The main task of measurement during the construction phase is to accurately calibrate the plane position and elevation of each part of the building on site in accordance with the design requirements, as a basis for construction and installation. Generally, it is also required to establish a construction control network first, and then conduct various measurement work according to the requirements of the project. Measurements in the post-completion operation management stage include as-built measurements as well as deformation observation and repair and maintenance to monitor the safety status of the project. According to the types of projects served by engineering survey, it can also be divided into construction engineering survey, line survey, bridge and tunnel survey, mine survey, urban survey and water conservancy engineering survey. In addition, the high-precision positioning and deformation observation of large equipment is also called high-precision engineering surveying; the application of photogrammetry technology to engineering construction is called engineering photogrammetry; and electronic total stations or ground cameras are used as sensors in The measurement system supported by electronic computers is called 3D industrial measurement. Engineering surveying directly serves engineering construction, and its scope of services and applications include various engineering construction departments such as urban construction, geology, railways, transportation, real estate management, water conservancy and electricity, energy, aerospace and national defense. Whether it is measurement work at each stage of the engineering process or measurement work in different projects, it is necessary to select appropriate measurement methods based on error analysis and measurement adjustment theory, and process and analyze the measurement results. In other words, measurement data processing is also Important content of engineering surveying. The development of engineering technology continues to put forward new requirements for surveying work. At the same time, the development of modern science and technology and new surveying and mapping technologies has brought severe challenges and excellent opportunities to engineering surveying that directly serves economic construction. In particular, the development of advanced technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS), Geographic Information System (GIS), Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (RS), and digital surveying and ground surveying have brought about profound changes in the means and methods of engineering surveying.