What are the characteristics of military aerospace systems?

Aerospace technology is one of the six major high-tech fields in the world today. The development of military aerospace technology has led modern warfare to outer space, bringing a revolutionary impact to the international security environment. It has also changed the way of maintaining national security and military struggle. Developing and strengthening military aerospace means is an important part of national defense construction and should attract our great attention. 1. High-tech war calls for military aerospace means 1. War has entered the high-tech era. In recent years, the continuous development of military technology has promoted the emergence of new combat theories, revolutionary high-tech weapons and a new generation of high-quality talents. Judging from the recent outbreak of several local wars, especially the Gulf War, today's war has entered the high-tech era and has the following distinctive characteristics. First, troops generally emphasize dispersed deployment, rapid maneuvering, and local firepower advantages. They strive to attack quickly in tactics, strike continuously in battles, seek quick decisions strategically, and move immediately after success, thus accelerating the pace of war. Second, conventional weapons centered on precision guidance, stealth weapons and high-explosive ammunition have high technological content, can carry out long-range attacks and precise strikes, and have strong damage capabilities to materials and personnel. Third, the battlefield of high-tech warfare has become a "four-dimensional space" based on the three-dimensional space of wide forward direction, large depth and multi-height, penetrating into the electromagnetic field, and the war has developed into an integration of sea, land, air, space and electromagnetic fields. war; there are many types of armed forces participating in the war, and coordination between them is unprecedentedly important. Fourth, high-tech wars are quite intense, and the demand and consumption of manpower, material resources, and financial resources have increased significantly. For example, the 42-day Gulf War consumed nearly 70 billion U.S. dollars; and the war has great demands on reconnaissance, early warning, communications, and meteorology. , surveying and mapping and other support and support capabilities also put forward all-round requirements, making combat support more complex. Fifth, the struggle between electronic reconnaissance and counter-reconnaissance, jamming and counter-jamming, and destruction and counter-destruction is unprecedentedly fierce. It has not only become the basic means to seize air and sea control throughout the war, but also has the potential to independently achieve the purpose of the war. Making command and control more difficult. 2. Information needs of high-tech warfare A comprehensive analysis of the above characteristics shows that high-tech warfare relies on all kinds of information as never before. If we want to take the initiative in this kind of war, we must find out in detail the basic situation of the relevant countries and regions in peacetime, and timely monitor and grasp the relevant trends on and off the battlefield during wartime. Specifically, they are as follows: (1) It is necessary to ascertain the distribution of political, military, economic, transportation and other strategic targets of the relevant countries and regions, the configuration of military facilities, the deployment of troops and weapons, etc., so as to judge the military situation and Assess the other party's comprehensive capabilities and provide strategic intelligence to be prepared; (2) Track and verify the development and application of relevant countries' weapons and changes in troop deployment, and provide information on the implementation of international treaties and multilateral and bilateral treaties; (3) ) It is necessary to monitor the military behavior of relevant countries and regions, discover and verify war crimes, provide intelligence on military strategic trends such as war intentions, war operations and surprise attacks against the country, and provide a basis for strategic decision-making; (4) Implement battlefield reconnaissance , monitor relevant enemy targets, identify the strike effects of our own weapons, and provide information required for combat command and strategic attack weapon operations; (5) Transmit strategic and tactical information to relevant decision makers in real time or near real time to implement timely, Accurate command and control to adapt to the fast-paced characteristics of high-tech warfare; (6) Expose the enemy's concealment and camouflage, and test the veracity of our own concealment and camouflage; (7) Respond to wind, cloud, rain, fog, etc. in relevant areas Make accurate actual measurements, processing and forecasts of weather to provide reliable meteorological support for troop operations; (8) Intercept, analyze and process electromagnetic signals from relevant countries and regions, and have certain information warfare capabilities. Only in this way can we cope with the war with ease and do harm to others without harming others. 3. Military aerospace provides new means for high-tech warfare. The successful development of satellite systems such as reconnaissance, surveillance, mapping, meteorology, and communications can provide comprehensive, accurate, and timely strategic and tactical information for high-tech warfare, meeting the above military information needs. It can be satisfied to a certain extent and is developing to a high level. Take the United States' keyhole photo reconnaissance satellite as an example. It flies over the same area of ??the earth several times a day and can take high-definition photos of military facilities, military operations and other targets day and night. It can provide battlefield images from an altitude of 300 kilometers. Its resolution The accuracy reaches 0.1 meters, and it can accurately identify artillery, missiles, tanks, vehicles, machine positions, barracks, and even individual soldiers. It played an important role in the Gulf War. At present, various reconnaissance technologies are still improving, and the resolution of photos is expected to reach centimeter level. By then, it will even be possible to see the facial features of personnel and the buttons on equipment, making the intelligence obtained truly reach the tactical level. It can be said that the widespread application of military aerospace means such as reconnaissance and surveillance, navigation and positioning, observation and early warning, communications, meteorology, and resource detection has provided the "eyes and ears" and "nerves" for improving warfare, making the battlefield of high-tech warfare increasingly transparent. Not only that, the emergence of precision-guided weapons, the establishment of space stations, the successful testing of satellite acquisition technology, etc., are providing flexible and powerful "hands" and "feet" for modern warfare, enabling high-level "space warfare" with both offense and defense. "Become a reality. 2. Development characteristics of world military aerospace technology Since national security is the primary issue faced by all countries, countries around the world, especially several major powers, attach great importance to the military application of aerospace technology.

Judging from the development and application of military aerospace in the world, it has the following obvious characteristics. First, countries generally pay attention to it and invest a lot of money. At present, more than 60 countries in the world have invested in the development of aerospace technology, and their total space funding has exceeded 700 billion US dollars; more than 170 countries and regions are applying various aerospace technology achievements, and try their best to apply these achievements first Military field. Taking the situation in 1992 as an example, the U.S. aerospace funding was US$35.11 billion, of which the Department of Defense’s military aerospace funding was US$21.3 billion, accounting for 61% of the total; Russia faced serious economic difficulties after the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, but that year US$7 billion is still invested in aerospace funding, of which US$1.3 billion is used for military aerospace programs, accounting for 18.6%; the total aerospace investment of ESA's 14 member states in 1992 was US$5.87 billion, of which approximately US$1 billion was used for military aerospace. plan, accounting for 17% of the total. It is worth pointing out that the United States, Russia, Japan and India in the Asia-Pacific region are all major aerospace companies. In 1997 alone, among the 146 various spacecrafts launched into orbit by various countries around the world, 124 belonged to these four countries, accounting for about 90%, which should attract our attention. Second, we should attach great importance to cooperation in technology and strive to be independent in use. Countries have different development stages of aerospace technology, different capital investments, and different technical levels. Therefore, when it comes to the development of military aerospace means, most countries adopt a policy of combining leasing, introduction, cooperative development, and self-development, and emphasize cooperation with other countries. Carry out technical cooperation. At present, a series of military and aerospace technology cooperation agreements have been reached between Germany and India, between the United States and India, between the United States and Russia, between the United States and France, between Britain, France and Germany, between France, Germany, Italy and Spain, and between Russia and India. , in order to develop military and aerospace technologies that are useful to us. Since military aerospace involves national security issues, most countries emphasize independence in the application of aerospace technology. For example, in order to get rid of its quarter-century dependence on the United States' space military reconnaissance methods and "hope that Europe will assume greater responsibility in the field of global space military reconnaissance," Germany decided to jointly develop optical systems with France, Italy, Spain and other countries. and radar reconnaissance satellites, whose essence is to enhance the autonomy of Germany and Europe in the field of strategic reconnaissance. The UK will also build a new generation of independent advanced military communications satellite systems to provide its own troops with more complete strategic and technical communications services. There are countless examples of this.

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