What are the research objects and tasks of surveying and mapping?

The research object of surveying and mapping is the acquisition, processing, description and application of geographical information.

Their tasks include: studying, measuring and describing the shape, size, gravity field, surface morphology and their various changes of the earth, determining the spatial position and attributes of natural and artificial objects and artificial facilities, and making various types of maps (including topographic maps) and the establishment of related information systems. Modern surveying techniques have been partially applied to other planets and the moon.

Extended information:

1. Development status

Different disciplines of surveying and mapping are developing rapidly: the instrument manufacturing industry has produced GPS receivers, Various electromagnetic wave rangefinders, total stations, superstations (measurement robots), etc. for measuring ranges; the operating objects have developed from the conventional surface (the natural surface of the earth, a certain depth range underground) to many aspects.

For example: satellite remote sensing measurement of underground mineral resources; observation of other stars; measurement of physical quantities such as the mass, trajectory, speed of particles; measurement of crime traces applied in reconnaissance (mainly photogrammetry) wait.

Working methods have evolved from manual work to today's automation or semi-automation of rowing, measuring, recording, calculating, and drawing, which has greatly reduced labor intensity, accelerated work speed, and eliminated some intermediate steps. The quality of results has been improved in the homework process; theoretical research has also been improved day by day.

2. Research Branch

1. Engineering Surveying

The planning, design and construction of various economic construction and national defense engineering construction and the completion of some buildings In operation management, certain surveying and mapping data or surveying and mapping methods are needed to guide the progress of the project and monitor the deformation of the building.

These surveying and mapping tasks often require specialized measurement methods based on the requirements of specific projects, and sometimes require specific high precision or the use of special measuring instruments. The branch discipline that studies the theory and technology to solve these problems is engineering surveying.

2. Marine surveying and mapping

Surveying and mapping work carried out in the marine environment is very different from land surveying. For example: surveying work is mainly carried out on ships, and most of them use acoustic or radio methods; therefore, positioning on the sea surface, establishment of seabed control network, surveying of sea surface morphology and seabed topography, marine gravity measurement and chart preparation are all different from those on land. Similar work.

In addition, nautical charts and land maps have different uses. As a result, a specialized discipline was formed in surveying and mapping, called ocean surveying and mapping.

3. Cartography

The result of the mapping process is only the original topographic map or the original nautical map, which also needs to be compiled, polished and printed, or Only by adding certain specialized elements can topographic or nautical maps of various scales and various thematic maps be formed.

To this end, map projection, map compilation, map decoration and map printing must be carried out. The subdiscipline that studies the theories and techniques in this area is called cartography.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Surveying and Mapping