How to choose appropriate parameters to shoot scenery

Lead: I tried many different exposure modes from automatic mode to manual mode, but I didn't really understand the specific parameters and options. How and when to use them is still a problem. Let's take a look!

When shooting landscapes, we began to try different combinations of aperture and shutter speed. However, the relationship among shutter speed, aperture and sensitivity is always difficult to grasp. Many people feel depressed about this problem, because they know exactly what effect they want, and the photos they can get always fall short of their expectations.

For example, when shooting your favorite seascape, we all know that the exposure time should be set longer to make the undulating sea water appear hazy and tulle-like, but under the slow shutter, it is difficult to get the correct exposure soon.

Shutter: 25 aperture: F/ 16.0 sensitivity: 50

The biggest obstacle is the long exposure in manual mode. Because the items to be set are too complicated, I don't know how to balance the aperture, sensitivity and shutter speed, and the desired blur effect.

Shutter: 6 aperture: F/ 16.0 sensitivity: 50

It is very difficult to fully understand exposure. You have to understand how shutter, aperture and sensitivity affect each other and complement each other. If you want to fully grasp the initiative of screen performance, you must understand all this.

The importance of exposure

Shutter: 8 aperture: F/ 16.0 sensitivity: 200

Exposure control is the most basic and important part of the whole photography process. Before pressing the shutter, you must learn to make sure that the final image is as you imagined. Of course, this is a step-by-step learning process, which is very good for a beginner. In the eyes of senior photographers, it may belong to the abandoned scope.

Shutter:110 aperture: F/ 16.0 sensitivity: 50.

Don't be discouraged, your ability to control the final imaging will gradually increase with your efforts. Our ultimate goal is not to become a slave controlled by exposure rules, but to grow into a real photographer on the basis of fully understanding exposure theory and technology.

correct exposure

Shutter: 1/320 aperture: F/3.5 sensitivity: 100.

Simply put, correct exposure? Explain that the exposure result of the negative film is consistent with what you want. ? Overexposure? The exposure is brighter than you expected. Underexposed? The exposure results are darker than you expected.

Shutter: 30 aperture: F/5.6 sensitivity: 100

Please pay attention!

In these three examples, there is no mention of the exposure meter in the camera. In the camera automatic exposure system, whether the exposure is correct or not has nothing to do with the reading of the exposure meter. The exposure value recommended by the exposure meter is only a reading at a specific exposure level, which may or may not be the correct exposure setting.

There is no uniform standard for correct exposure!

Some people like the dark tone of the picture to set off the overall artistic effect; Some people think that good exposure control should be the overall display of the subject and the surrounding environment. In short, as long as the photographer can get the artistic conception and atmosphere he wants by controlling the brightness of the picture, it should be judged as correct exposure.

Shutter: 6 aperture: F/ 1 1.0 sensitivity: 100.

Shutter: 1/800 aperture: F/2.8 sensitivity: 100.

But there are some fixed standards, such as checking whether the highlights and dark details of the picture are lost. A good exposure should fully show the details and texture of the scene, such as the details of snow, the color of grass and the black hair on a black cat.

Factors that determine actual exposure

reciprocal relations

The combination of shutter speed and aperture size can control how much light can pass, and these two factors must be considered at the same time. They all work as gears, and they are interrelated. What do we call them? Reciprocal relationship? .

Shutter: 1/250 aperture: F/7. 1 sensitivity: 320.

Once the total amount of light required for correct exposure can be determined, and any one of shutter speed and aperture size has changed, another value that should be set can be quickly determined according to reciprocity. Under the condition of constant total light input, the change of shutter speed in the first gear is equivalent to the change of aperture size in the opposite direction. That is to say, if one of the shutter and aperture is halved and the other is doubled, the final exposure is the same.

Shutter: 1/80 aperture: F/7. 1 sensitivity: 200.

In addition, the ISO value can also control the exposure. Usually, if the ISO value is increased by one step, the aperture can be decreased by one step, or the shutter can be accelerated by one step, and vice versa. This also needs to be adjusted according to the requirements of the picture effect.

Many people may think that it is easy to adjust the exposure of digital pictures in the later stage, but on the contrary, the exposure latitude of digital cameras is actually very close to the reverse film, with only about five files. It is difficult to recover the details of highlights or dark parts lost in the shooting process in the picture editing software, so early recognition is very important.

Judging by histogram

Shutter: 0.6 aperture: F/8.0 sensitivity: 100

Histogram shows the numerical distribution of hue in the picture, and from left to right shows the numerical value from dark to bright. Dark-tone pictures will see a large number of values piled up on the left side of the histogram, while high-tone pictures will see a large number of values piled up on the right side of the histogram.

Shutter:1160 aperture: F/8.0 sensitivity: 100

The ideal histogram should be a numerical distribution from left to right without any overflow at both ends. If the value displayed on the histogram overflows to the left, it means that the picture is underexposed and some dark details are lost. Conversely, if there is overflow on the right side of the histogram, the picture may be overexposed and the highlights have no details.