I want to learn comics from scratch. How should I start?

I'd like to introduce you to a series of three books (three I know, and my classmates talk a lot) called & gt, which has elementary lectures, basic articles and comparative articles. This book was written by Huang Lin, Matsumoto Yan Gang and Morita Yamaaki. Don't buy it wrong.

There are so many excellent comics and cartoons, in which you can learn expressions, dynamics, scenes and so on, as long as you want to learn. Let's go

Tool 1, paper

Manuscript paper: smooth, white, with certain strength and water absorption, easy to dry after inking, good to the touch, and lint-free after using an eraser. Generally, white paper with specifications of 80- 100g and A4/B5 is selected, and some color papers can be selected when drawing color manuscripts. The paper should not be too thick, otherwise the exposure table will be difficult to expose, which will make it inconvenient to stick the screen. In addition, pay attention to the distinction between the front and back of the paper, and the front texture is smoother. Mesh paper: a transparent plastic net composed of black spots of different sizes. Every screen paper has a number. Of course, different brands of screen paper have different numbers, and their edges have a standard size, and the smallest is in mm. At present, there are three specifications of screen paper: (1)A5 specification -240mm * 175mm- printing area 200 *150mm; (2)A4 size -340mm * 240mm- print area 310mm * 210mm; (3)A3 specification -480mm * 350mm-430mm * 320mm. Absorbent paper: used to wipe the nib and protect the finished product.

Step 2 pencil

Ordinary pencil: Pencils are generally used for typing, neither too hard nor too soft. Too hard will leave scratches on the paper, too soft will easily stain the picture with rubber, so HB-4B is more suitable. HB pencil lead: Many professional painters use Fever-Castilla blue pencil or yellow pencil to type the manuscript, so that there will be no drawn lines when printing, so it is very convenient to erase the manuscript after inking.

rubber

The softer the rubber, the better. See you use it. There are three commonly used types: ordinary type, steel sand type and plastic type. If ordinary rubber turns black after a period of use, it can be rubbed on rough cloth (such as jeans) or paper to remove the dirty parts to ensure the cleanliness of the picture. Wipe off the clothes of colorful characters with steel grit, which can form the effect of tweed cloth! ! ! I don't recommend using plastic A, because it is oily and easy to stain the picture! 4. Ink/ink ink has two kinds: water-soluble and water-insoluble. It is recommended to use water-insoluble ink, such as drawing ink! ! Shanghai carbon ink, ostrich drawing ink, etc. Everything is fine. ) try to use ink well, and don't buy inferior products with insufficient blackness for cheap. Painting ink and ink are both good choices. Dilute the ink slightly when using it, otherwise the ink on the nib will not easily flow down and solidify on the nib. If it's too thin, a big drop of ink will fall off if you force it, which will stain the picture.

Step 5 brush

Different brushes have different effects in the hands of different users. As far as dipping pen is concerned, its lines are changeable, and the paintings drawn are more charming. However, the requirements for users are high, and it takes frequent practice to master it skillfully. You can use your usual pen as a brush, I don't think it's very important! The key is to be comfortable! 1. Pen container: Try to choose a pen container with light weight and short length, which will be more convenient and better to use! 2. Pen tip: The following describes the characteristics of various pen tips: 1)D pen tip-the lines do not change much, which is suitable for drawing the effect lines and intermediate scenes of cartoons. When you use this pen, you will write quickly and cleanly. D pen tip 2)G pen tip-The lines vary greatly, which is suitable for drawing close and soft pictures, as well as natural objects such as trees and rocks. This is the pen type used by most cartoonists, such as Toriyama Akira and Hiroki Tsuzaki. Unfortunately, imported pens are expensive, and you can only buy three pens for more than ten dollars. G nib 3) Round nib-you can draw from the thinnest line to the thickest line, but because it is often used by female cartoonists, the lines are generally slender and soft. 4) Lighthouse 10 1- Domestic nib, similar in shape and line drawing effect to a round pen, economical and practical (no more than 50 cents! ) is used as a substitute for round pens by many domestic authors, but some products are not smooth and wear-resistant. CreditEase has always used this kind of nib. As shown in the figure below. Lighthouse 10 1 5) Lighthouse 426- The nib with water reservoir made in China can be drawn for a long time at a time, but the elasticity is not enough and the line changes little. As shown in the figure below. There is a layer of oil on the newly bought nib of Lighthouse 426. If you don't remove it, the pen tip won't get ink, so you should first remove the oil layer with fire baking or soft paper. Don't dip too much ink each time, but don't exceed 1/2 of the pen tip. If you dip too much ink, you can scrape the water storage surface of the pen tip at the inner neck of the ink bottle and let the ink flow down the bottle wall. If the new nib scratches paper, it can be sharpened slightly on the glass plate. Wash the nib after use, preferably with clear water to keep the water flowing smoothly.

6. Cutting machine

1. Hand knife: a common tool for scraping nets. 2. Net scraper: a special tool for scraping or cutting nets. 3. Screen pressing knife: it is a screen pressing tool with a spoon-shaped head, which is used to press screen paper on a painting.

7. Ruler

1. Ruler: a tool for drawing straight lines or effect lines. 2. Triangular ruler: In addition to drawing straight lines, it can also display different angles. 3. Cloud board: used to draw complex curves (this is a very useful prop. A cartoonist once collected more than 400 cloud boards, each of which is different. 4. Template: Use the hollowed-out part to draw various geometric figures. 8. Other 1. Correction fluid: minute hand pen type or bottle type, used to modify the draft. 2. Eraser: There are many kinds, and you can choose according to your needs. There are three commonly used types: ordinary type, steel sand type and plastic type. 3. Thumbnail: used to fix the draft. 4. Tape: used to fix the draft when copying (note that the viscosity is weak). 5. Coating protective liquid: spray it on the coating to ensure that it will not be polluted. 9. Copy Desk Of course, you can buy a copy desk (also called a writing desk) if you have money. Price: wood: 120- 150 yuan aluminum alloy: around 220! (It seems a little expensive! ! ) I think this is more important! ! ! It's quite useful When drawing a line draft, you can use it to copy a line draft for a few minutes, in case you fail for the first time and don't start from scratch! Those with strong hands-on ability can make one by themselves! Production method: the material is as follows: 1. A piece of glass-above 8K is the best. 2. Two pieces of wood. Many nails 4. A light bulb that connects the wire to the plug-the brighter the better, the longer the wire. Of course, you need a hammer, a saw and other tools. Are you ready? Because everyone has different specific requirements for thorough writing, but I think you will do it. If you are lazy, we can make a temporary writing desk. In fact, we can use plastic foam blocks instead of wood blocks and plastic plates instead of wood boards. In this way, you only need to cut the foam block into the appropriate size with a utility knife, and then stick it on the plastic board with super glue (the disadvantage is that it is not durable and the plastic board will be deformed where the light bulb is placed). If it's still too much trouble, move two stacks of books from the bookcase, one thick and one thin, and then put the glass plate on it. This is the laziest way, but be careful when using glass plates. When it is finished, it is time to learn how to use it. First, use a piece of paper with the same size (white paper on it) to overlap the line draft you want to copy. Step 2: After aligning two pieces of paper, stick the top of them together with adhesive tape (be careful to use low-viscosity adhesive tape to avoid damaging the paper). Then, put the light bulb under the glass and turn it on. Well, the lines of the off-line draft in the white paper will appear clearly. The next thing to do is to carefully describe the main line of the offline draft on white paper. All you need is patience and care.

10. Hand-painted WordPad

Since 2 1 century, digitalization and electronization have impacted the development of society at an alarming speed. At the same time, with its advanced scientific concept and practice, it has won people's love and developed rapidly in society. Comics are no exception. Many cartoonists put down their brushes and began to create more efficient computer paintings. According to statistics, 65% of China's comic works come from computer drawing, and animation design has begun to shift from manual to digital. Comics designed and created by computers can be seen in many places. At present, the most commonly used hardware tool in computer cartoon drawing is drawing board, which can help cartoonists draw cartoons directly with computers and drawing software. The main parameters of graphic tablet are sensing technology, pressure sensing series, writing style, personalized modeling and recognition rate. Among them, the pressure-sensitive series is the key parameter, for example, the nominal pressure-sensitive series of the handwriting board is 5 12, that is to say, the 5 12 series can be distinguished in a slight electromagnetic change of about 5mm by using the force of the stylus tip from touching the handwriting board to pressing100g, and the stylus feeds back this information to the computer, thus forming strokes with different thicknesses. Graphic wordpad can truly reflect the handwriting of input strokes, which is very beneficial to professional CAD/CAM design and art work.

Here are some professional tools. If you are a beginner, you can use some tools when you can formally draw a good work. Of course, the price is also very tangled. .

Drawing tool

Before creating cartoons, we must first understand the basic tools necessary for creating cartoons. Because of the diverse styles of comics, there are also various tools for drawing. Here are just a few common basic drawing tools. When drawing cartoons, you need some special tools besides pencils and erasers. Such as base paper, point paper, ruler, scraper, copying table, etc. Here are some details of these tools:

Pencil:

Mainly used for drafting, mechanical pencil is generally better. You can choose refills with different hardness according to your personal habits. You can also use wooden pencils, such as "Zhonghua" brand, and generally use HB or hard H pen.

Rubber:

Used to erase pencil lines or do special effects on dotted paper. Be sure to use a drawing board that doesn't wrinkle and fluff the paper easily.

Ruler:

Cartoon drawing generally requires three rulers: ruler, triangle ruler and cloud ruler. Rulers are generally used to draw borders and straight lines, followed by triangular rulers to draw parallel lines and right angles, and cloud rulers to draw curves. When buying a ruler, be careful not to buy a right-angled ruler, but to buy an inclined ruler.

Ink:

Where all black is needed, painting with ink is darker and more beautiful than painting with black ink. When drawing black, you should start from the outside, carefully draw the outline along the outline of the painting, and be careful not to go out of bounds. Then, fill the pen with ink and fill the middle part.

Duck-billed pen:

Used to draw a straight line in an ink draft. Draw a straight line with neat edges and uniform thickness. When in use, the duckbill pen can't be dipped in ink directly, but it should be dipped in ink with a dipping pen or a writing brush, and then dripped from the gap of the duckbill pen, and the thickness of the drawn line segment is determined by adjusting the screw at the front end of the pen. When drawing a straight line, the pen is perpendicular to the paper, and the horizontal cable is pulled evenly, not too fast, so as to draw a uniform straight line. Mike pen: It is often used to draw large areas of black or special effects, and can also be used to draw thin lines. Sometimes you can also use colored pens to color the manuscript, which is different from the traditional style manuscript and more avant-garde. Its effect is just like the renderings, and the strokes are obvious, which is not easy for beginners to draw well. There are two kinds of pens: oily and water-based.

Black ink:

Black ink works well when drawing lines, and it dries faster than ink, and it is not easy to be dissolved by water after drying. In addition, black advertising color can also be used to paint black. The advantage is that the black advertising color will not reflect light, and it has a dark feeling, which is convenient for computer scanning. When using, it is forbidden to adjust too much or too little water. White (white) correction: used to correct errors and dirty parts. White can make the picture gorgeous and changeable, and poster color white is often used. When using, pay attention to adjust the concentration. Different concentrations will have different effects. When drawing white or small white dots on the dot paper, dip it in thick white. In addition, drawing light white in the highlights of hair, eyes and clothes can better reflect its texture and three-dimensional sense, and the picture is more layered and aesthetic, while the flying white line drawn at will has the feeling of illumination, which plays the role of "finishing touch".

Writing paper:

Used for sketching. The requirements for paper should be that no matter how many times it is drawn and rubbed repeatedly, it will not lose hair, not be damaged, and the lines dipped in the strokes will not be dizzy. It is best to choose manuscript paper with high cotton content and smooth surface. Generally speaking, the papers commonly used by professional cartoonists are: cartoon special drawing paper or drawing paper, watercolor paper, white cardboard and so on. Dot paper: used for gray tone or other special effects. There are many kinds of patterns on the dot paper, the most commonly used ones are "gray net" and "gradient net", and some "environment net" and "pattern net" can be used together. There are two kinds of dot paper: paper mesh and rubber mesh. Art knife, pen knife and screen pressing knife: usually used for scraping and cutting screens. Art knives are generally used to cut nets, while pen knives are generally used to scrape nets. Skillful use of pen and knife is very important for cartoon making. In addition, due to the limited viscosity of dot paper, we also need to use a screen cutter to firmly stick dot paper to the manuscript paper. If there is no screen cutter, we can also use fingernails instead.

Brush:

You can paint a large area of color, or you can dip it in white to repair the painting. But the white brush must be used separately from other brushes, and the used brush must be cleaned. Drawing pen: Drawing pen is a very slender pen, which is often used to draw uniform borders and lines. The thickness of the drawing pen ranges from 0. 1mm to 2mm, but the commonly used size is 0.6mm to 0.8mm. Because the pen tip of the drawing pen is even in thickness, the drawn lines are not sharp, so it is not suitable for multiple purposes. Because the pen tip of the drawing pen is very thin, it is easy to block the pen tip when the ink is dry, so cover the pen cap in time after use. If the ink doesn't come out when you use it, you can flick it up and down or dip the pen tip in water, which is really bad. Can be soaked in clear water. Dip pen: it is used for inking, but there are many kinds of dip pens, and the thickness and shape of the nib are different. We can choose dipping pens with different thicknesses according to what we draw. G pen tip is very elastic, and can draw lines with different thicknesses according to the strength, especially the thick lines drawn are very smooth, which is most suitable for drawing outlines. The round nib is suitable for drawing very thin lines, but it can also draw thicker lines like the G nib if it is forced, and it can change freely. On the whole, it is thinner than the G pen, so some people only use it to draw details or backgrounds. Pen holder: used for inserting pen tips. Generally, it can be divided into two types: universal pen holder (suitable for G pen, dysprosium pen, student pen, etc. ) and a round pen holder (a round pen suitable for small joints only). Pen tip: mainly includes the following types: G pen: flexible and changeable, with great changes in line thickness, which can draw lines with a sense of cadence and is usually used to draw the main line of characters. Student pen: it has small elasticity, thin lines and basically the same thickness, and is mostly used for drawing backgrounds and effect lines. Pen: The elasticity is smaller than that of G pen and round pen, and the line changes moderately. It is often used to draw the texture of cloth. Because it is not easy to hang paper, it is often used to draw various effect lines. Round pen: great elasticity and great line change. Because the lines are very thin, they are often used to describe details, such as the eyes of the characters and the blond expression. Watercolor: It can be divided into transparent watercolor and opaque watercolor. Acrylic pigment: that is, acrylic pigment. It has the characteristics of watercolor and oil painting at the same time. It can be used directly, or mixed with water like watercolor, or mixed with some additives and coated with a thick layer to create an oil painting effect. Acrylic pigment has the characteristics of fast drying speed, water resistance, strong adhesion and high toughness after drying. It can be used not only on paper, but also on cloth, wood, stone, glass, metal and other materials. Colored pencil: It is used in the same way as a pencil, with long and thin lines, which are mostly used to describe and modify details. It can be divided into water-based colored pens soluble in water and oily colored pens soluble in oily solvents. Color ink: the color is very bright, and it needs to be mixed with water when used, which is especially suitable for mixed color and repeated coloring. It can be divided into quick-drying type and water resistance. Water-resistant color ink will not dissolve after drying. Pastel: a rod-shaped pigment that can be directly colored or cut into powder for use. According to hardness, it can be divided into soft pastel and hard pastel. Pastel is easy to fall off, so it needs to be fixed by spraying protective glue after coloring. Color dot paper: When a certain area in the painting needs a uniform tone, you can use color dot paper. Although there is no rendering and color mixing effect produced by watercolors, markers and other pigments, the finished color draft will be as pleasing to the eye as the original color celluloid painting. Spray gun: It consists of a compressor motor and a hand-held nozzle, which can spray paint evenly in mist. Watercolor, acrylic pigment and colored ink are all acceptable. The common way is to connect the nozzle directly to the compressed gas cylinder, which is not only convenient to use, ideal for painting, but also cheaper.

Automatic word eliminator:

Built-in high-performance micro motor can generate high-frequency vibration through a series of mechanical structures, which can erase small mistakes very cleanly. An automatic eraser can be equipped with rubber plugs for many different purposes and can be used flexibly according to modification. Generally speaking, there will be two button cell, one rubber white, one sand and one yellow. Model doll: a doll that simulates human structure and joints. By moving the doll's head, waist, hands and feet, it can assume various postures. By referring to dolls when painting, you can easily master various human postures such as lowering your head and raising your head. The height of the model doll is about 3 1cm, which is divided into male and female, and the length, size and waist position of the hands and feet are slightly different.

Copy desk:

Because the adhesive tape is divided into paper mesh and plastic mesh, especially the transparency of paper mesh is low, so it is necessary to use a copying table to increase the transparency of the mesh, so that it can be accurate when cutting and pasting the mesh.

Skills of editing this paragraph with drawing tools:

Dip pen, duckbill pen, drawing pen, etc. When drawing a line with a ruler, the inclined plane of the ruler should be downward (if the ruler tool has no inclined plane, a thin object such as a dime or a penny can be pasted under the ruler). Don't soak too much ink in the pen tip, so as to avoid the ink at the joint between the ruler and the pen leaking out of the line and polluting the drawing. If the pen holder is too slippery, you can wind the kite string several times to prevent the hand from slipping. When the painting is accidentally stained, it can be repaired with correction white. When using correction white, pay attention to adding as little water as possible, and cover it after the pigment covered for the first time is completely dried, so as to avoid that the correction white accumulation is too thick to affect the picture effect. If you can't repair the painting by altering it, you can cut a piece of paper slightly larger than the picture to be repaired, stick it on it with glue and redraw the repaired part. Or put a clean manuscript paper under the draft, and then carve out the part that needs to be modified with a knife, so that you can get a piece of paper with the same shape as the modified part, then embed the carved paper on the draft like a jigsaw puzzle, stick it firmly on the back with a slightly larger and thinner paper, and draw the carved part again. When "scraping the net", don't use too much force to avoid scratching the net paper and desktop. When you need to scrape some straight lines, you can use a ruler, but put the blade flat to avoid scratching the ruler. When using a knife, you can also prepare a rubber pad or do this work on the glass of the copy desk. When "sticking the net", you can use a flat bottle to press some paper hard and rotate it to press it tightly. When you need the effect of "pasting nets and overlapping nets", you can use a copying table. Note that when using the copy table, you can choose "frosted" glass as the transparent plate, and the light source of the copy table can choose fluorescent lamp, and try not to use incandescent lamp.

Typing is not easy. If you are satisfied, please adopt it.