What is our national treasure?

The giant panda is our national treasure. The giant panda is one of the most precious animals in the world. Mainly distributed in some mountainous areas of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces in China, the number is very rare. Belonging to the national first-class protected animals, it is called "national treasure".

One-horned rhino

Royal Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal is a mountainous country, which is rich in one-horned rhinoceros, a rare animal in the world. Rhino is the second largest animal on land after elephant. In the international market, a one-horned black rhinoceros is worth 300 million yuan. Its high value is mainly because its horns, teeth, bones and blood are of high medical value and are regarded as treasures by oriental doctors. Rhinoceros horn has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials and cooling blood, and the effect is very obvious. The price of a rhinoceros horn is 6,543,800 yuan. It is said that goblets made of rhinoceros horn can also identify whether wine is poisonous. The Nepalese government has always regarded this rare animal as a national treasure. Hunting is strictly prohibited, and rhinoceros horn is listed as a medicinal material prohibited by the state. Offenders will be executed.

teak

Myanmar, located in the west of zhina Peninsula, contains more than 75% teak resources in the world. This kind of wood has the characteristics of solid texture, vibration resistance and small shrinkage, and is the first-class material in shipbuilding and construction industry. Because teak has delicate wood and beautiful patterns. It is often used to make exquisite furniture and carving techniques. The resplendent palace towers, resplendent temples, quaint and elegant pagodas and vivid and diverse Buddha statues in Mandalay, the ancient capital of Myanmar, are all made of teak. Therefore, as early as 1752, teak was declared as a "royal tree" by the king of Myanmar, and teak was regarded as a national treasure by successive governments. It is strictly forbidden to cut trees indiscriminately. It is expressly stipulated that teak with DBH above 1.22 meters shall be peeled and registered, and cut down and shipped according to the marks.

Submarine coconut

Seychelles is an island country in the Indian Ocean, consisting of 92 large and small islands. It is a country with beautiful scenery and one of the few places in the world to maintain its original ecology. On Plasland Island, the second largest island in Seychelles, there is a unique virgin coconut grove in the world, which is called underwater coconut by locals. This kind of coconut is a treasure among coconuts. It grows slowly, but it has strong vitality. A coconut tree can live for more than a thousand years. Generally, the fruit begins at the age of 25, and can continue to bear fruit for more than 850 years. A coconut tree can bear dozens of fruits at a time, each weighing 30 kilograms. Coconut trees on the seabed are dioecious, and the fruit of male coconut trees is slightly curved and long, reaching more than 1 meter. The fruit of a female coconut tree is like a woman's pelvis and as big as a basin. When traveling in Seychelles, you can often see male and female coconut fruits painted on the doors of public toilets to show the difference between male and female toilets. At present, there are more than 4,000 undersea coconut trees on Plath Bluebird Island, some of which are as high as more than 30 meters, all of which are hundreds of years old, and some even reach the Millennium, and they are still lush and fruitful. According to botanists' research, submarine coconut, like Metasequoia glyptostroboides in China, is a living fossil left over from the long process of biological evolution, and its stone is a precious raw material for handicrafts. Things are rare, and a coconut fruit under the sea is worth two or three hundred dollars. The Seychelles government has officially designated the submarine coconut as a national treasure, and Plasland Island has been designated as a nature reserve. No one is allowed to pick them and smuggle them out of the country.

angkor

Angkor Wat, a world-famous cultural ancient city, is regarded as a national treasure by Cambodian people. Angkor Wat Temple is the oldest and largest ancient temple in Cambodia and the best preserved temple. Built in 12~ 13 century, there are more than 600 buildings of various types. It is said that during the construction of Angkor Wat Temple, as many as150,000 migrant workers were recruited. The heaviest stone used for building materials is 8 tons, but it doesn't need any adhesive. Angkor Wat is a particularly obvious pattern on the Cambodian national flag.

"Zimbabwe bird"

In the museum in Salisbury, Zimbabwe, there are five "Zimbabwean birds" symbolizing Zimbabwe's national culture. They are carved with soft soapstone. These birds, ranging in height from 20 cm to 30 cm, stood on the soap column 1~2 m long, each with its own charm, reflecting the religious beliefs of Africans at that time. These birds are Zimbabwe's national treasures, and the island is also marked on the country's flag and currency.

Tangsancai ceramic

China Tang tri-colored glazed pottery is named after its founding in the Tang Dynasty, with yellow, green, white or red, green and white glazes as the main colors. The national treasure in the Syrian National Museum is a tri-colored pottery figurine of the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century. Terracotta warriors and horses were dressed as Mongolian cavalry, with swords in their right hands and shields in their right. The pottery figurines are vivid and unique in shape, novel and delicate in color and bright in glaze, which embodies the high level of ancient Chinese pottery art. Syria printed this national treasure into stamps, postcards and color photos and sold them in large quantities. Why does the Syrian government attach importance to this art treasure? This is because it is a witness that Damascus has become an important passage of the Silk Road. According to local historical records, around 1 15 A.D., China's silk and ceramics first spread to Damascus and then to Rome.

diamond

South Africa, located at the southern tip of the African continent, has given birth to rare diamond deposits because of its unique orogeny and geographical characteristics. Since 1866, a South African girl found a diamond with a net weight of 2 1.5 carats in Hejie River, which immediately set off a diamond fever. People gathered on both sides of the river and dug everywhere. 1935 found the largest giant diamond since excavation, with a net weight of 3025 carats. People regard it as a national treasure from now on.

diamond

Iran, an ancient civilization, is famous for its rare treasures. Guang Hai, one of the top five polished diamonds in the world, is the most famous Iranian gem and national treasure. "Guang Hai" is a very old gem in the world. It is a sister diamond with "Guangshan" and its hometown is in India. 1739 was taken from India to Persia as a trophy by Nadir of Persia. Later, "Guangshan" fell into the hands of the British and became the jewel in the crown of the British king. 1902, the "Sea of Light" also became the jewel in Muffar Ude, which was the exclusive crown of King Dante. It weighs 182 carats and sleeps in the jewelry hall of the underground treasure in central Tehran.

"colette"

Unique is the national treasure of France. France's national treasure is not a thing, but a woman writer named Colette. Colette's novel Coventry at School immediately caused a sensation in Paris. In the second edition of the novel, the name "Ke Fenting" is a household name. Later, Colette wrote dozens of works such as Coventry in Paris, which were dedicated to the French people and the world, thus winning people's respect. 1954, Colette died, and the government made an exception and held a grand state funeral for her, calling her "the national treasure of France".

other

Many other countries in the world also have national treasures, such as Portuguese cork, Thai elephant, British crown, Greek Venus, Ghana's golden stool, Egyptian pyramids, Japanese Jian Zhen monk statue, China's Yongle Bell and so on. In addition, there is not only one national treasure in many countries. For example, in addition to teak, there is also Tacheng Gump in Myanmar.

Art is also an important part of national treasure. Italy's national treasures include the famous bust sculpture of Medusa. It is one of the representative works of Italian artist Cifani Lorenzo Benigni in the17th century, which is based on the legend of Medusa, the gorgon in ancient Greek mythology. In mythology, Medusa has infinite magic power, which can turn everyone who meets her into stones. Benigni's sculptures show the strength and mystery of the characters. Medusa turned blue and the snake moved. The whole sculpture is carved from white marble, and the color is crystal clear.

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national treasure

Published by Commercial Press (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. in June 1983.

The Forbidden City is the most important and largest museum in China. The richness of cultural relics and works of art in past dynasties is well known to the world. Most of the collections in the Forbidden City are historical treasures collected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many of them are circulated and can be traced back to the old collections in the imperial palace in the Northern Song Dynasty. The accumulation of thousands of years is extraordinary. In addition, a small part has been collected in recent decades, which are the essence of cultural relics and works of art. The Palace Museum in Beijing is really a treasure house of historical relics and art in China.

In recent years, the collections of Beijing Palace Museum have been exhibited overseas for many times and introduced in publications, which greatly enhanced people's understanding and interest in China's traditional cultural relics and arts. However, there are not many opportunities for people to see the treasures in the Palace Museum, and what they see is extremely limited. As for publications, although there are many picture books introducing the collections of the Palace Museum, most of them are books, paintings or ceramics, and they are mainly aimed at collectors and experts. For the readers, either too professional or too concise, can not meet the requirements. In order to make up for this deficiency, our library cooperated with the Palace Museum in Beijing to edit and publish this large-scale album called National Treasure.

"National Treasure" is compiled by experts in the Forbidden City in Beijing, and it is authoritative. 100 pieces of cultural relics and art treasures introduced in the album are selected from the 9 1 10,000 pieces of the Forbidden City. Among them, eleven pieces were printed and published for the first time; 19 works are printed with color plates for the first time; Some of them have not been publicly exhibited so far. Although the others have been printed and published, they are all shot from different angles, or in previously undisclosed parts, or with local close-ups, which is refreshing. All the photos were carefully taken by photographers in the Forbidden City. In order to ensure the printing quality, master printmakers are specially invited to the Forbidden City to proofread the original materials one by one with negatives, correct the tone, experience the artistic sense of the original materials, make the printing effect realistic and give full play to the artistic appeal of the original materials.

The content and arrangement of "National Treasure" strive to give consideration to both academic value and universal appreciation value, and appeal to both refined and popular tastes. It can be divided into five categories: bronzes, calligraphy and painting, porcelain, arts and crafts and embroidery. In addition to the special articles in each category, each piece of cultural relics and artworks is accompanied by hundreds to thousands of words. The purpose is to let people know these hundred national treasures; Have a general understanding of the development and characteristics of Chinese traditional cultural relics; Master the methods and knowledge of appreciating various cultural relics in different periods. Plate as far as possible from the whole, local, local and other angles three-dimensional, comprehensive.

figure

[Yuan] A national treasure is black catalpa, with little knowledge of fencing, charming and resourceful. My father is a marshal, and all military affairs are notified by the Committee, so the sooner the better. Since the attack on Chongqing, the Song Dynasty unified Zhang Shi and plundered Hezhou to return. In the first year of China's reunification, he made great contributions from attacking aranda. Aranda rebelled against fire according to the hidden cave in Xiling. A handsome national treasure is welcome. When people want to fight quickly, Guo Bao said, "This poor bandit is not bad either. Don't break him slowly." So he attacked them with elite soldiers. The fire must move westward, and the national treasure challenges self-consolidation according to the needs of risks. After two months of stalemate, the submarine caught the enemy by surprise and killed him. Wenjie, give me the bow and arrow, Jin Qi. At the beginning, according to You Zhu's resignation, he ordered a thorough attack on Marshal. Completely ignoring the illness, the national treasure called each other brothers. As the saying goes, "My ancestors used to fight in the west and made great contributions. Although Guanlong is peaceful, Xirong is not peaceful, and this generation has made contributions in autumn. " He sent Xie Ding and his younger brother Guo Neng, saying that they would surrender to Tubo with gold and silk, and the chief Kantuo Meng Jia made incense from the national treasure. The national treasure said, "Wenzhou's mountains and rivers are in danger, controlling Shu and rejecting Tubo. It is appropriate to enter Wenzhou and station troops in the town." From this, the national treasure was awarded three seals, namely, the Marshal of the Mongolian Han Army and the Dalu Huachi of the Tubo Wan Hu House in Wenzhou, and both Kanto Mengjia were given golden symbols. When the Qiang people in Fuzhou were not attached, the national treasure declared Wade, and the chiefs all returned their money and made pilgrimages from the national treasure. National treasures are enshrined in the mountains and rivers, and the imperial edict is given to every household, and the golden tiger charm is given to every household, and the chief is given to every household. Give a national treasure gold coin. National treasure governs Wenzhou, and there is good governance. He died in the fourth year of Zhiyuan. In the first year of Yanchou, he presented Zuo Li, Dr. Guanglu, Pingzhang Politics, Zhu Guo, Liang Guogong and Zhong Ding.

Rongshi and Shi Yan in Yuan Dynasty. At the beginning, the national treasure was dying, and the world was honored, and his brother Guoan was ordered to attack his post. Guoan not only captured the marshal of the Mongolian Han army, but also served as a scholar in Wenzhou. Later, with the help of his brother's security guard, he gave the Jin Hu logo and entered General Zhao Yong. In fifteen years, I sought to rebel against Wang Liupan and spit out Lu, and I got it. Please fire him and honor him. The emperor said, "If people argue and you give in, you can be vulgar." Record his six sets of merits, join General Zhao Yi and recruit envoys. Rong Shi, General Huaiyuan, Marshal of Mongolian Han Army, Great Scholar Huachi, Tubo's Wanhufu in Wenzhou. Later, he joined General Anyuan, Ambassador Xuanwei of Tubo, and Marshal of Parliament, wearing three beads and tiger symbols. Shi Yan, Zhongshu Pingzhang politics.