There are questions about the Spanish Civil War.

The Spanish Civil War is a national democratic revolutionary war in which the Spanish people oppose domestic fascist military rebellion and foreign armed intervention. 1936 February 16, People's Front won the general election and formed a coalition government with the participation of Republicans, Socialists and * *. Monarchists, big landlords, capitalists, senior monks, spearmen and reactionary officers hate the new government. On July 1936, Franco launched an armed rebellion with the support of German and Italian fascists. 10 10/month 1 day, the Spanish civil war began.

At the beginning of the civil war, the Spanish Republican Army, with the support of the people, stopped the rebels from marching to the south and took control of all the major industrial and political centers, major seaports and traffic trunk lines in the country. The rebels are in critical condition. But at this moment, German and Italian fascists began to intervene, not only helping to transport the rebels from Morocco to Spain, but also sending 50,000 troops and 6.5438+0.5 million troops to Spain to help the rebels fight. Countries such as Britain and France blocked the Spanish government in the name of "non-interference" policy. The international progressive forces actively supported the Spanish Coalition government, and about 35,000 volunteers from 54 countries formed an international column to fight side by side with the Spanish people.

1936165438+1On October 6th, Franco rebels and meddlers attacked Madrid. By March 1937, the rebels had launched four large-scale attacks on Madrid. Under the leadership of Spain, the defenders and people of Madrid repelled the rebel attack and held the capital. After that, the rebels turned their attention to northern Spain. 1in April, 937, the main force of the rebels pushed in the direction of Bilbao, carried out air strikes on unguarded villages and towns, and occupied Bilbao on June 20. Then March on Santander and Cihong. Although the Irish Republican Army carried out two large-scale strategic attacks here, it failed to save the northern crisis. Then the rebels turned to the eastern front, broke through the IRA line in March 1938 and won the strategic initiative of the eastern front. On July 25th, the Irish Republican Army won the battle of Ebro River, which partially reversed the military situation. However, the signing of the Munich Agreement encouraged the German and Italian fascists to support Franco's attack on the Republic. 12 On February 23rd, the rebels and interventionists began an all-out attack. In the case of great disparity between the enemy and ourselves, there have been partisan differences within the Republic, and their strength has been weakened. 1On March 28th, 939, Madrid fell, the Republic was overthrown, and Franco established a dictatorship. More than 654.38 million people died in the civil war and thousands fled to France. The Spanish Civil War was one of the biggest bloody wars in Europe before the Second World War, which brought great losses to the Spanish people.

Material: The war has begun:

1936 After the Popular Front won the general election in February, the contact between Spanish reactionaries and German and Italian fascists became active. 1in March, 936, General Sanjul Huo went to Berlin and stayed at the "Kaiserhof" Hotel where German government guests often stayed. The general held talks in Berlin on German aid to Spanish counter-revolutionary military organizations, and agreed to buy a lot of military equipment from German companies.

While reactionaries and fascists are making military preparations, big capitalists are also doing economic damage. Business owners started labor conflicts and then blamed everything on the Republic. The landlord would rather give up the crops that have not been harvested in the field, so that thousands of farm workers are in a desperate situation. The enemies of the Republic try their best to create chaos in the country's economic and political life and undermine the prestige of the left-wing Republican government. In order to achieve this goal, they took strikes, terrorist actions, demonstrations and riots. Within two months (May 15 to July15), there were 95 general strikes and more than 200 local strikes. The chaos in economic and social life frightened some classes of the petty bourgeoisie and the middle class and made them oppose the Republic. Turbulence and chaos have also led some conservative intellectuals to defect to reactionaries. Many people welcomed the victory of the People's Front on February 6, 2006, but a few months later, they became indifferent to the Republic.

By the summer of 1936, the rebellion was ready, indicating that the rebellion was imminent. 12 July, anti-fascist Jose del Castillo, lieutenant of the assault guard, was killed in Madrid. The next day, his friend killed Huo Calvo Sautereau, one of the main organizers of the rebellion.

Jose Dias (month of Jose Dias 15) warned in parliament: "Everyone should be careful! The reactionaries are preparing to rebel! " In Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and many other cities, workers are guarding day and night, waiting for the launch of fascism. The conflict between the two camps heralded a deadly battle. This is unstoppable, and both rival camps are full of confidence in victory. The democratic forces believe that they can suppress any rebellion of the reactionaries. Warlords and reactionary forces are expected to destroy the Republic quickly. Spain has entered one of the most tragic periods in its history.

The fascist armed rebellion began in Morocco under the jurisdiction of Spain on July 17, 2007. After cruelly defeating some isolated resistance, the rebels occupied several cities of Melilla, Ceuta and Detuan. Officers who insisted on loyalty to the Republic were shot on the spot.

Moroccan rebels are armed with about 35,000 officers and men, of which 1 1000 is a "foreign legion" and 14000 is a Moroccan mercenary.

/kloc-in July of 0/8, the main garrison and Spanish cities suddenly broke out in rebellion. 80% of the armed forces-1.20,000 soldiers and most of the National Guard troops are on the rebel side. In Navarra and other provinces, the armed forces of "rect" and the Phalange Party joined the rebels. The leader of the rebel army was General Sanjul Huo, but he died in an air crash on his way back to Spain from Portugal on July 20th. In order to lead the Moroccan armed rebel group, General Franco flew from Canary Islands to Touan by British plane on July 19. After Sanjiao's death, he became the leader of the rebel army.

Events are developing at lightning speed. The army rose up against the Republic. Fighting has taken place in almost all cities in Spain. The barracks were attacked. People have weapons. Executions and shootings are everywhere. The civil war enveloped Spain, and the heroic resistance of the people disrupted the rebels' plans.

All the working people in Spain took up arms. Factories, cities and villages have established squadrons, brigades and columns of militia volunteers. In the first few days of the rebellion, more than 300,000 men and women came to the assembly point, hoping to get rifles. Everyone can find anything-revolvers, shotguns, old rifles, knives, forks, grenades, explosives-armed with what. People took out rusty weapons that their ancestors might have used during the First Republic from cellars and attics, and took to roadblocks and trenches. Many unarmed people took to the line of fire, waiting for the wounded or the dead's rifles to be emptied. This is what Hodias called "the period of romantic war".

Mass heroism, infinite courage, selfless spirit and unprecedented enthusiasm-this is the portrayal of the defenders of the Republic. * * * slogan "Nopassalan!" ("They won't succeed!") ) aroused thousands of anti-fascist struggles.

These people rushed into the barracks almost unarmed. On July 19, 2009, the rebellion of the armed guards was put down in Madrid. In Barcelona and Catalonia, the workers defeated the warlords in two days of bloody battles. Asturias is in the hands of the people: oviedo is surrounded, while the barracks in Tihon are captured by urban residents and miners.

Fierce fighting took place in Andalusia and Lemadura in the west. Workers in Seville, farmers and farm workers in badajoz and caceres fought to the last bullet. It was only with the support of Moroccan army that fascism was able to occupy Seville. Within a few days, fishermen and workers in Galicia, La Coruna, Vigo and other cities fought bravely against the army and the National Guard.

In Malaga, Valencia, Bilbao, Santander and many other cities and provinces, the rebels' plans failed. The air force and almost the entire navy are still on the side of the Republic. Sailors and subordinate commanders put most warships and submarines into the ports of the Republic.

The fighting in the first few days left the rebels in trouble. The main industrial center of this country is still in the hands of the people. The Republic has the support of the people of the whole country. Fascists can only gain a foothold in the southern provinces of Cadiz, Welfa and Seville, and in the northern regions of Galicia, Navarra, Old Castilla and Aragon. The rebels were split in two by Badajoz province; The northern army commanded by General Mora and the southern army commanded by Franco.

The working people in the territory of the Republic have become the real masters of economic, political and military life. 19 In July, the government of Jose Chilar (one of the leaders of the left-wing Republican Party) was established and insisted on continuing the struggle until victory. Factories everywhere were transferred to the supervision of workers, and in rural areas, armed peasants seized the land of fascist landlords. At that time, Spain, with more than 10 million party member, was a huge political force and mobilization force. In Madrid, Catalonia and asturias, * * * people immediately set about building combat troops: "Maxim Gorky Camp", "Karl Marx Camp" and the famous Fifth Regiment.

The Republic has enough troops to stop the rebellion from expanding and then put it down. However, the Republican camp is not United enough, lacks unified military command, and the militia is weak, which hinders the organization's resistance. The serious obstacle is the disagreement among political factions within the Popular Front. From the first day, it was necessary to establish a unified armed force of the Republic. But as a result, each political party set out to form its own team and army. Military operations between regiments and columns are often inconsistent and uncoordinated. Although many militia battalions are brave in fighting, they are fighting in their own way, have no clear military purpose, and do not know what the situation is near the front line. In addition, several governments have been established in the Republic, including the Madrid Central Government and the Catalan Government, the Basque Government, the asturias and Leon Committee.

Catalan anarchists greatly undermined the organization's efforts to defeat the rebels. Thousands of armed men did nothing in the rear under their control. Catalan anarchists are lax in discipline and weak in leadership, which leads to an important region like Catalonia participating in the struggle of the rebels very late. Catalonia's industry is far from meeting the tight demands. On the front lines of Catalonia and Aragon, where anarchists have great influence, anarchists usually can't fight well, because they don't obey the minimum rules of military discipline and act purely in an anarchist way.

Basque's situation is not good either. Here, the regime actually fell into the hands of the Basque National Party headed by aguirre, while aguirre was afraid of the pioneering spirit of the working people. This party represents the interests of the bourgeoisie. Although it enjoys a certain prestige among some working classes, it makes it difficult for Basque to accept revolutionary reform.

As a result, the fascists were able to gain time, persevere and mobilize all their forces until they received military assistance from Italy, Germany and Portugal. As the war continued, the situation in the Spanish Republic deteriorated.

The Spanish war immediately attracted the attention of the whole world. All progressive human beings are on the side of the Spanish people and the Republic. The whole international reactionaries and imperialist groups are against the Spanish Republic. The open and clear enemies of the Spanish Republic (some fascist countries: Germany, Italy and Portugal) immediately began to help the rebels. In the first few days of the rebellion, German and Italian planes transported more than 65,438+04,000 soldiers and a lot of military supplies from Morocco to the peninsula. The first batch of German machine guns, cannons, tanks and military technicians were immediately transported to Lisbon and other ports in Portugal. Portugal in salazar opened its border for General Franco. In the first few days of the war, Portuguese weapons and even individual units of the Portuguese army were transported from Portugal to rebel-occupied areas. Thanks to this support, the rebels were able to occupy badajoz in mid-August and join the northern bloc in Old Castilla, Leon, Galicia and Navarra.

German and Italian aid rescued General Franco and his army. Without the armed intervention of Italy and Germany, the Republic could have put down the fascist rebellion in a relatively short time. However, the balance of power between the Republic and the rebels soon developed in favor of the latter. The position of the British, French and American ruling groups on the Spanish War contributed to this trend. The governments of these countries deprived the Spanish Republic of what it needed most-weapons. On August 2, the French government of Leon Bloom put forward the proposal of "non-interference" in Spanish affairs, although the idea of non-interference in the agreement was put forward by Britain. At the end of August, France proposed to set up a non-interference committee to supervise the implementation of the agreement. On September 9th, this committee started its work in London, and 27 European countries participated in the London Committee.

The non-interference agreement stipulates that it is forbidden to export and transfer weapons and military materials to Spain. Although the United States did not participate in the London Committee, it actually fully supported the "non-interference" policy. The U.S. government declared neutrality and banned the export of weapons to Spain.

The "non-interference" policy adopted in the Spanish War, if strictly observed, is actually correct to some extent. It is true that the Spanish Republic has lost its legal right to buy weapons from abroad, but without foreign aid, the rebels will inevitably fail. From this point of view, the Soviet Union participated in the non-intervention agreement on August 23rd to prevent the Spanish War from expanding and developing into a world war. At the same time, the Soviet Union participated in the Non-interference Committee in order to use this international forum to safeguard the interests of the Spanish people when necessary. Using the principle of unanimity, the Soviet representative can prevent the London Committee from adopting a decision that goes against the interests of the Spanish Republic.

In fact, the "non-interference" policy of western powers was originally a cover for Italian and German armed intervention in Spain, with the aim of slowly strangling the Spanish Democratic Republic by the hand of fascist countries. Another purpose of this policy is to cover up the intention and hope of the British, French and American ruling groups to point the fascist aggression at the Soviet Union. The increasingly rampant interference by Germany and Italy has not been obstructed by the British, French and American governments.

The Spanish coast of the Republic was bombarded by German warships, and Italian pirate submarines were active in the Mediterranean. 1936 165438 10, the "vulture" army was established in Germany, initially under the command of General speer, and later under the command of General Richthofen and Folkerman. The legion has powerful air defense facilities, mechanized troops, tanks and armored vehicles. It has more than 6,000 fighters. When the Air Force was first established, it had eight bomber and destroyer brigades and a seaplane brigade. The fascist countries signed a secret agreement of mutual assistance and cooperation with the rebels. German and Italian monopolies have strengthened their position in the Spanish economy. There is a "W" special force in Berlin to help the rebels. 1936 In August, the Spanish government armed intervention committee was established in Italy.

In the eyes of military staff in Berlin and Rome, Spain is a strategic base suitable for future wars and a training ground to test its military technical equipment and tactical potential. As the birthplace of raw materials and investment, Spain also has economic advantages. Germany and Italy need Spanish tungsten, mercury, iron and agricultural products for military preparations. The intervention of Italy and Germany is also to pursue a goal: to end the development of democracy and revolution in Spain and establish a fascist dictatorship in the Pyrenees.

Germany and Italy realized their plans at all costs. According to rough data, Italy's aid is 65.438+04 billion lira (excluding aircraft worth 654.38+0000). Franco got about 2000 cannons, 10000 automatic weapons, 240000 rifles, 900 tanks, 12000 cars, 800 tractors, 2 submarines, 4 destroyers and many other military equipment from Mussolini. Germany provided no less weapons aid to the rebels than Italy. There are 6.5438+0.5 million Italian regular troops and 50,000 German troops fighting against the Republic. The Air Force from Italy has three regiments and two brigades of bombers and 1 two brigades of destroyers. A total of 600 Italian pilots participated in the air combat of the Spanish War. The casualties in Italy are: 6000 people were killed and 1 1000 people were injured.

In order to study the tactics of total war, the Germans tried out Junker -87 dive bomber and Messerschmitt-109 expeller in Spain. German instructors trained more than 50,000 rebel officers. In order to maintain the "vulture" legion, it cost 232 million marks.

Behind Germany and Italy's open armed intervention in the Spanish Republic, there are also British, French and American imperialist groups secretly assisting the rebels. British companies supplied ancient oil and planes to the rebels. Franco got weapons and ammunition from the British military base in Gibraltar. French Renault secretly sold planes and cars to rebels. The whole French policy towards the Spanish Republic is shocking. 1936 On July 25th, the government of Andreleon Blum adopted a decision prohibiting the sale of weapons to the Spanish Republic, thus breaking the Spanish-French trade agreement signed in February 1935. According to this agreement, the Spanish Republic has the right to buy weapons worth 40 million francs from France. The rebels received a lot of assistance from American monopoly organizations. More than 75% of the oil they need is provided by American oil companies. Franco's army and armed intervention army use American fuel for almost all their military technical equipment.

The armed intervention and "non-interference" policy of Italy and Germany soon led to the development of power balance in favor of the rebels. The struggle of the Spanish people turned into a national revolutionary war. Spain * * * * Doibar Ruri pointed out: "It is a national war because the people oppose foreign armed intervention and put Spain in danger of being colonized by Italian and German imperialists. The reason why it is a revolutionary war is because the Spanish people are struggling to defend, consolidate and develop the democracy and freedom won in the long and cruel struggle against the Spanish reactionaries. "

Fascist rebellion plunged the country into civil war and became Spain's national disaster. There has never been so much blood shed on Spanish soil as in the Three Years' War, and the forces of international fascism and reactionaries oppressed the Spanish people. The way and scale of repression, murder, revenge and hatred are shocking.

The heroic resistance of the Spanish people became the first anti-fascist international war of peaceful and democratic forces. After the great October socialist revolution, the Spanish War was the most powerful mass revolution, and it was a democratic launch against the reactionary forces in Europe. In the struggle for freedom and democracy, the Spanish people set an unprecedented example of heroism, courage and self-sacrifice for the whole world.

The Spanish War had a great influence on the young generation in the 1930s. Anti-fascists and democrats all over the world not only admire the heroic struggle of the Spanish people, but also learn from their spirit of fighting reactionaries and fascists. The three-year Spanish War was a severe test for all anti-fascists in the world. The front line of the Spanish war divided not only the Spaniards, but also all mankind into two worlds: one is the world of fascism and reactionaries, and the other is the world of democracy and freedom. For nearly three years, Spain was the watershed between the forces of war and fascism and the forces of peace and social progress.

The historical significance of the Spanish people's national revolutionary war is great. The Spanish War disrupted the long-term aggression plan of German and Italian fascists and delayed the outbreak of the Second World War. The Republic of Spain has made due contributions to the victory over fascism and Nazi Germany.

The Soviet Union and the world's democratic forces cannot be indifferent to the Italian and German fascists attacking the Spanish Republic. In September, the Soviet Union was still holding a wait-and-see attitude, waiting to consider whether to remain neutral in the Spanish War. However, when Germany and Italy began to openly violate the non-interference agreement, the Soviet Union began to give positive material assistance to the Spanish Republic.

6543817 October, the Soviet government publicly stated: "If this kind of violation of the agreement is not stopped immediately, the Soviet government will no longer be bound by the obligations stipulated in the agreement." 6543817 October, the representative of the Soviet Commission in London suggested that Portuguese ports should be strictly controlled and concrete measures should be taken to prevent the destruction of the agreement.

The Soviet Union's attitude towards the struggle of the Spanish people is very clear. The Soviet Union decided not only to give moral support to the Spanish Republic, but also to provide material assistance. ; In the note dated 10/23 October, the Soviet government reiterated that it "cannot think that it should be bound by the non-intervention agreement more than any other country participating in it". The concrete actions of the Soviet government reinforced its statement. The first Soviet cargo ship loaded with weapons arrived in the Spanish Republic on June 65438, 20031October.

The Soviet Union's diplomatic support and material assistance to the Spanish Republic is immeasurable. At all meetings of the Committee on Non-interference and the League of Nations, representatives of the Soviet Union defended the legitimate rights of the Spanish Republic and angrily exposed the armed interference of Italy and Germany. A huge wave of solidarity with the Spanish people swept the Soviet Union. 1On August 3rd, 936, more than 65,438 working people in Moscow held "Don't interfere in revolutionary Spain!" The placard points to Red Square. The whole country is anxiously watching the progress of military operations in distant Spain. For the Soviet Union, the initial five-year plans were quite difficult, but it still provided huge material assistance to the Spanish Republic. On the initiative of the workers in Sanshan Textile Factory, the Soviet Union launched a fund-raising campaign all over the country to help the Spanish people. In a few days,120,000 rubles were raised. By the end of 10, it had exceeded 47 million rubles. The Spanish working people will never forget the helping hand extended to them by the Soviet Union in difficult and difficult days.

The international proletariat and all the anti-fascists in the world are on the side of the Spanish Republic. The mass movement of solidarity with the Spanish people has been launched in all continents of the world, and even in the farthest corners of Latin America, Africa and Asia, the Association of Friends of the Spanish Republic has been established. In Paris, London, new york and other cities in the world, the democratic forces asked the Spanish People's Front for assistance. The Spanish embassy has received thousands of donations and materials. Thousands of people will go to Spain to take part in the anti-fascist struggle. The international movement of solidarity with the Spanish Republic has reached an unprecedented scale. In order to coordinate, a special international committee to assist the Spanish Republic was set up in Paris. Through this committee, the Spanish Republic has received all kinds of assistance-from ambulances and medicines to condensed milk for children. The international committee raised a large donation. During the two-year war, the Committee raised 800 million francs from only 17 countries. People from all political factions came out to defend the Spanish people. This is a powerful international anti-fascist front. Advanced intellectuals-those who support democracy and oppose fascism and barbarism-have played a great role in it. Romain rolland, Bernard Shaw, theodore dreiser, Albert Einstein, Leon Fichtevanger, thomas mann, ernest hemingway, Aurio Curie, Langevin, Picasso, diego rivera and many other famous people in the world shouted loudly to defend the Spanish Republic.

The composition of the famous international column is the highest expression of solidarity with the Spanish people. Volunteers from 54 countries joined the organization. It is not easy to come to Spain. However, some of the volunteers' freedom fighters walked, some took trains, ships or fishing boats, some flew, and some arrived in Spain openly and secretly. Common ground-hatred of fascism and the desire to help the Spanish people unite. Fascist propaganda machines spread rumors, and the people who fought in the international column were all * * *. In fact, Republicans, Catholics, independents, liberals and socialists are all fighting in the international column; Representatives of workers, staff, farmers and intellectuals; The then American ambassador to the Spanish Republic wrote that most of the soldiers in the international column were "just anti-fascists". The oath of the members of the international column is "I came here voluntarily, and if necessary, I will give all my blood to save the freedom of Spain and the freedom of the world."

A total of seven international columns were formed, of which 24 battalions, 1 international battalion were incorporated into the 86th Spanish column. There are hundreds of international column volunteers working in the air force, artillery unit, engineering unit and ambulance station. At the end of 1936+00, the first international column was established, that is, the eleventh international column named after IRA. Germans, French, Belgians, Poles, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Czechs, Yugoslavs and Austrians participated in this column. The 12th international column was founded in165438+1early October, and was basically composed of Italians, Germans, French and Slavs. From 1936 to 12 to 1937 to 10, the thirteenth column was formed, mainly composed of representatives of Slavic nationalities: Poles, Bulgarians and Yugoslavs. At that time, the fourteenth column composed of Belgians and French was established. Americans, Britons and Canadians joined the 10/5 column established between October and February. Later, in the summer of 1937, the 150 column was established. Later at the end of the year, the 129 column was established. At this time, due to heavy casualties, most members of the international column have been composed of Spanish soldiers. Battalions of international columns are usually named after famous soldiers who fought for freedom and democracy, such as Garibo, Tallman, Xia Boyang, Mickey Kaiwei, dombrowski, Henry babs, dimitrov and Lincoln.

During the whole war, the total number of volunteers in the international column reached 35,000. France sent about 9,000 volunteers to the Spanish Republic, Poland sent 5,000 volunteers, Italy sent about 3,500 volunteers, the United States sent 2,800 volunteers and Britain sent 2,000 volunteers. Participating in the international column are 1 0,000 Canadians, 1 0,200 Hungarians, 1 0,200 Yugoslavs, 3,000 Germans and 2,000 Austrians. More than 7,000 volunteers in the international column gave their lives in the struggle against fascism for freedom. Those who died on the battlefield in Spain were the commander of the first 12 international column, the Hungarian writer Mattei Zalka (in Spain, he used the name of General Lukacs), the German Central Committee member Hans Baimler, the political commissar of the British military camp, and Ralph Fox, a writer and historian. George Brown, member of the British Central Committee, Nino Nanetti, member of the Italian Central Committee, and Lagoje Palovic, political commissar of the 13th International Column and member of the Yugoslav Central Committee. On the list of victims in the Spanish battlefield, there are many names of anti-fascist heroes, such as Battalion Commander Georgy mikhailov, Bulgarian Gelebenarov, French-Parisian construction worker Alfred brug, journalist Kidd Trave Sese, Jewish poet Isaac Qiao Fei, excellent expert in reporting revolution, Cuban Pablo de la Toriente Blau and so on.

In the international column, there are Austrian general Klebier (Manfred Sting), Polish general Walter (Carol Switchovsky), famous German writer Ludwig Renn, Italian workers' leaders: Luigi Longo, Giuseppe Di vittorio, Peter Ronani, vittorio Vidali, French Politburo member Fran? ois Peyo and Hungarian ferenc.

Ernest hemingway is an outstanding American writer. He served as a military reporter in the Spanish Republic almost throughout the war. He is a close friend of the people of the Republic and Spain. Most of his creations are related to Spain, which he really loves. He wrote a very good book about the Spanish war, entitled "For whom the bell tolls", which is a powerful, brave and true book.

Relatively speaking, the number of Soviet troops who participated in the Spanish war was small, but it helped a lot. They helped establish the Irish Republican Army, trained Spanish pilots, tanks and infantry, and participated in the formulation of the military action plan of the Irish Republican Army. There are about 600 Soviet volunteers on the battlefield in Spain: 23 military advisers, 49 instructors, 29 artillery officers, 14 1 pilots, 107 tanks, 29 sailors, 106 communication experts, engineers and technicians and medical personnel. There are more than 70 translators and various service personnel.

Roya Malinowski, Goh Mistern, Yafu Smushkevich, Nigger Kuznetsov, Bartov, Kiah Meretskov, Niny voronov, Yayi, Rodimtsev and others went to Spain as consultants and military experts. Soviet pilots who fought bravely in Spain were: serov, smirnoff, Yakukhin, Minayev, Tehor, Ugro, Vatov and Horzunov. Soviet tank soldiers who made meritorious deeds in the battle to defend the Republic included Krivoschen, Novikov, Eugene and arman.

The Soviet sailors of the Communist Youth League, Neva, Kuban and Tuxi Railway risked their lives and bravely completed their voyage to the port of the Republic. The names of Mikhail Korzov, an outstanding political critic, writer I ehrenburg, journalist Savage, cinematographer Luo Carmen and many Soviets who have devoted all their strength and talents to the cause of defending the Spanish Republic are all inseparable from the Spanish War.

The Soviet Union and all democratic forces gave Spain assistance at the critical moment when the Republic needed it most. 1936, 10, the capital of the Republic is in danger, and fascist rebels and armed interveners are eager to capture Madrid. The first and biggest battle between democracy and fascism has arrived.