The Development History of Storage Activities in China

The warehousing industry refers to the general name of operating enterprises engaged in warehousing activities. The warehousing industry is an ancient industry, and the warehousing in China has a long history. With the continuous development of social economy, warehousing industry has become an important force in social and economic development. At present, China's warehousing industry is large in scale, forming a variety of specialized warehousing division of labor, which can fully meet the needs of economic development in quantity, but there are obvious deficiencies in service quality and efficiency. Looking at the development history of warehousing activities in China, it has roughly experienced the following four stages:

(1) Ancient warehouse industry: The ancient commercial warehouses in China were gradually formed and expanded with the development of social division of labor and specialized production. "Geoelectricity" can be said to be the original form of commercial warehouse, which has the nature of both commodity warehouse and hotel. With the further development of social division of labor and the continuous expansion of commodity exchange, the "collapsed house" specialized in storing commodities is separated from the "ground store" and becomes a commercial warehouse with the nature of an enterprise.

(2) Modern warehousing industry: With the development of commodity economy and the expansion of commercial activities, China's modern commercial warehouses have developed to some extent. /kloc-the commercial warehouse in the 0/9th century is called "stack", which refers to the site and equipment for storing and keeping articles. The initial business of the stacking industry is limited to stacking goods, and the ownership of the goods belongs to the depositor. With the expansion of stack business and the increase of service objects, the stack before liberation has been divided into dock stack, railway stack, warehouse stack, factory number stack, financial stack and customs stack. The remarkable feature of modern stacking industry is to establish a clear business category, business scope, responsible business, warehouse rent, entry and exit procedures, etc.

(3) Socialist warehousing industry: After the founding of New China, it took over and transformed the warehouses left by the old China. At that time, the policy of counterpart takeover and transformation was adopted. For example, railways and port warehouses are taken over by the transportation department; The warehouse of the material department shall be taken over by the State Material Clearing Committee; Private libraries are taken over and transformed by commercial departments; According to the nature of operation, foreign warehouses are taken over and acquired by relevant departments such as ports, foreign trade and commerce. 1962 the state bureau of material storage and transportation was established (later changed to the material storage and transportation corporation). 1984, the national material storage and transportation corporation set up storage and transportation companies directly under 14 in various places, with 76 warehouses, mainly responsible for the storage and transportation of automobile materials, transit materials of various departments in the State Council and other materials. In addition, the storage and transportation companies and warehouses under the local materials bureaus have gradually formed throughout the country. At this stage, no matter the warehouse building, equipment or loading and unloading facilities, it has developed greatly compared with the old commercial warehouses in China.

(4) Modern warehousing industry: For a long time in China, warehouses are labor-intensive enterprises, that is, a large number of operations such as loading, unloading, handling, palletizing and measuring in warehouses are all done manually. Therefore, warehouses not only occupy a lot of labor, but also have high labor intensity and poor working conditions, especially some dangerous goods warehouses, which are prone to poisoning and other accidents. In order to quickly change this backward situation, the government has made great efforts in this regard. First, attach importance to the transformation of old warehouses. According to the requirements of modern warehousing operation, the old warehouse was transformed, the equipment investment was increased, and various loading and unloading, handling and stacking equipment were equipped, which reduced the labor intensity of workers, improved the working conditions and improved the mechanization level of warehousing operation. On the other hand, a number of modern warehouses with advanced technology have been built. Since the 1970s, China has started to build automated warehouses, and computer-aided warehouse management has been widely adopted, which makes the warehousing industry in China enter a new stage of automation.