What are cold and warm colors, contrast colors, complementary colors and color expression?

Refers to the cold and warm properties of colors. The cold and warm feeling of color is formed by association in people's long-term life practice. Red, orange and yellow often remind people of the rising sun and burning flames in the east, so they have a warm feeling, so they are called "warm colors"; Blue often reminds people of the blue sky in the sky and the snow and ice in the shadow, so it has a cold feeling, so it is called "cool color"; Colors such as green and purple give people the impression that they are neither hot nor cold, so they are called "neutral colors". Cold and warm colors are relative. For the same color, more warm colors are warmer, and vice versa.

==============================================================

Contrast color:

Contrast color is a physiological phenomenon produced by human visual senses, and it is the balance effect of retina on color.

The color opposite to each color (diagonal 180 degrees) in the color circle is called "contrast color (complementary color)". Putting contrasting colors together will give people a strong sense of rejection. If they are mixed together, they will bring out turbid colors, such as red and green, blue and orange, yellow and purple.

Contrast color can also be defined as: two colors that can be clearly distinguished are called contrast colors. Including hue contrast, lightness contrast, saturation contrast, cold and warm contrast, complementary color contrast, color contrast and achromatic contrast. It is an important means to form obvious color effect, and it is also an important method to give color expression. Its form of expression is better than simultaneous comparison and successive comparison. For example, yellow and blue, purple and green, red and blue, any color and black, white, gray, dark and bright, cold and warm, bright and dark are all contrasting colors.

Complementary color refers to the complementary color relationship between a primary color and its corresponding intermediate color in chromatography. There are three primary colors, namely, red, yellow and blue, which are color units that cannot be decomposed any more. The colors produced by each pair of three primary colors are called intermediate colors, such as red and yellow for orange, yellow and blue for green, blue and red for purple, and orange, green and purple are called intermediate colors. Red and green, orange and blue, yellow and purple are complementary colors. Due to the strong separation of complementary colors, in the performance of color painting, proper use of complementary colors in appropriate positions can not only strengthen color contrast, but also show special visual contrast and balance effect.

Contrast color is more and more used in clothing, architecture, home, art, advertising and other designs. Nowadays, the market economy era is an era of concern, and the application of contrast color in art design is becoming more and more important. Classic contrasting colors such as black and white, red and green, blue and yellow have been tried and tested in all walks of life.

=================================================================

Complementary color:

When two colors of light are mixed into white light, the main wavelengths of these two colors are defined as complementary color wavelengths, but the main wavelengths of complementary colors will be different under different light sources; On the chromaticity diagram, the wavelength of any two points cut by any straight line passing through the light source on the spectral trajectory is the corresponding complementary color wavelength, and the light with this pair of complementary color wavelengths is called complementary color. In nature, each color has its main wavelength, and its corresponding complementary wavelength and complementary color can be found. However, the color light with the green spectrum wavelength (493-567nm) on the chromaticity diagram can't find the corresponding complementary color wavelength, because the complementary color of the color light in this wavelength range is magenta, and magenta has no monochromatic light of these colors on the chromaticity diagram, but mixed color light of red light and blue light, so the color light with the green spectrum wavelength (493-567nm) can't be found on the chromaticity diagram.

When observing colors, complementary colors will appear anytime and anywhere with the appearance of main colors, which is related to the fatigue or illusion of photoreceptor cells on the retina after being stimulated by light. When people look at colors, the color light of various colors in the visual range stimulates the cone-shaped photoreceptor cells on the retina to produce the colors they see; However, the cone-shaped photoreceptor cells on the retina will appear stimulation fatigue and complementary color after being stimulated by the same color light. In addition, we all know that the environmental color is one of the factors that affect the color of an object, and the most important influence of the environmental color on the color of an object is the contrast between the environmental color and the color of the object, thus causing the color change of the object. For example, juxtaposing magenta with green will show that magenta is redder and green is greener. This is because complementary green and magenta are formed at the edge where magenta and green ditch intersect, so the colors of their respective colors are enhanced, resulting in magenta being redder and greener. Because of color contrast, each color will produce an opposite color around itself, which actually does not exist. This phenomenon is the complementary color caused by optical illusion. Just like when black and white exist alone, they will not appear white and black, but when they are put together, they will appear white and black and white, which is the illusion caused by contrast.

=============================================================

Color expression

Whether it is colored or achromatic, it has its own expression characteristics. When the purity and lightness of each color change, or they are in different color matching relationships, the expression forms of colors will also change. Therefore, it is as difficult to tell the expression characteristics of various colors as it is to tell the personality characteristics of everyone in the world. However, we can still describe some typical personalities.

Red red

Red is a warm, impulsive and powerful color that can accelerate muscle function and blood circulation. Because red is the longest wavelength in visible light waves and easy to attract attention, it is also widely used in various media. In addition to good visual effects, it is also used to convey the corporate image and spirit of vitality, enthusiasm, warmth and enterprising. In addition, red is often used as the color of warning, danger, prohibition, fire prevention and other signs. People often see red signs on some occasions or objects.

Big red is generally used for striking, such as a red flag and a little red among evergreen trees; Light red is generally gentle, such as the layout of new houses and children's clothes. Crimson can generally be used as a foil, which has a deep and warm feeling.

Orange orange

Orange is a bright and lively color and the warmest color in the warm color system. It reminds people of golden autumn and rich fruits. It is a rich, happy and happy color. When orange is slightly mixed with black or white, it will become a steady, subtle and bright warm color, but when mixed with more black, it will become a burnt color; Adding more white to orange will bring a sweet and greasy feeling.

The visibility of orange is very high. Among the industrial safety colors, orange is a warning color, such as motorcycles, mountaineering clothes, backpacks, life jackets and so on. Orange can generally be used as a festive color, but also as a rich color, such as many decorations in the palace. Orange can be used as the decoration color of the restaurant. It is said that using oranges in restaurants can increase appetite.

Orange is matched with light green and light blue to form the loudest and happiest color. Orange and light yellow have a comfortable sense of transition. Generally, orange can't be matched with purple or dark blue, which will give people a feeling of uncleanness and obscurity. Because orange is very bright and dazzling, it sometimes makes people have a negative and vulgar image, which is especially easy to happen in the use of clothing. Therefore, when using orange, we should pay attention to the choice of matching colors and expressions in order to set off the bright, lively and delicious characteristics of orange.

Yellow yellow

Yellow is brilliant, with the brilliance of the sun, symbolizing the light of wisdom that illuminates the darkness. Yellow has golden light, symbolizing wealth and power, and is the color of pride. Among industrial colors, yellow is often used to warn of danger or remind attention, such as yellow lights on traffic signs, large machinery for engineering, raincoats and rain boots for students, etc. Yellow can achieve infinite expansion of power against the background of black and purple, and light pink can conquer the proud yellow prince like a girl. Yellow and green collocation, full of vigor and vitality; Yellow and blue match, it looks beautiful and fresh; Pale yellow and dark yellow are the most elegant combinations.

Pale yellow can match almost all colors, but if you want to stand out, you can't put it on other light colors, especially white, because it will make you see nothing.

Green green

In commercial design, the image of freshness, ideal, hope and growth conveyed by green meets the needs of service industry and medical care industry. In order to avoid eye fatigue when operating in factories, many working machines also use green, and in general medical institutions, space color planning often uses green, that is, marking medical supplies.

Bright green is a very beautiful and elegant color. It is full of vitality and symbolizes life. Green is generous and can accommodate almost all colors. Green has a wide range of uses. Whether in childhood, youth, middle age or old age, the use of green will never lose its liveliness and generosity. Green is indispensable in all kinds of paintings and decorations, and can also be used as a leisure color.

Green is yellow-green, simple and young; Green permeates blue into blue-green, handsome and open-minded. Gray-green is still a quiet and peaceful color, just like a forest in the twilight or a field in the morning fog. Dark green and light green have a harmonious and peaceful feeling together; Green and white collocation, looks very young; Light green with black, beautiful and generous. The combination of green and light red symbolizes the arrival of spring.

Blue blue

Blue is a broad color, and the vast scenery of the sky and the sea is blue. Blue is the symbol of eternity and the coldest color. Pure blue shows a kind of beauty, gentleness, reason, peace and cleanliness.

Blue has a rational and accurate image because of its calm characteristics. In commercial design, most commodities or corporate images that emphasize technology and efficiency choose blue as the standard color and corporate color, such as computers, cars, photocopiers and photographic equipment. In addition, blue also represents melancholy, which is influenced by western culture. This image is also used in literary works or commercial designs with emotional appeals.

Blue has a wide range of uses. Blue can calm the mood. Sky blue can be used as decoration for hospitals and sanitary facilities, and also as clothing and curtains in summer. Generally speaking, painting and various ornaments are also inseparable from blue.

Different combinations of blue and white are bright, refreshing and clean; Blue and yellow collocation, big contrast, big brightness; Large pieces of blue generally do not match green, but can only penetrate into blue-green, lake blue or cyan, which is also an intoxicating color; The combination of light green and black is solemn, mature and educated.

Purple purple

Because of its strong feminine characteristics, the use of purple in commercial design is also quite limited. In addition to the product or corporate image related to women, other designs are not often used as the main color.

Purple is the shortest visible light wave. Purple is an imperceptible color. It is beautiful and mysterious, giving a deep impression. It is both threatening and inspiring. Purple is a color that symbolizes piety. When light and understanding illuminate the pious color of ignorance, the beautiful and lovely aura will make people ecstatic!

Using purple to express loneliness and dedication, and using purple to express sacred love and spiritual realm, this is the performance value brought by purple.

Purple is in an uncertain state between cold and warm, and its low lightness constitutes the psychological negative feeling of this color. Unlike yellow, purple can't hold many colors, but it can hold many faded layers. A dark and pure purple will become a very beautiful and soft color as long as a small amount of white is added. With the continuous addition of white, there are many layers of lavender, and each layer of lavender is so soft and moving.

Brown brown

Brown is usually used to indicate the texture of original materials, such as hemp, wood, bamboo chips, cork and so on. , or convey the color and taste of some beverage raw materials, such as coffee, tea, wheat and so on. , or emphasize the classical and elegant corporate or commodity image.

White, white.

White has an advanced and high-tech image and usually needs to be used with other colors. Pure white will bring a cold and harsh feeling to others, so when using white, some other colors will be mixed, such as ivory white, beige white, milky white, apple white and so on. In the use of daily necessities and clothing, white is the main color that is always popular and can be matched with any color.

Black, black.

Black has a noble, steady and scientific image. Most of the colors used in TV, sports cars, cameras, stereos, instruments and many other scientific and technological products are black. In other aspects, the solemn image of black is also commonly used in the space design of some special occasions, and the design of daily necessities and clothing also uses black to create noble images. It is also a popular main color, which is suitable for matching with many colors.

Gray gray

The gray image is soft and elegant, belonging to the middle character, which can be accepted by both men and women. Therefore, gray is also the main color that will always be popular. In many high-tech products, especially those related to metal materials, almost all use gray to convey the image of advanced technology. When using gray, most of them use different levels of changes or other colors, so that they will not be dull, but will have a dull and rigid feeling.

Black and white are the last abstraction of color, representing the cathode and anode of the color world. Taiji patterns are black and white circles to show the eternal movement of the universe. Black means emptiness, like the destruction of the sun, like eternal silence, with no future and no hope. The white silence has infinite possibilities. Black and white are extremely opposite colors, and always show their strength by each other's existence. They seem to be the masters of the whole color world.

Gray is probably the most passive color in the color system. It is a completely neutral color, relying on the adjacent colors to get life. Gray means the disappearance of all color contrast and is the most stable rest point of vision. However, the human eye can't stare at the gray for a long time and indefinitely, because endless rest means death.

Black, white and gray occupy a very important position in color matching. They are active in various color combinations, changing each other's lightness, brightness and hue to the maximum extent, and producing multi-level and multi-variety beautiful colors. Therefore, they are achromatic colors that cannot be ignored.