Why is it that when 3Dmax paints exterior scenes, it is always white when there is exterior scenes in 3D pictures?

When watching, you must make progress in your understanding of lighting!

1. The worst thing I did in exterior renderings was lighting. It is not enough to make a parallel light and several auxiliary floodlights when the exterior effect map appears in the building. The whole scene looks dull. Do you have any good ideas?

A: I don't know if you are talking about darkness or daytime, just say daytime. There are several kinds of light, the first is the main light source, and the light on the exterior is the sun. Multiple parallel lights can be used for simulation, but only one light can't work at all. A light is too hard, so that the light is soft and shines obliquely downward. There is also external reflection, also called skylight, which is simulated by spotlight. The angle of light is set to be a little obtuse, and the attenuation of light is set to be a little larger to soften the light. Then there is reflection, which is simulated by spotlights and shines upward from below the ground, excluding the ground itself. The light is weaker than the main light source, setting a larger attenuation. Finally, fill the light, put a floodlight in the place where the light is too dark, and use the light discharge function to only illuminate the dark place. You can also try to use sunlight.

2. How is the realistic effect of the downlight made in the renderings? The downlight itself is bright, which has the effect of being illuminated by the surrounding downlights. How soft is the light? Answer; The so-called tube light you mentioned should be a body light effect, which consists of two parts. First, the brightness of the tube light is actually to adjust the self-luminous value of the material to a very high level, so that it looks bright and looks like a luminous body (not shining on it). Second, place a downward spotlight at the tube light, so that its direction has a certain inclination angle with the roof (the light shines on the wall or object), and the hardness of the light is softened, and the default value is 50. In fact, the feeling of light is "fake" for downlights, hehe! To be very good, you need to adjust the influence distance of light. If you want to produce light and shadow, use body light. In that case, the speed of the machine may face a severe test, because there is a lot of light in the rendering. In fact, this step can be added in photoshop, which will be much faster. I always thought photoshop meant fake weapons.

3. When I made the luminous effect from the center to the periphery, I executed the assistant/atmospheric equipment/sphere gizmo, made it in the view, and then executed the effect/addition/lens effect. After selecting several effects, how can I give them to OMNI in the scene? Did I use something wrong? A: Find out if the control panel has the "Pick gizmo" option, click it, and then select a light in the view.

4. What is the effect of lighting from the center to the periphery? A: There are many kinds of lights. Select the spotlight and adjust the data inside.

5. I just learned 3D. Excuse me, how to do the self-luminous effect of various lamps? Like the white spotlights on smallpox? A: On the right side of the material basic parameters panel, check the color under self-illumination, and a color block will appear behind it, and finally the color.

6. There is an article about finalrender global lighting on the website. After reading it, I did some research and got the effect of global lighting, but I don't quite understand it. Just want the effect of global lighting, you can't hit any lights. Like the interior decoration renderings, there will definitely be some places that need local lighting, so you must use spotlights to play. But after I turned on the light, the global lighting effect of finalreder was gone. My feeling is that after using the spotlight, the global lighting effect of finalrener is gone. If you use spotlights to illuminate the scene, how can you have the global lighting effect of finareder? A: Please note that the parameters used for local lighting should be set well, especially the attenuation parameters. Otherwise, the local effect will disturb the global effect.

7. I want to make an ice sculpture! Add small colored lights inside! I feel that there are colored lights shining inside! How? And how to do neon lights? And little decorative lanterns! How? Answer: Set the parameters of the built model material, put a floodlight in it, set the color, etc.

8. I want to make a luminous light bulb, but how can I make the effect of this light? A: Simple things can be added to photoshop. Good, too. Set the light to volume light. Try it with the video sticker that comes with 3dmax.

9. How to use the main light and auxiliary light in outdoor renderings? What light source is used for the main light and auxiliary light? Answer: The main light source uses spotlight or parallel light source to simulate sunlight, and the auxiliary light source can use anything. The key is to adjust the parameters according to the actual situation.

10, I would like to ask you, master, how to set the lighting parameters, how to hit the lighting to achieve the desired effect, such as how to match the main light and the auxiliary light, how to hit the light coming out of the ceiling? Is the attenuation set? It is very important to simulate the real lighting, so don't set the lighting multiple too high! Too high magnification will make your image very bad! ! Also, the renderer has a certain influence! The default renderer of 3d max is rough when dealing with global illumination (global diffuse reflection)! A higher renderer can also improve the rendering quality to some extent! Sets the attenuation level. The near attenuation is all set to 1, and the far error reduction is first set to 1, and then set to more than 2 times the space you occupy. The effect is quite good. 1 1. How did the shadow of my object come out? A: Just check the box in front of the cast shadow, but the shadow can only be seen in the rendering. That option is just below the color palette of the light source. Look carefully.

12, I fell in love with 3dmax after learning it at school, and now I am very interested in it because of my work needs. I would like to ask experts to give me some advice on how to light it up, thank you! A: Constantly adjust the parameters and constantly render to achieve your satisfactory results! When lighting, first play the overall situation, use a few far-stray lights, then find out what the main light is, and then adjust the light of the details. If it is an indoor renderings, generally not less than a few lights. In short, you must have money, and you can't be black and white everywhere.

13, the setting of lighting is a difficult point. I only know the meaning of lighting parameters, but I don't know how to use them flexibly. Ask an expert, what are the principles, steps and skills of lighting setting? A: The effect of the renderings comes from the lighting to a great extent. What I want to say is that the lighting of an effect picture should not be too messy, which will give people the feeling that there is no light source. In addition, some renderings should have a certain contrast between light and dark, otherwise it will give people a feeling of lifelessness, no sense of distance, and many more. I think Exclude must be used when lighting, and there must be attenuation. Some effects can be done in photoshop.

14. How to make the effect of strip light strips such as light slots in 3DS MAX? Answer: Use spotlight to simulate, jump hot spot value and attenuation. You can use the BOX command to make a light band with the desired size, and then map it, in which both DIFFUSE and amber are white, and the self-luminescence is 100. Gradient maps are used for opaque self-luminous map channels.

15. How to avoid perspective distortion in camera view? (Under lens 25) A: Have you ever studied photography? 25 is a wide-angle lens. The wide-angle lens must be deformed. Many photographers use it to do some special effects.

16. In 3d 4.0, its camera becomes very large. Is it a software error or something else? This refers to the green frame of the camera, not anything else. A: Change its focal length. There are camera parameter settings in the panel.

17, I want to use the camera view, but when I click the c key, I am told that there is no camera. What happened? Is it necessary to install a digital camera? A: That's because you didn't add a camera. Create it in the Create panel.

18, let me ask, how do I switch scenes when I am doing animation? I immediately went into the room outside the house. What should I do? A: Just add a camera and switch between the two cameras.

19, I ordered a camera, but the camera view never appears. What happened? A: Press the C key on the keyboard to bring up the camera view.

20. How to make the animation from the scene of the first camera to the scene of the second camera? Answer: 1: import two finished cameras into the video post, and adjust the two sets of key pins to the end-to-end position. 2. Track view can also do this, the method is the same as above, but there is no special effect.

2 1. Overview of lighting knowledge: The knowledge of lighting is too profound. There will be specialized lighting technicians in the real world, not to mention the lighting that needs more skills and experience in CG. But it is not unfathomable. As long as you practice a lot and accumulate experience, you will eventually get the lighting effect you want. Now I will talk about some lighting skills in general: 1, using three-point lighting settings: three-point lighting settings are classic lighting settings, including a main light source, a supplementary light source, a backlight or a strong light. 2. Area lighting: Area lighting is very useful when the camera moves in a large scene. A regional illumination can be established for the main area of the camera, which can make the whole scene reach uneven illumination intensity, which is beneficial to attract the attention of the audience in a specific area and increase the drama of the performance. 3. Scene lighting: Use various parameters of lighting to combine different atmospheres and scenes; You can use some techniques, such as color (application of cool and warm colors) and casting unique shadows. Add dramatic effects according to the situation to be told. 4. accent lighting: You can use accent lighting to create a real lighting effect in some specific situations, such as wall lamps and neon lights on the wall. 5. Camera lighting: only the objects seen in the camera are illuminated, which saves the time for setting lighting. 6. Use Verter Color instead of lighting: It is widely used in games and can reduce the time for calculating lighting. It is a rapid simulation, and the specific usage is not detailed. Finally, I want to ask a question. If you use max's default renderer to render the scene, in order to simulate the real diffuse reflection, you can use hundreds of light sources with low magnification, or choose a renderer that supports global illumination. Both methods will consume a lot of time, but the realism of the scene will be greatly improved! The mentalray renderer is recommended here, which can produce the best global illumination. In the max4.0 era, I almost never used independent plug-ins about lighting. Most special lighting effects are usually integrated into a large plug-in system. As we all know, the light and shadow effect of hair in shag fur/hair is realized by hair illumination. I mean, if you don't need special lighting effects, max's built-in lighting system can be used completely. As for the independent plug-in used to extend the lighting setting parameters, it is totally unnecessary. Those works that look good in lighting generally use plug-ins such as mr or fr that can render global lighting. Of course, there are a few that use a large number of point light sources to achieve global illumination, and the accuracy and authenticity cannot be calculated by plug-ins. There are many max novices who always complain that the lighting effect is poor and looks unreal when learning lighting. Well, don't rush to learn the global lighting renderer mentioned above. When you can skillfully use them, it depends on whether your current works have a strong realistic style!

22. What is a cross light? You mean lens halo? It can be done in the lens effect Flare of videopost or the special effect under the rendering menu. If you say that we can't create a surface light source like a fluorescent lamp in max, we have to use a powerful renderer like fr or mr to realize it. If you mean the latter, this is a good start. At least you have found the defect of default lighting in max, which is always a point light source, which is too different from the real world. I think I will be very talented in the future!

23. Why can't I achieve the expected effect every time I use the camera? Especially, how can the target camera not feel the impact on the target? How does it determine the goal? A: After the camera is selected, there will be a "Pick Target" button on the animation panel. I don't need to say more about this. (Or it is also a good choice to apply the gaze controller to the camera. )

24. As for the lighting, I can't get it right. Is there any good way? Will you teach me? And my camera. My friends always scold me when they read it, saying that I am an idiot with poor perspective and that it is deformed. I really don't know what to do. A: The lighting of 3dmax needs to be done layer by layer, and it can't be done at once. Its lighting is a perceptual practice. Some people say that the use of 3dmax lighting requires the painter's keen eye and the author's understanding of the characteristics of light and aesthetic ability, otherwise the picture will be very fake. Let's take the daytime indoor as an example to briefly introduce it. There are several kinds of light, the first is the main light source, which is sunlight. You can use multiple parallel lights to simulate, but one can't. The light is too hard. Set a large light attenuation to make the light soft and shine obliquely downward. There are also various reflections from the outside, also known as skylight. It is simulated by spotlight, and the light angle is set to be relatively large, obtuse and parallel to the room. Set a large light attenuation to make the light soft. At this time, the room is basically lit. Then there is reflection, which is simulated by spotlights and shines upward from below the ground, excluding the ground itself. The light is weaker than the main light source, and the attenuation setting is large, which is also an obtuse angle. Note that the brightness of the ceiling must be lower than the ground, and the reflection will not be brighter than the ground. Finally, fill the light. If the light is too dark and there is obvious black, put a floodlight, set the brightness appropriately, and its brightness is weak. Use the light exclusion function to only illuminate the darkness. Indoor lighting settings are basically the same as above. Generally, a lamp needs more than two lamps to be simulated in 3dmax, so the light generated is softer. If only one lamp is used to simulate, the picture will be obviously dead, white and ugly. Although it is against the reality to simulate one lamp with multiple lamps, 3dmax itself reflects the objective real world with subjective thoughts. We want to convey an idea and an emotion in the photo. So it is not unreasonable to make some changes within a certain range. The camera is actually very simple and emotional. Use your feelings to experience the changes in the picture. Deformation doesn't matter, deformation is not necessarily bad, as long as it reflects your thoughts. It just needs a certain aesthetic ability, and the quality of framing depends on it. This has a lot to do with max's renderer. The illumination in the 3d world is different from that in the real world, which is very important in max. The main reason is that the scanline renderer only initially calculates the global illumination, so the works rendered by max are not very real. Mental ray is a part of the complete installation of softimage, and it is one of the best renderers in the world, which can produce the best diffuse reflection.

25. How to insert sound into animation? A: 1. Open the Track View window. 2. Click Filter to open the Filter dialog box, select the animation track in the Display Only option group, and then click OK. 3. Only the sound and object options will appear in Track View to expand it. 4. Right-click the sound and choose Properties from the menu. 5. Click Select Sound to select a sound file *. In the pop-up dialog, wav. Select what looks like two boxes on the toolbar, then select the sound (which should be on it), and then select the sound you want.

26. When I make renderings, the walls and lights are always pale. Is there any way to improve them? Mainly the wall, but its RGB is all 230. Is there a better way to make it gray or scrape the glue wall? A: Don't memorize the parameters. Turn the light slowly. Maybe you turned the light multiple too big. Try to put it down slowly.

27. What method is used to make architectural travel animation? A: Just follow the camera. You can take the camera (free camara) as an ordinary object and let it move along the path you want. The controllers used generally include path control and "gaze" controller.

28. How to represent the light source? For example, how to show the effect of a light bulb when making a street lamp? A: In the Material Editor, use the self-luminous option. Turn the light bulb into self-luminous, and the light bulb will light up. But there is still light in the light bulb, and there must be shadows. If you use max5, it will be easy. First of all, you should choose the material type to give priority to light transmission, and then raise the luminous value below, and then render it after light transmission. This is the real light from the physical nature. You can make a cone, adjust its self-luminous and color to white, or make a spotlight in the center.

29. After adding lights, should there be an option to indicate that shadows will appear automatically after adding lights? Answer: Enter the modification panel, click the light (it may be a bit difficult to choose, take your time), and then there will be a check box showing shadows in the modification parameters. The default value is unchecked, which means there is no shadow. To create a shadow, just select it. You can see the effect after rendering.

30. How to make the effect of lightning? A: Right-click the object's properties and select the image under motion blur. Select the object channel as 1 under G-buffer. Enter the rendering drop-down Video Post to add perspective, click Add Image Filtering Event, double-click to select lens effect to emit light, click Install, select the object ID of 1, and click VP Queue under Properties. Enter Lnferno, and then click Electri. Check red, green and blue, and other parameters are to be determined.

3 1, what is the basis for the main light to play! Is it regular? What are the characteristics of the free commercial advertisements being used? There are many lights at night, such as colored lights and spotlights. It's sunshine during the day, and there are many reflections. It is not good to play more floodlights. Use sunlight to add some floodlights. The main difference between a free camera and a target camera is that it has no target point and other parameters are the same. It is especially suitable for making roaming animations through paths and some simple position recording animations. Because it has no target point, the swing of the lens needs to be realized by the rotation of the camera itself. For some animations that need accurate target tracking, it is powerless.