Techniques and methods of autumn photography

Photography is an applied science of photography with the formation and development of traditional photography technology. Based on photographic optics, photographic chemistry and electronic technology, it has formed a unique shooting system in long-term practice. The following are my autumn photography skills and methods, welcome to read!

1. Composition principle

You must learn to observe the scene and the surrounding environment through the lens, and choose the best shooting point to get the most satisfactory composition. When framing and composition, we need to pay attention to the following points:

Highlight the subject

Before shooting, we should first "make up our minds" as before painting, and consider what is mainly shown in the picture and where the subject is arranged. Then through the light, color, lines, shapes and other modeling means, to achieve the purpose of highlighting the main body.

visual balance

A photo with a balanced composition can give people a sense of stability and harmony. There are two kinds of balance: symmetric balance and asymmetric balance. Asymmetric balance composition is often more dynamic than symmetric balance composition. The size, shape, weight and direction of the scene, as well as color, have an important influence on the visual balance.

the contrast between the virtual and the real

the virtual and the real refers to the degree of clarity and ambiguity between the subject and the foreground and background of the space. The techniques used are nothing more than hiding the virtual and revealing the real, alternating the virtual and the real, supporting the real with the virtual. Its purpose is to highlight the main body, render the atmosphere and enhance the sense of space depth. Reality mainly represents the subject of the subject; Imagination is mainly to show the companion of the subject to set off the subject, which is an important link in the artistic conception of the picture.

Pay attention to the composition of rhythm and melody photography. The subjects appear alternately in the same or similar form and are repeated in an orderly manner, thus forming rhythm; If the rhythm shows dynamic changes such as lines, comfort, harmony and ups and downs, it becomes a melody, thus making the picture beautiful, lyrical and smooth. Rhythm and melody are important links to deepen the theme, which are included in the contrast and tone of lines, colors and light.

Simplicity

In fact, photography is "subtraction", which means that it is best to remove all the objects irrelevant to the theme, and the simpler the better. Especially for beginners, composition should start with simplicity.

sky

in landscape photography, the sky is a very important part, and in many cases the sky is the main part of composition, and the beauty of many natural imaginations in nature is enough to shock people. Therefore, a good photographer should always pay attention to the changes of the weather, so as to sum up some natural laws, such as the sunset glow after the rain is the most beautiful, and if the sun shines after the rain, you will see a rainbow and so on.

reference

sometimes it is difficult for us to judge the actual size of the object only by the scenery in the photo, but we can "feel" the size of the scene through the familiar reference. This kind of reference is usually used to express the grandeur and grandeur of nature.

second, the use of light

the success of photography depends to a great extent on the results of the use of light. Light directly affects color and tone, lines and shapes. Therefore, in the same scenic spot, shooting the same scenery, if the light is different, will produce different composition artistic conception and different atmosphere photos.

Sunlight

The light comes from the front of the scene, and there is no shadow in the scene, so the contrast is small, and its color, line, shape and atmosphere can be truly expressed.

Side light

When the light comes from one side of the photographed scene, the scene will produce shadows and contrast, which will make the shape, lines and texture stand out, thus producing a changeable composition. This is often used in photography.

Backlight

The light comes from the back of the photographed scene, and most of the scene is in the shadow, while the strong contour light can evenly draw out the clear shape of the object, thus creating a bright and concise picture.

diffuse light

in this light, the scenery has no obvious contrast, and the color tone is flat and changes little. Therefore, the shape, lines and texture of the scenery are not obvious.

third, the use of lines

lines are the skeleton of composition. Any visual work is inseparable from lines.

There are trees, grass, telephone poles, rivers, waves, etc. Usually, different lines can give people different visual images. For example, the horizontal line can express stability and tranquility, the vertical line can express solemnity and strength, the oblique line has vitality, vigor and movement, and the curves and wave lines are weak, leisurely and attractive. Thick lines are heavy, thin lines are light, thick lines are strong, thin lines are weak, solid lines are static and dotted lines are moving, which can be used vividly in composition.

IV. Shooting theme

Shooting of fog scene

Scenery photos of fog scene, the picture is interesting, fresh and elegant, like an ink painting. In the vast and flat fields, the fog is relatively stable, and photographers can calmly conceive and create; The fog in the mountain area is floating and changeable, so the photographer should seize the opportunity and press the shutter when the main body is half covered and half covered.

the nature in the fog seems to be absent, and sometimes it appears, giving viewers a feeling like a fairyland visually. However, tourism photographers should understand that if the fog is too thick, it is not suitable for photography.

The light in foggy days is scattered light, so it is difficult to show the shape of the object and the color of the picture. The close shot is clearer, and the farther the scene is, the more blurred it is. When choosing scenery, tourism photographers should take the scenery with a certain outline and a contrast of light and shade; Deal with the relationship between the foreground and the background, showing the level of the picture.

Photographers can include colorful flowers in the foreground, or arrange a model dressed in red clothes (or other props) to embellish the whole painting, thus creating a strong visual contrast. In a single-tone scene, as long as there are few objects with different colors in it, this object is particularly conspicuous, which is the principle of color contrast. It should be noted that in composition, the proportion of scenes with prominent colors should not be too large, otherwise the visual effect of fog scene will be destroyed.

When shooting fog scenes, the exposure should be appropriately increased by 1EV. If you want to shoot scenery photos with high-profile effect, the exposure can be increased by 1.5——2EV. Although foggy days are mostly scattered light, we can observe the direction of sunlight carefully, but there are still some points of being adverse. In the case of forward light, the picture should be dull, and in the case of reverse light, the fog scene can be photographed, which can increase the perspective effect of the picture.

by the way, the humidity is high in foggy days, so tourists should pay attention to protect the delicate camera from moisture, and should take it out of the bag when they need to shoot, and put it in the drying box to absorb moisture in time after traveling home.

How to shoot the sunrise and sunset

When shooting the sunrise on the mountain, you should know the time and direction of the sunrise in advance, arrange the picture according to the far and near scenery, and choose the shooting point.

If there are no clouds in the sky, the fiery red sun will suddenly appear. When the red sun is just round, it is a good time to shoot. If you hesitate a little, the unique red color of the rising sun will disappear quickly.

If there are low clouds in the sky, the red sun is often covered, but gorgeous colors often appear between clouds. In order to improve the shooting success rate, several exposure schemes can be designed to combine shooting.

At sunset, the sun looks big and round. If there are flaming clouds around, the scenery is quite charming. For correct exposure, several exposure schemes should also be designed to combine shooting.

shooting of waterscape

When traveling, people go everywhere, ranging from rivers and lakes to small streams. As the saying goes, mountains are heavy and water is another scene, so the shooting of waterscape occupies a very important part in landscape photography. The shooting of waterscape can be roughly divided into: beaches, rivers, streams, lakes and so on.

When shooting scenery at the seaside, the beach often looks empty. Photographers should pay more attention to observation and thinking when choosing pictures, and properly choose and arrange the foreground (rocks and coconut trees), the middle scene (fishing boats sailing in the sea) and the distant view (clouds on the horizon). When taking pictures at the seaside, they should also pay attention to the balance of sea level, otherwise the eye-catching diagonal lines in the photos will make viewers feel uncomfortable.

At the same time, due to the lack of changes in beach lines, photographers can choose a higher position to shoot diagonally with waves or beaches to create a visual effect. Banners are relatively used in composition to show the breadth of the sea. Here, you can also tell the photographer a way. If there are no clouds on the sea and the sky, and the picture is dull, you can install a rainbow mirror in front of the camera, and the shooting effect will make you have a bright surprise.

When shooting a river, photographers should cut the curved part of the river, use curves to guide people's sight, pay attention to adjusting different tone levels, and use flowers and trees on the shore as the foreground. When shooting the river (seascape) in the morning and evening, you can take more photos by adding or subtracting compensation exposure to get photos with different tone effects.

When shooting a mountain stream, because the scene is small, photographers can choose the composition technique of shooting in the middle or diagonal of the stream, and at the same time use vertical shooting to deepen the depth of the picture and obtain a greater scene effect. Shooting streams is mostly handy sketches, so photographers have to win with light and color.

Due to the dim light in the mountain stream, a tripod is used to stabilize the camera when shooting. When shooting a stream or waterfall, the photographer can use a high shutter speed (1/5 second) to freeze a clear picture, or use a slow speed (1-3 seconds, depending on the flow rate) to create a dreamlike flowing water like smoke. If the light is bright, you can also install a reducing mirror in front of the camera. If tourists don't have a reducing mirror, you can use multiple exposures to achieve the same effect. It's just that this method needs exposure value conversion, so it's not recommended for beginners.

When shooting the scenery of the lake, because the water surface is as calm as a mirror, tourists can pay attention to shooting the reflection in the water to show the tranquility of the lake. Of course, throwing a stone into a calm water surface, stirring up layers, or rowing across a boat can increase the movement of the picture and make the form active. Therefore, it is a creative way to shoot the water features on the lake.

Taboo tips for outdoor shooting:

Avoid direct sunlight shooting

Bright sunshine provides good lighting conditions, which makes the scenery lively and saturated with colors, and provides conditions for using high-speed shutters and small apertures. However, strong sunlight will also bring problems. The most prominent thing is that its dazzling light will make the subject's eyes open. At the same time, high-angle direct light will also cause a heavy shadow on the face of the character and damage the beauty of the character's image. Therefore, when taking photos outdoors, you should let the sun shine on the subject from the side and avoid facing the sun directly.

Don't photograph people too close to colored environment

Under bright light, the reflection of objects will be enhanced. In this case, people should try to stay away from those bright and colorful scenes (such as the exterior walls of newly painted buildings, large awnings, etc.), otherwise the colors of those scenes will be mapped on people, resulting in color cast.

avoid standing on the concrete floor to take photos when the light is overhead

Because the surface of the concrete floor is flat and light in color, it will form strong reflected light. This bottom-up "foot light" often causes a horrible effect and should be avoided as far as possible.

avoid standing by the tree to take photos

light and shadow complement each other, and the stronger the light, the deeper the shadow. When people stand by a tree to take pictures, the sun often projects leaves on people's bodies and faces, causing mottled shadows and damaging the aesthetic feeling of the picture.