What is the purpose of Chang 'e 3' s trip to the moon?

at 1: 3 on December 2, the Chang 'e III B carrier rocket was launched in xichang satellite launch center. At 2: 21, xichang satellite launch center announced that the Chang 'e-3 probe had entered the scheduled orbit and the launch was a complete success.

Chang 'e-3 will have a 13-day journey from 1: 3 a.m. to a soft landing on the Hongwan area of the moon. One of the biggest attractions of this trip to the moon is that Chang 'e went out with a jade rabbit. After Chang 'e lands, she will choose the opportunity to complete the release of the "Yutu" lunar rover. The "Yutu" lunar rover moved to the transfer mechanism, moved in place with the transfer mechanism, and left the transfer mechanism to reach the lunar surface.

The Yutu is 1.1 meters tall, 1.5 meters long and 1 meter wide, which is a little bigger than an ordinary desk, but it weighs about 14 kilograms. The whole body is glittering and dazzling. "Golden Flower" is to reflect the bright light of the moon in the daytime, reduce the temperature difference between day and night, block the radiation of various high-energy particles in the universe, and support and protect more than 1 sets of scientific detection instruments such as infrared imaging spectrometer and laser lattice device in the belly of the lunar rover.

There are two solar panels that can be opened on the shoulders, and six wheeled mobile devices on the legs. The Jade Rabbit has extremely high requirements on wheels. During the development, researchers have come up with dozens of schemes such as four-wheel, six-wheel, eight-wheel and crawler-type schemes. In the end, it is determined to be a scheme of "six-wheel independent drive and four-wheel independent steering". "Yutu" is equipped with an antenna for earth-moon dialogue and communication; Navigation cameras overhead and obstacle avoidance cameras at the front and rear; A mechanical arm responsible for drilling, grinding and sampling.

Yutu plans to work on the lunar surface for 3 months. During the moonlit period, the lander conducts scientific exploration in situ, and the lunar rover conducts patrol survey. During the moonlit night, both of them are powered off and sleep, relying on isotope heat sources to keep the temperature of the whole device. After the moonlit night, wake up by the light and continue to carry out the detection task. The working time of the lander on the lunar surface is one year, and the lunar rover is three months.

Because the temperature difference between day and night of the moon is very large, the temperature is as high as 15 degrees Celsius in daytime and as low as-18 degrees Fahrenheit at night. In order to adapt to the extreme environment, the "Yutu" lunar rover can withstand the temperature difference of 3 degrees Celsius by using heat-conducting fluid loop, heat insulation components, heat dissipation surface design, electric heater and isotope heat source. It takes more than 28 days for the moon to make a circle around the earth, and the moon rotates for 28 days. This means that a day and night on the moon is equivalent to 28 days on the earth. The lowest temperature on the moon surface at night can be reduced to 18 degrees Celsius below zero, and the electronic equipment cannot work at all. One night on the moon is equivalent to 14 days on earth. To this end, the researchers designed a sleep mode for the "Yutu"-14 days of work and 14 days of "sleeping".

When it's time to "sleep", you will automatically go to sleep to recharge your batteries, and when it's time to "get up", you can automatically wake up and go back to work. This regular routine of "work at sunrise and rest in the day" has greatly enhanced the survival ability of "Yutu" to adapt to the harsh environment on the moon surface.

after experiencing extremely low temperature, "moonlit night awakening" is a difficult problem. The researchers designed a retractable solar array for the lunar rover, which was unfolded at work during the day and put away at night to wrap the instruments and equipment inside. This kind of "wrapped sleep" helps to protect various instruments from freezing, ensure that the lunar rover has the remaining power to "wake up on its own" and re-deploy solar panels to meet the sun.

For some particularly delicate equipment, the car has specially prepared a "warm treasure"-a nuclear battery. The data show that the nuclear battery provides electric energy for a very long time, and a coin-sized nuclear battery can be used for 5 days. If this technology is successful, China will become the third country in the world to apply nuclear power to space exploration after the United States and Russia.

During the daytime, the solar panels of the "Yutu" lunar rover should be adjusted to avoid being too hot by the sun. On the hottest afternoon, the lunar rover will have a "lunch break". The design life of the "Yutu" lunar rover is 3 months, which means that it will experience 3 moon white days and 3 moon nights. All the work should be done in the "morning" and "afternoon" of the lunar time.

With these means and methods, the "Three Girls" can protect themselves well and survive on the moon, thus working with the scientific load they carry.

A successful launch is only the beginning, and there are still many difficulties waiting for the "Three Girls". It takes 13 days to fly from the earth to the "station" on the surface of the moon. Go through five stages. Especially the last 12 minutes of landing is a big play. Let's wait and see.

Good luck, Chang 'e III.