Will Jiuzhaigou be rebuilt? Will Jiuzhaigou recover?

Jiuzhaigou is a very magical place, known as paradise on earth. However, the earthquake some time ago caused unprecedented damage to the whole Jiuzhaigou scenic spot, and many scenic spots disappeared completely. Will Jiuzhaigou be rebuilt or restored in the future?

Destruction and creation

2065438+August 8th 2 1: 00 19: 00

A sudden earthquake of magnitude 7

Attacked the most popular tourist attractions in China.

Jiuzhaigou Valley

The dams of several originally colorful mountain lakes collapsed.

The lake overflowed instantly and almost dried up.

(The picture below shows the sea of fireworks that has been drained to the bottom. )

It used to be nearly 300 meters wide with beaded waterfalls.

nuorilang waterfall

Waste and destruction are like slopes in the countryside.

Fall from heaven

Jiuzhaigou only took one day.

The speed of change is embarrassing.

People may be glad that they enjoyed the scenery in Jiuzhai.

Or regret not being there.

It seems that the destruction of Jiuzhaigou is a foregone conclusion.

Has the beauty really disappeared?

Of course not!

If we understand the formation history of Jiuzhaigou

You will understand that a landscape wants to "cultivate" to the level of Jiuzhaigou.

It will experience unimaginable "hardships".

For nature,

This injury is really negligible.

and

All hardships are cultivation.

All destruction is creation.

Ⅰ

Jiuzhaigou is located at the easternmost tip of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Located in the transition zone to Sichuan Basin.

(The red water drop in the picture is the location of Jiuzhaigou. The map is from @Google and marked by the Planetary Research Institute. )

400 million years ago

This is still a shallow sea.

The sea is clear and warm, and the sun shines directly on the seabed.

A large number of ancient creatures thrive here.

(Paleozoic marine biological art restoration map)

Day after day photosynthesis

Bones left by the death of generations of creatures.

Make unremarkable substances

Started accumulating here for many years.

This substance is

calcium (Ca)

Calcium is deposited on the seabed in the form of carbonate rocks.

Hundreds of millions of years later, its total thickness is as high as.

Four kilometers

Equivalent to the surface of Jiuzhaigou.

Covering the thickness of 50 loess plateaus.

In the distant future

It will be the most important material basis for forming the beautiful scenery of Jiuzhaigou.

(The average loess thickness on the Loess Plateau is 50-80m；; The picture below is a sample of algae limestone, a kind of carbonate rock)

65 million years ago

The Indian plate and the Eurasian plate began to collide.

Severe uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

So far.

3.3 million years ago

The eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen to 3000 meters above sea level.

A thick layer of carbonate rocks covers it.

A flat plateau mountain.

born

This is the embryonic form of Jiuzhaigou.

(Shooting the area around Jiuzhaigou on the way from Chengdu to Jiuhuang Airport, with Minshan as the peak)

meanwhile

The gods of destruction and creation began to come.

Jiuzhaigou's future is doomed to be turned upside down.

Ⅱ

The first destroyer and creator to appear is

glacier

2.6 million years ago

With the advent of the ice age, the global temperature plummeted.

Jiuzhaigou, as a plateau mountain.

Large-scale alpine glaciers have been formed.

Glaciers strongly erode the peaks.

The mild crust was destroyed by glaciers.

The mountain peak began to steep.

(schematic diagram of tinder formed by glacier denudation peak, the original picture was published in Glacier Physical Geology and 1958.

Glaciation, revised by Planetary Research Institute and added in Chinese)

There are three most important peaks.

They are Zhayi Zhaga Mountain, Dage Mountain and Wolosega Mountain.

Zhayi Zhaga Mountain is 4400 meters above sea level.

The peak is towering, piercing the sky.

(The peaks in Jiuzhaigou area are all below the snow line, which is a seasonal snow-capped mountain; The local people think that the mountain is the ancestor of Wanshan, and the lake below is Lianhai Lake, which consists of several small banded lakes.

Mount Vorosega is 4 1 14m above sea level.

The posture is lofty and often foggy.

(There are also elevation data marked as 4 136m; The picture below was taken in Shuzheng Stockaded Village)

Dage Mountain is 4 106 meters above sea level.

The mountain is made of bare limestone, tall and strong.

According to local legends, Dago is a male mountain and Vorosei is a goddess mountain. They are a pair of lovers who have gone through a lot of hardships. The picture below was taken at Pearl Beach)

After the denudation of the mountain peak is initially completed

The temperature rises and the glaciers melt.

A bigger "destruction" is brewing.

earlier times

700,000 years ago

The second ice age is back.

Glaciers are bigger and cut harder.

Flat plateau land

Painted a series of deep and wide u-shaped valleys.

(About 700,000 years ago-160,000 years ago; Dynamic diagram of U-shaped valley formed by glacier, pay attention to animation. Finally, after the glaciers retreated, ice bucket lakes and moraine lakes were left on the surface. )

The important valley of Jiuzhaigou scenic spot today

Most of them were formed by glaciers at that time.

(topographic map of Jiuzhaigou; Chawagou, Rizegou and Shuzheng Valley constitute the Y-shaped valley distribution of Jiuzhaigou, and the main scenic spots are distributed in these three valleys; The map originated from Google, viewed from north to south, marked by the Planetary Research Institute)

Typical Chawagou in Lu Ze

It is nearly 32 kilometers long.

It is the longest ditch in Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area.

The rock walls on both banks are steep, with a slope of 60-90 degrees.

The narrowest place is only 20-30 meters.

Looking down from the air, there is quite a tendency to land on the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.

(In the picture, the lake is the long sea at the end of Chawa ditch. The photo was taken by the Air Force Yun -9 aircraft from south to north; Because the precipitation continues to cut after the glaciers recede, the valley shape of Jiuzhaigou is now more U-shaped than V-shaped.

230,000 years ago

Glacier retreat

A mountain originally covered by glaciers.

There are many ice fighting lakes.

For example, the black lake near Zhayi Zhaga Mountain.

Because the lake is deep.

Against the background of the surrounding snow, it looks completely dark.

(Formed about 235,000 years ago-19,000 years ago; Ice bucket is a kind of concave land surrounded by mountains on three sides. Due to the change of season and day and night temperature, the snow melts and freezes repeatedly, and the molten water penetrates into the cracks of the rock, and expands after freezing, which makes the rock disintegrate and break, and the debris is taken away by the molten water, forming a concave land. )

In the valley at a lower altitude.

Many moraine lakes have been formed.

The most famous is the largest lake in Jiuzhaigou.

Changhai

In the rainy season, the water volume reaches 46 million cubic meters.

It is equivalent to three West Lakes.

(Changhai was formed about 235,000 years ago-19,000 years ago)

Such a large lake was formed at the same time.

It also encroached on the water volume of the ancient lakes downstream.

Causing the downstream ancient lakes to dry up and disappear.

It can be said that life must die.

(Long sea and frozen lake in winter)

Land eroded by glaciers has become extremely fragile.

A group of destroyers and creators who are more "noisy" than glaciers began to show off frequently.

They are caused by earthquakes and gravity.

Collapse, landslide, debris flow, etc.

21100,000 years ago

A large number of mountains collapsed in the north and south of Nuorilang.

Collapse and slip materials are superimposed sharply.

At the bottom of the valley, water gradually accumulates and forms.

Slightly convex arc vertical cliff face

The widest waterfall in Jiuzhaigou

Nuorilang Waterfall was born.

(Formed about 2 13000 years ago-189000 years ago; The waterfall collapsed seriously during the August 8 earthquake)

Especially when autumn comes.

Nuorilang Waterfall is colorful against the surrounding plants.

I can't imagine such a beautiful scenery at all.

It was once born because of a mountain collapse.

It was destroyed by the earthquake.

(Please look at the mobile phone on the horizontal screen)

Shuzheng Waterfall downstream of Norilang Waterfall

It was also formed by landslides.

(The time is about 213,000 years ago-189,000 years ago, Shuzheng Waterfall was shot at the waterfall stack. )

Jiuzhaigou "destroyed" by glaciers, collapses and landslides.

A wave of unrest rises again and again

65438+600,000 years ago

The third ice age is coming.

The power of the wild is overweight.

Not only does the valley continue to deepen and widen

A lot of siltation is formed in many places to block the river course.

The blocked place was flooded into a lake.

Form a dammed lake

(Dynamic schematic diagram of dammed lake formation)

Wuhuahai is known as the most beautiful lake in Jiuzhaigou.

At this time, the debris flow blocked the river.

It can still be seen that the debris flow fan extends to both sides of the lake.

(The formation time was about 6.5438+0.6 million years ago-30,000 years ago. The picture below shows the five sea of flowers in aerial photography. )

Arrow and Bamboo Sea in the Upper Reaches of Five Flowers Sea

It is also caused by the same reason

(The formation time is unknown, and the tail of the lake is silted up)

Lakes formed by early glaciers

I can't escape the fate of being blocked and destroyed by falling rocks.

However, fate is always so strange.

After the "destruction", the lake became bigger and more beautiful than before.

Such as Panda Sea.

The area of the lake area has reached several times before.

Blue is incomparable even to sapphire.

(The reasons for the formation of the Panda Sea also include the accumulation of biogenic travertine, which was formed about 235,000-654,38+0.9 million years ago; The picture below shows the aerial panda sea)

As can be clearly seen from the picture below.

There are many mountains on both sides of the Panda Sea.

In case of mountain collapse

It is easy to form a new weir body and change the present situation of Haizi.

Compared with glaciers, collapses, landslides and mudslides

Another destroyer and creator is silent.

it is

water

A large amount of precipitation destroyed the carbonate strata underground in Jiuzhaigou.

Formed an extremely powerful groundwater system.

Cracks or holes cut by water can be seen almost everywhere.

(One of the exits of Jiuzhaigou Underground River)

Water flows in or out along cracks in lava.

The part flowing out of the surface

Into beautiful streams and rivers.

Connect the lakes in series along the valley.

(Peacock River in Jiuzhaigou)

The current not only replenishes the lake.

It also brought the important substances mentioned above.

calcium (Ca)

Water dissolves calcium in carbonate rocks.

Sedimentation along the way

The deposits formed are called travertine.

Travertine adheres to rocks and the bottom of lakes.

Even attached to the fallen tree.

(Wuhuahai, travertine on underwater trees; In addition, there is another truth: the scale at the bottom of the general household kettle is the same substance as calcium Huawei, and the difference between beauty and ugliness lies in the location; )

/kloc-0.0 million years ago

Travertine deposition gradually entered a stable period.

The travertine we saw in Jiuzhaigou today.

Most of them were formed during this period.

Every little makes a mickle.

Began to show great destructive power

They pile up into dams.

Cut a "good" river into "blocks"

(The aerial photography of Shuzheng Qunhai shows that most of the bar dams in the middle are formed by travertine deposits. )

But also created a new landscape.

The most typical thing is that trees are a group of seas.

The dam piled with travertine has formed 23 large and small Haizi in the valley.

The spacing is very small, more than 600 meters in a row.

In autumn, the forest is completely dyed.

Is the water full of colorful plants?

Or jasper water everywhere?

It's already indistinguishable

(Please look at the phone horizontally; Under the guidance of the ranger, the photographer passed through the backyard of a Tibetan family and finally found an excellent high position with a panoramic view of the trees and the sea. The reasons for the formation of Shuzheng Group Sea also include weir accumulation and bio-accelerated travertine deposition. )

The precipitation of travertine can also form waterfalls.

Such as arrow bamboo sea waterfall

The accumulated travertine gradually raised the river channel.

So as to form a waterfall platform.

The water poured down, and it was beautiful.

(Jianzhuhai Waterfall)

The same is true of Pearl Beach Waterfall, with a bigger drop.

(Pearl Beach Waterfall)

Even Norilang Falls

It is also because of travertine that it becomes more spectacular.

Please watch your mobile phone on the horizontal screen. Aerial photography provides us with a rare opportunity to bring the waterfalls and lakes above into our field of vision. The Nuorilang Sea in the upper reaches of Nuorilang is an important source of travertine, photographer @ Wei Wei)

The color of travertine also enriches the landscape of Jiuzhaigou to a greater extent.

According to the different microbial communities growing on the surface

Travertine will appear in different colors.

Include light yellow, brown, grayish white, light gray, grayish yellow, etc.

These different colors of travertine are deposited on the bottom of the lake.

Plus the colorful surrounding plants.

Five ancient flower seas

Since then, it has become an extremely gorgeous world.

Wuhai sea

Travertine, algae, aquatic plants and dead wood at the bottom of the lake

Different reflection and absorption of light

Plus blue sky, white clouds, green grass and colorful forests.

"Five Flowers" obviously can't describe its variety.

(Please look at the mobile phone on the horizontal screen)

Glaciers, collapses, landslides, mudslides, running water, travertine

These saboteurs and creators

In this way, we worked together to complete the creation of an amazing work of art.

However, things are not over yet.

49 years ago

Humans entered Jiuzhaigou with modern logging tools.

12 years from 1968 to 1979.

Logging is carried out at a rate of more than 654.38 million cubic meters per year.

The whole forest disappeared.

Soil erosion and debris flow disasters have intensified.

One third of Haizi in the ditch suffered from drought.

It was not until 1978 that Jiuzhaigou established a nature reserve.

1992 is listed as a world heritage site.

The large-scale man-made destruction in Jiuzhaigou has been gradually eliminated.

today

The growth of Hao Hao soup in the past 400 million years

Create while destroying.

No force can stop Jiuzhaigou from changing with each passing day.

An earthquake cannot "destroy" the beauty of Jiuzhaigou.

Jiuzhaigou in the future

There must be some old landscapes disappearing.

There will be new scenery born.

Anyway/anyway/anyway

It will be as pure as the sea.

Woniuhai

It will be like a dream.

(Shuzheng Flower Sea, shot on Shuzheng Village Mountain)

It will be colorful.

(Please look at your mobile phone horizontally, Rhino Lake)

And we may not have a chance to see its charm.

Because its natural recovery time is as short as a few years.

I have lived for generations and hundreds of generations.

Although in geological history

This is still a short moment.

As people say

(From Su Shi's "Thousand Red Cliffs Fu")

"It's a drop in the bucket to send ephemera into the ground.

Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. "