The Republic of Sudan has huge oil resources, but why is it still in poverty and war?

Huxley's theory of evolution mentioned the definition of race, and Huxley believed that race is self-existent. ? Human beings have never stopped fighting since they had a racial view. This is the case in history, now and in the future. South Sudan, the youngest country in the world today, is it? Old club? There are irreconcilable racial contradictions between Sudan.

1955 before Sudan's independence, a mutiny occurred in southern Sudan, which led to the first Sudanese civil war. 1983, due to religious reasons, civil war broke out again in north and south Sudan; It was not until 2005 that the second Sudanese civil war came to an end. After a six-year transition period, the residents of southern Sudan will decide whether to become independent through a referendum.

▲ Khartoum, the capital of the Republic of Sudan

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In the referendum of 2011,most voters supported the independence of southern Sudan. On July 9, 20 1 1, the Republic of South Sudan was formally established, becoming the oldest in the world. Small? This country. However, although this young country is rich in oil resources, its national economy is poor, and the shadow of war has always hung over it, and civilians have fled. The ethnic conflict between the Nuer people and the Dinka people is still going on and getting worse.

Looking back, we will find that ethnic conflicts have always run through the history of South Sudan. There are very serious ethnic conflicts not only between South Sudan and Sudan, but also within South Sudan. This also has a lot to do with their geographical location. The Sahara Desert is the black-and-white African dividing line of the African continent. Sub-Saharan Africa is the hometown of black people in nigro. Most residents of White Africa are Arabs belonging to the Europa race.

Sudan lies at the junction of Arabs and blacks.

▲ Arabs

Historically, Sudan and South Sudan originally belonged to black civilization. In about13rd century, Arabs conquered northern Sudan and gradually turned it into an Arab Muslim country. Until 182 1, Egypt occupied the whole north and south of Sudan, which was completely unified for the first time.

But the blacks who once lived here became slaves, and the Egyptians and Arabs became the social ruling class.

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From 65438 to 1970s, Britain, the colonial overlord at that time, began to expand into Sudan. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, Britain and Egypt jointly occupied this area of Sudan. At this time, Sudan actually became a British colony, and the situation of blacks was even more tragic. At that time, Britain deliberately strictly isolated the north and south of Sudan and prohibited exchanges and trade between the two sides. South Sudan is divided into three parts. English has replaced Arabic as their official language, and Arabic has been abolished. Although they are allowed to keep their local culture, Christianity is compulsory.

▲ Christians in South Sudan

In this case, the Arab elements gradually disappeared from the black culture, and the distance from the northern Muslim civilization became larger and larger, and the conflict intensified. Therefore, after Sudan's independence, the North and the South did not consider themselves as a unified country at all, lacked the most basic national identity, and were completely in the state of strange bedfellows, and the national estrangement and contradiction were expanding day by day.

Northern Sudan regards them as descendants of Arabs, which discriminates against the south, and regards blacks as barbarians and considers them inferior. After Sudan's independence, the Arabs in power did not intend to change this situation. They ignored the south economically and imposed Islam. Black people have been persecuted and their situation has not improved.

For them, what Balzac said is very applicable: equality may be a right, but there is no power to make it a reality. ?

▲ Photo of South Sudan

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The Sudanese government has never taken any measures to improve the living environment in the south. Even though 1980 discovered a large amount of oil reserves in the south, the government never thought of using it to develop the economy of the south. A large amount of crude oil is directly transported to the north for production and export, and the resulting wealth is also used in the north.

The oil monopoly in northern Sudan further compressed the living space of southern blacks, and the second civil war broke out between the two sides in 1983.

In the end, the independence of South Sudan was the result of the active promotion of the United States. For the United States, the oil in South Sudan has long been their dream. However, after South Sudan became independent, it faced various problems. Although they have abundant oil reserves, the life of the people of South Sudan is not completely happy. The facilities and channels for oil exploitation, production and transportation are in Sudan's hands. Although South Sudan is rich in oil and mineral resources, it suffers from the lack of technology and facilities and cannot improve its national economy.

▲ Sudan Refining Base

To make matters worse, the conflict between the two factions in South Sudan intensified, and finally a civil war broke out in South Sudan in 20 13. Because the war caused about 230 thousand refugees to flood into Sudan, Sudan provided a lot of shelter and help to the refugees at this time. This scene is really ridiculous.

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In recent years, neither South Sudan nor Sudan has been peaceful. In 20 19, the Sudanese military staged a coup and the country entered a state of emergency. The two countries now have their own difficulties, but due to historical problems and ethnic and religious conflicts, it is unlikely that the two countries will have a bright prospect of working together in the short term. South Sudan, a young country, will face more and greater challenges.