Hazardous waste pollution

Dioxin is a highly toxic substance, which is the most toxic among known compounds.

Sources of dioxins:

It mainly comes from municipal waste incineration, impurities of chlorine-containing chemicals, pulp bleaching and automobile exhaust. Among them, burning garbage is the biggest source of dioxins!

Channels for dioxin gold to enter human body;

Humans are often poisoned by ingesting food contaminated with dioxins, especially dioxins, which are fat-soluble and rich in the fat of meat, dairy products and fish.

Therefore, we should pay attention to hygiene and balance, do not eat contaminated food, take part in proper physical exercise, and achieve a combination of work and rest, so as to maintain and improve our physique, enhance our immunity and detoxification function, and more importantly, love nature and protect the environment!

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heavy metal contamination

What are heavy metals?

Heavy metals refer to metals with a density greater than 4.5g/cm3, which are generally toxic to human body. Such as copper, nickel, lead, zinc and mercury.

Heavy metal pollution pathway

By endangering the ecosystem, it has various toxic effects on aquatic organisms.

It directly or indirectly affects human health through drinking water, skin contact and food chain.

France's "Paris Daily" said that more than 30 cows were poisoned by heavy metals such as lead, mercury and copper because they ate in the channels polluted by heavy metals near the pasture. After being slaughtered, it is supplied to the consumer market, so that harmful substances in its body directly enter the human food chain. The incident once again caused social doubts about the safety of French beef.

Strengthen the sampling investigation of heavy metal pollution in food

Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury are cumulative toxic metals, which will cause harm to human body. Lead, cadmium and mercury in human body mainly come from food. As long as the intake of residents is lower than the allowable intake standard recommended by the World Health Organization, it will not cause harm to the health of residents.

Disposal of waste batteries-imminent

The battery produces electric energy through corrosive chemical action, and its corrosive substances contain a large number of heavy metal pollutants-cadmium, mercury, manganese and so on. When it is discarded in nature at will, these toxic substances will slowly overflow from the battery, enter the soil or water source, and then enter the human food chain through crops. These toxic substances will accumulate in the human body for a long time, which is difficult to eliminate, damaging the nervous system, hematopoietic function, kidneys and bones, and some will cause cancer.

Buy environmentally friendly batteries!

When you replace batteries, please choose environmentally friendly batteries to reduce the pollution caused by heavy metals in waste batteries. You can choose environmentally friendly batteries (no mercury/cadmium or mercury &; No cadmium mark, some are 0% mercury mark).

Heavy metal pollution and children's growth

Among children exposed to high lead, the incidence of mental retardation, behavioral disorders and learning difficulties is very high. Generally, the lead level of primary and secondary school students is significantly higher, and their IQ, verbal IQ, language hearing process and attention are obviously lacking compared with their peers.

river pollution

Example:

The heavy metal pollution of rivers in Hong Kong is basically a mild ecological hazard, close to a moderate ecological hazard. The main heavy metal pollutant causing ecological harm is cadmium, followed by copper, lead, zinc and chromium.

Distribution map of heavy metals in rivers

Treatment of heavy metal wastewater with natural minerals

At present, the treatment of heavy metal wastewater at home and abroad mainly depends on chemical treatment. The existing treatment methods of wastewater containing Cr(VI) include chemical reduction and chemical precipitation. Its basic principle is to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III) with chemical reducing agents such as sodium sulfite, and then convert Cr(III) into precipitated Cr(0H)3 with sodium hydroxide or limestone, so as to remove it.

soil contamination

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural ecological environment, especially in soil, is more common now. Heavy metal pollution is harmful to the growth, yield and quality of crops, especially the potential danger is that it is enriched and absorbed by crops and enters the food chain, thus endangering human and animal health.

Distribution map of heavy metals in soil

Phytoremediation technology of heavy metal pollution in soil

The three-dimensional layout is matched with the production season to build a stable soil purification ecosystem, dry and incinerate the harvested plants, and recycle heavy metals, so as to achieve the purpose of removing heavy metal pollution.

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Indoor chemical pollution

In addition to outdoor air pollutants, indoor building decoration materials, kitchen cooking, cosmetics, daily chemicals and chemicals, photocopiers and radioactive pollutants are all important indoor chemical pollutants. People have identified more than 300 kinds of volatile chemicals from indoor air. Medical research shows that the above pollution can cause respiratory tract, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Chemical pollutants that cause harm to indoor environment can be divided into:

Mercury, halogen and other elemental substances.

Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (nitrogen oxides), hydrogen halide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and other compounds.

Tetraethyl lead, dibutyltin and other organometallic and metalloid compounds.

Oxidizing organic compounds such as ethylene oxide, ether, ketone, aldehyde, organic acid, ester, anhydride and phenol.

Organic nitrides such as amine, cyanine, nitromethane, nitrobenzene, trinitrobenzene and nitrosamine.

Organic chlorides, such as halides, aromatic halides and polychlorinated biphenyls of CCl4 aliphatic hydrocarbons and olefins.

Alkyl sulfide, mercaptan, thiomethane, methyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfate and other organic sulfides.

Phosphate ester (trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate), organophosphorus pesticide, etc.

Cosmetic pollution

Clinically, it is found that there are more and more patients with dermatitis caused by the use of cosmetics. Pigments, perfumes, surfactants and bleaches in cosmetics can cause contact dermatitis. For example, the rouge and refill of eyebrow pencil contain allergens, which can cause allergic contact dermatitis of eyelids. The use of cosmetics containing estrogen can cause the symptoms of precocious puberty in children. The phenol contained in shampoo is poisonous. The lethal oral dose is 2 ~ 15g. Splash into eyes for 2 days.

Daily chemical pollution

Various household chemicals are widely used in the family. Insecticides, disinfectants, detergents and dry cleaners are useful, but at the same time, they also release toxic gases. A small amount of highly toxic aniline is used to produce household chemicals, paints, pesticides and fungicides. Carbon tetrachloride, CH3CCl3, which is widely used as solvent, fire extinguishing agent and dry cleaning agent, and CHF2Cl, which is used as refrigerant and foaming agent, are the main chlorinated compounds.

Decoration pollution

In the new century, protecting the ecological environment and promoting sustainable development have become an important issue facing mankind. However, people only pay attention to the protection of blue sky and clear water and control environmental pollution such as the atmosphere, rivers, lakes and seas, but ignore an indoor environmental pollution problem that is closely related to people's lives and directly related to personal health. This problem has attracted the attention of some countries and organizations in the world. A special survey conducted in the United States five years after the establishment of specialized agencies found that indoor air pollution in many civil and commercial buildings is 2-5 times that of outdoor air pollution. Some even exceed 100 times. China is also facing such a big problem. Air pollution and building materials pollution have become a big killer in people's offices and homes, and have become hot issues of concern to the people.

National indoor environment trend

China Consumers Association released an amazing survey result. After sampling indoor air in Beijing and Hangzhou, it was found that the formaldehyde concentration exceeded the standard by 73.3% and 79. 1% respectively, and the highest formaldehyde concentration exceeded the standard by more than ten times. In addition, VOC and benzene are also very serious, accounting for 20% and 43.3% respectively. Many consumers report eye, nose and trachea discomfort. According to experts, volatile organic compounds VOC can cause headaches, fatigue, discomfort and memory loss. Analyze the source of VOC, mainly using inferior coatings, paints, plates, etc. Although consumers are dissatisfied with indoor environmental pollution, the lack of identification means also leads to consumers' weak self-protection ability. To this end, experts suggest that when buying building materials, you should inquire about the relevant safety certificates from the merchants and carefully check and accept the renovated rooms. It is best to invite professional units or professionals to participate in the inspection and acceptance.

Main causes of indoor environmental pollution

Building and interior decoration materials

Outdoor pollutants (seriously polluting the outdoor atmosphere and destroying the ecological environment)

Combustion products (cooking and smoking)

Human activities

The pollution of the building itself is gradually being detected. One is that chemicals are added in the construction, (antifreeze is added in the winter construction in the north, and toxic gas ammonia seeps out). The other is radon formed by radioactive substances in underground soil and stones, floor tiles and tiles of buildings. This is a colorless and odorless natural radioactive gas, which is extremely harmful to human body.

The pollution of indoor decoration materials and furniture is the main aspect of indoor air pollution at present. Paint, plywood, particleboard, foam filler, interior wall coating, plastic veneer and other materials all contain organic vapors such as formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, ethanol and chloroform, which are quite carcinogenic.

The human body's own metabolism is a cause of indoor air pollution. When people are indoors, the human body can excrete a lot of pollutants through the respiratory tract, skin and sweat glands. In addition, people's indoor activities will increase the indoor temperature and promote the reproduction of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. It is easy to sweat in summer, which will bring pollutants in the skin into the air; The air is dry in winter, and the human body is full of dandruff and dandruff; After people go to bed at night, the room is full of sour gas of carbon dioxide. Human metabolism can produce more than 400 kinds of chemical wastes. About 40 billion eggs of bacteria, viruses and parasites can be destroyed by breathing, coughing, spitting and feces every day. 600,000 pieces of skin fall off every hour, about 0.68kg per year. These tiny dust can float in the room for a long time and accumulate in the room. Therefore, when there are too many people in the room, it will make people tired, dizzy and even go into shock.

Radon is a radioactive gas, which is different from volatile gas. It is a gas element in the uranium series of natural radioactive element decay system. Radon has a high affinity with human body fat and is the second biggest killer of human lung cancer. Granite, diabase, gneiss and black shale rich in uranium and thorium can produce a lot of radon. Indoor radon gas is mainly emitted by unqualified building materials such as cement, wall bricks and stone. When breathing, radon and its daughters enter the lungs with the airflow. Radon daughters will emit alpha rays when they decay, bombarding lung cells like small "bombs" and damaging lung cells, thus causing the possibility of lung cancer. Medical research has confirmed that radon gas may also cause leukemia, infertility, fetal malformation and genetic malformation. Scientists estimate that living indoors with radon concentration of 200 beck/m3 is equivalent to smoking 65,438+05 cigarettes per person per day. Radon pollution is the second largest cause of lung cancer after smoking. It kills 5,000 to 20,000 people in the United States, and 50,000 people in China die of lung cancer caused by radon and its daughters every year.

benzene

1. What is benzene?

Benzene is a colorless liquid with a special aromatic smell, and its boiling point is 80. 1℃. Toluene and xylene are homologues of benzene, both of which are products of coal tar fractionation or petroleum cracking. At present, toluene and xylene are often used as solvents or diluents for various adhesives, paints, coatings and waterproof materials in interior decoration, instead of pure benzene. Because benzene is volatile, flammable and explosive. When people inhale high concentrations of toluene and xylene in a short time, they may have anesthetic effects on the central nervous system, which are manifested as dizziness, headache, nausea, chest tightness, fatigue and confusion, and even coma and death due to respiratory and circulatory failure. If long-term exposure to a certain concentration of toluene and xylene will cause chronic poisoning, neurasthenia-like syndrome such as headache, insomnia, listlessness and memory loss may occur. Benzene compounds have been identified as strong carcinogens by the World Health Organization.

Second, the main source of benzene

1, paint. Benzene compounds are mainly volatilized from paint, and benzene, toluene and xylene are indispensable solvents in paint.

2. Additives and diluents for various paints and coatings. Benzene exists in a large number of organic solvents in various building decoration materials, such as natural water and diluent in decoration, and its main components are benzene, toluene and xylene.

3. Various adhesives. In particular, solvent-based adhesives still have a certain market in the decoration industry. Most of the solvents used are toluene, which contains more than 30% benzene.

4. Waterproof material.

Third, the harm of benzene to human body

1, chronic benzene poisoning, mainly the irritation of benzene to skin, eyes and upper respiratory tract.

2, long-term inhalation of benzene can lead to aplastic anemia. There are neurasthenia-like symptoms, such as dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, memory loss, decreased thinking and judgment ability. If the hematopoietic function is completely destroyed, fatal granular leukopenia can occur and leukemia can be caused.

3. Benzene can cause fetal congenital defects.

Four. preventive measure

1, choice of decorative materials. Try to use decoration materials that meet national standards and have less pollution in decoration.

2, the choice of construction technology. The nonstandard construction technology greatly increases the benzene content in indoor air.

3. The choice of decoration company. Choose a decoration company with green environmental protection signs, and indicate the indoor environment requirements when signing the renovation contract.

Don't move into the decorated room immediately. After the decoration of the living room is completed, keep the room well ventilated and wait for benzene and organic compounds to be released for a period of time before living.

Pollution harm of harmful chemicals and environmental protection

With the development of chemical industry, the output of various chemicals has greatly increased, and new chemicals have emerged. While people make full use of chemicals, they also produce a lot of chemical wastes, including many toxic and harmful substances. Due to uncontrolled random discharge and other ways to release chemicals, the environmental situation is getting worse and worse, which seriously pollutes the environment. How to recognize the pollution hazards of chemicals, minimize the pollution of chemicals and strengthen environmental protection has become a major problem that people urgently need to solve.

1. 1 Pollution hazards of harmful chemicals

Hazardous chemicals refer to any chemicals that are determined to be harmful to human health and the environment.

With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, toxic and harmful pollution sources can be seen everywhere, and the most harmful to human beings is toxic and harmful chemicals. The ways of chemical substances invading the environment are almost omni-directional, and the most important ones can be divided into four types.

(1) Artificial application directly enters the environment;

(two) in the process of production, processing and storage, it is discharged into the environment as a chemical pollutant in the form of waste water, waste gas and waste residue;

(3) In the process of production, storage and transportation, a large number of harmful chemicals are leaked into the environment due to sudden chemical accidents such as fire, explosion and leakage;

(4) In the combustion process of fuels such as oil and coal, and in daily life such as home decoration, they are directly discharged into the environment, or enter the environment as waste after use.

Harmful chemicals entering the environment have caused serious harm or potential danger to human health and the environment.

Take pesticides for example. With the rapid development of pesticide technology and agriculture, the use of pesticides is becoming more and more common. Natural agriculture that never uses pesticides has developed into modern agriculture that uses pesticides. For China, a big country with a large population and tight arable land, pesticides have played an important role in solving natural disasters of crops and promoting grain production. Needless to say, pesticide is a toxic chemical substance, which is artificially added to the environment. If it is used in large quantities for a long time, it will have a great adverse impact on environmental biological safety and human health. This raises an unavoidable practical problem for people. While fully affirming the beneficial effects of pesticides, we need to fully understand the harm of pesticides to the ecological environment and human health.

The pollution of pesticides and its harmful consequences are serious, especially the pollution of air, soil and water, the impact and destruction of environmental quality, especially the pollution of groundwater, which has aroused widespread concern. The ecological effect of pesticide pollution is very far-reaching, especially the protection of biodiversity; The harm of pesticides to human health, especially the impact on the three and the impact on reproductive performance. The losses caused by pesticide environment are various. According to the research of relevant scholars, the economic loss caused by the use of pesticides to the environment and society in China is as high as 1 1.23 billion US dollars every year.

In addition, pesticide pollution also poses a threat to fish and wildlife, especially those pesticides that are difficult to biodegrade and have high accumulation.

The United Nations International Programme on Chemical Safety recently proposed that DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, toxaphene, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins and benzofurans are persistent organic pollutants, which are chemically stable in the environment and easily accumulate in fish, birds and other organisms and enter the human body through the food chain. Some of them are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic.

At the same time, industrial wastewater is also one of the biggest pollution sources of the environment. For example, cyanide and other harmful substances in industrial wastewater have seriously polluted the main rivers and lakes in China, which has worsened the water quality, especially the Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, Dianchi Lake, Chaohu Lake and Taihu Lake (referred to as "Three Rivers and Three Lakes"), which has seriously affected the local economic development and people's lives. 196 The monitoring and evaluation results of seven major river systems and inland rivers 150 key river sections in China show that only 32.2% meet the first and second class standards (applicable to the first-class protected areas of centralized drinking water sources), and 2 1.9% meet the third class standards and meet the fourth and fifth class standards (applicable to the first-class protected areas of centralized drinking water sources).

Cyanide discharged from industrial wastewater is more harmful to fish. When the concentration of cyanide in water reaches 0.5mg/L, the fish will die 20% in two hours and all in one day. Phenol-containing wastewater can inhibit the growth of bacteria, algae and mollusks in water. Irrigation of farmland with phenol-containing wastewater will inhibit photosynthesis and enzyme activity, destroy the formation of crop auxin and reduce yield. Domestic sewage and some industrial wastewater often contain a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, which will make closed lakes and bays eutrophic after entering the water body, leading to a large number of phytoplankton proliferation, decreased transparency of the water body, reduced dissolved oxygen, threatening the survival of fish, stinking water quality, and "red tide" appearing, and fish and shrimp have disappeared in some rivers. Improper disposal of chemical waste will cause soil hardening and groundwater pollution, which directly threatens human health and human survival. At present, cancer has become one of the diseases that seriously threaten human health and life. According to the estimate of the World Health Organization, there are 6 million cancer patients in the world every year, and about 5 million people die of cancer every year, accounting for110 of the total number of deaths. Every year, there are10.5 million new cancer patients and10/10,000 deaths in China. The cause of human cancer is 15% related to chemical factors.

Furthermore, the chlorofluorocarbon gas released by refrigeration and air conditioning equipment leads to the destruction of stratospheric ozone layer, which leads to the enhancement of ultraviolet radiation on the earth's surface and the increase of skin cancer incidence. Sulfur dioxide emitted from coal-fired power plants leads to acid rain, acidification of rivers and lakes, fish reproduction and even population disappearance. The increase of soil acidity will reduce the species and fertility of bacteria and affect crop growth. Acid rain also converts heavy metals such as manganese, copper, lead, cadmium and zinc into soluble compounds and transfers them to rivers and lakes, causing water pollution.

In recent decades, there have been more than 60 serious chemical environmental pollution incidents around the world. 400,000 to 500,000 people were affected by public hazards, and more than 654.38+10,000 people died. 1952 65438+February 5 ~ 1 day, London fog and haze caused by soot and sulfur dioxide pollution, and more than 4,000 people died in one week. 1953 to 1956, in Minamata Bay, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, a petrochemical plant discharged mercury-containing wastewater, and local residents suffered from methylmercury poisoning while eating fish in Minamata Bay, 1 10, and more than 50 people died. During the period of 196 1 year and 1979, poisoning incidents occurred in Aichi, Kitakyushu and Yucheng, Taiwan Province Province, China. * * * More than 1000 people are poisoned. The patient developed symptoms such as eyelid swelling, pigmentation of nails and mucosa, skin blackening and acne-like rash, nausea, vomiting and edema. Children born after poisoning have deformed teeth, mental retardation and abnormal behavior.

In recent years, major pollution accidents of harmful chemicals have also occurred from time to time in China. According to the statistics of Zhejiang Province, during the five years from 19 15 to 19 19, there were 40 major environmental accidents in Zhejiang Province, including 133 accidents involving toxic chemicals, accounting for 95%.

In addition, the accident rate of road and waterway transportation of dangerous chemicals in China remains high. Due to rollover and overturning, chemical substances leaked to pollute the environment, causing personal injury and death, accounting for about 1/3 of the total accidents.

The discharge of harmful chemicals has caused extremely serious harm to the ecological environment in China. According to statistics, 1994, the wastewater, waste gas and solid waste discharged by the national chemical system ranked second, third and fourth respectively. In China, the toxic and harmful chemicals discharged into the environment with the chemical "three wastes" every year, only cyanide, arsenic, mercury, lead and volatile phenol in chemical wastewater reached 24,274 tons in 1994, which caused great harm to rivers and lakes in China.

The harm of harmful chemicals to human health and the environment is an important problem to be solved urgently in China's environmental protection, which must be highly valued by the whole society.

1.2 Environmental pollution control of chemicals

China is a big chemical producer, and the chemical industry has formed a relatively complete system. At present, the chemical industry has a wide variety of products, complex technology, backward technology, low operation level and imperfect production management, which leads to low product output, many by-products and large discharge of "three wastes". According to statistics, pesticides alone emit 2.37 billion m3 of waste gas and 654.38 billion m3 of waste water every year, and produce a large number of toxic and harmful solid wastes. These waste gases, waste water and waste residue are complex in composition and highly toxic, causing environmental pollution incidents from time to time. To control or reduce environmental pollution, it is necessary to consider pollution control in the process of chemical production. First of all, we should understand the pollution situation of chemical plants, including: pollution source types, main pollutants, emissions, environmental protection measures and surrounding environmental sensitivity. In particular, it is necessary to investigate the distribution of pollution sources and count the emissions of pollutants. At the same time, we should know the types of pollution effects, such as primary pollution or secondary pollution, long-term pollution or short-term pollution, reversible pollution or irreversible pollution, local pollution or large-scale pollution, single-factor pollution or multi-factor compound pollution. The following main measures should be taken to control the pollution hazards of chemicals:

1. Formulate and improve environmental legislation and strengthen environmental law enforcement.

The safety and control of hazardous chemicals is one of the international environmental problems that all countries in the world pay close attention to at present. Since the mid-1970s, the United States, Japan and industrialized countries in Europe have successively formulated and continuously improved environmental management regulations for chemical substances. By the beginning of 10, all countries had generally established a set of laws and regulations on environmental management of chemical substances.

China promulgated the Environmental Protection Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1979, revised it in 19 19, and promulgated it in February of the same year. This law is a comprehensive law of environmental protection in China, and it is also a basic law in the field of environmental protection, which mainly stipulates the national environmental policy, principles and measures of environmental protection, etc. The State Council has also formulated environmental protection laws such as the Detailed Rules for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Detailed Rules for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and the Law for the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, and promulgated the Regulations on the Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals and the Regulations on the Management of Pesticides. Relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council have also promulgated Regulations on the Safe Use of Chemicals in the Workplace, Regulations on the Environmental Management of the First Import of Chemicals and the Import and Export of Toxic Chemicals, and a number of departmental regulations on the transport of dangerous goods by railways, automobiles and ships. The state has also specially formulated environmental protection standards, pollutant discharge standards, basic environmental protection standards and environmental protection method standards. For example, published environmental quality standards include ambient air quality standards and surface water environmental quality. Pollutant discharge must include industrial "three wastes" discharge standards, comprehensive sewage discharge standards, boiler smoke discharge standards, etc. At the same time, local environmental protection laws and regulations and normative documents of environmental protection departments have made clear provisions. The promulgation and implementation of these laws and regulations have played an important role in strengthening the safety management of dangerous chemicals, preventing chemical substances from polluting the environment and ensuring people's health. However, China has not yet established a complete legal system for environmental management of chemical substances, which can effectively manage the whole process of production, storage, transportation, sales, use, import and export of chemical substances.

China's current chemical environmental legislation needs to be supplemented and improved in view of the weak links in the current chemical management laws and regulations, and be in line with the international chemical management system. In addition, it is urgent to strengthen the enforcement of laws and regulations on chemical management. Enterprises that cause serious pollution to environmental protection should be investigated and dealt with according to law, and those that cause harm to people due to environmental pollution should be punished and compensated according to law. This is a legal management system that Japan and other industrialized countries have already implemented. Through publicity and education, it is also necessary to improve the awareness of law-abiding of units and individuals engaged in the production, storage, management, transportation and use of hazardous chemicals, and strengthen the safety and environmental management of hazardous chemicals. Especially dangerous chemicals, should be strictly managed in accordance with China's Environmental Protection Law.

2. Strengthen the environmental management of key hazardous chemicals.

In recent years, China is still producing and importing a large number of harmful chemicals banned or strictly restricted by foreign countries, such as DDT, sodium cyanide and arsenic trioxide. Some developed countries are waiting for an opportunity to transfer their banned or strictly restricted chemicals to developing countries for production, and then buy back the products they need. China is facing the threat of transferring seriously polluted chemicals from abroad to China.

Establish a corresponding registration management system, and take measures to prohibit or strictly restrict the use, elimination and substitution of chemicals known or suspected to be carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic or seriously harmful to the environment, so as to effectively reduce the pollution hazards of these chemicals.

3. Carry out cleaner production and strictly control the discharge of harmful chemicals into the environment.

An important reason for serious chemical pollution is that a large number of old enterprises have not carried out technical transformation for a long time, the consumption of resources and energy is too high, and the sewage discharge is too large. It is the fundamental way to change the backward situation of high consumption and high pollution in chemical production by comprehensively carrying out clean technology transformation, reducing the burden of terminal treatment and eliminating the "three wastes" in the production process as much as possible by transforming process equipment. To actively promote cleaner production, it is necessary to choose clean raw materials, replace harmful raw materials with non-toxic and harmless substances, design clean processes and produce clean products. At the same time, measures such as improving and strengthening the internal safety management of enterprises are taken to reduce the generation of pollutants and wastes at the source of pollution and realize the recycling of wastes. Minimize or reduce the emission of harmful substances. For pollutants that cannot be solved by prevention, source control measures should be taken for safe treatment and disposal, so that pollutants can meet national or local emission standards.

4. Strengthen hazardous waste management

Hazardous waste refers to waste with one of the hazardous characteristics such as flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, explosiveness, acute toxicity and infectivity. According to the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, units engaged in the collection, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes must be approved by the competent administrative department of environmental protection and obtain a business license. The state implements a declaration and registration system for the generation of hazardous waste, and an administrative agency system for the disposal of hazardous waste, that is, if hazardous waste is not disposed of (treated) according to regulations, other units shall be designated for disposal according to law, and the required expenses shall be paid by the client.

The State Environmental Protection Bureau and the State Council Economic and Trade Commission recently published the National Hazardous Waste List, listing 47 kinds of waste names, which will take effect from 199 1 year 1 month 1 day. Units that produce hazardous waste must declare and register in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

Must be declared and registered in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

5. Popularize safety and environmental protection knowledge and encourage public supervision.

Through the establishment and implementation of the system of safety labels and safety technical specifications for dangerous chemicals, the knowledge of chemical safety and environmental protection will be popularized among enterprise employees and chemical users. And actively publicize the knowledge about chemical safety and environmental protection in the whole society, improve the public's understanding of harmful chemical hazards, safety protection measures and environmental protection, and vigorously encourage the public to participate in the supervision of the prevention and control of harmful chemical pollution.

/zlk/w/2/2005 12/3930 . html

This picture can be used as a cover design element of PPT or as a template design.

/kejian/Wuji/zhaoxh/chem3-3.htm has a chart with data in it, which can be used!

/browse/Shang/tiku/G3/lzzt/lzzt06.htm contains some schematic diagrams that can be used for reference!

/life/renyuziran/diqiuxinheng/2006-01-19/5854.html series environmental pollution photography!

/get/design/design _ gg/2006-5-15/204409894 _13.html A series of public service advertisement design works about environmental protection are helpful to enrich PPT and make it more interesting and vivid.