What kind of person is ernesto guevara? How should we evaluate him?

Ernesto Guevara, Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary and Cuban guerrilla. He took part in the Cuban revolution led by Castro and overthrew the pro-American Batista dictatorship. After the new Cuban government held some important positions, Guevara left Cuba in 1965 and continued to launch the communist revolution in other countries. In Bolivia, he was arrested in a military operation planned by the US Central Intelligence Agency and killed by Bolivian troops on June 9. 1967+65438. After his death, he became a hero in the third world communist revolutionary movement and a symbol of the western left-wing movement. A large number of literary and artistic works are named after him.

After Guevara's death, with the spread of photos of his body, Guevara's deeds began to be widely known. Demonstrations and demonstrations against his murder have appeared all over the world, and at the same time, there have been many literary works praising him and recording his life and death. Even some liberals who scoffed at Guevara's communist ideals expressed their heartfelt admiration for his spirit of self-sacrifice. He was treated differently by the vast number of western youths from other revolutionaries because he resolutely gave up his comfortable family for the revolutionary cause of the whole world. When he was in power in Cuba, he gave up his high position and high salary for his own ideals and returned to the revolutionary battlefield to fight to the death.

Especially in the late 1960s, among the young people in the Middle East and the West, he became a symbol of revolution occasionally imagined by the public and a synonym for left-wing political ideals. The vivid portrait of ernesto guevara taken by the famous photographer Alberto Colda in 1960 quickly became one of the most famous pictures in the 20th century. This portrait of Guevara has also been simplified and copied into patterns on many commodities (such as T-shirts, posters and baseball caps). Guevara's popularity even extended to the stage. He worked as a narrator in the musical Madame Veron in Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber. The musical tells the story of Guevara's disappointment with Mrs. Veron and her husband because of juan veron's bribery and tyranny. The narrator's role is fictional, because Guevara and Mrs. Veron are not contemporaries, and the only thing related to Eva Veron in his life is that he wrote a letter to Mrs. Veron when he was a child and asked her for a jeep.

Guevara's body, together with the remains of six other comrades who fought side by side in Bolivia, was placed in a special mausoleum named Ernesto Guevara Ernesto Guevara Square, numbered 1997. The mausoleum is located in Santa Clara, Cuba. In 2004, about 205,832 people visited Guevara Mausoleum, including foreigners127,597, including tourists from the United States, Argentina, Canada, Britain, Germany, Italy and other countries. The original farewell letter from Guevara to Castro (in which Guevara declared that he would sever all ties with Cuba and join revolutionary movements in other parts of the world) was exhibited.

French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre praised Guevara as "the most perfect man of our time", and his supporters believed that Guevara was proved to be the greatest thinker and revolutionary in Latin America after Simon Bolí var, the leader of Latin American independence movement.

Guevara is undoubtedly the last great successor of Latin America's uninhibited and romantic tradition of chivalrous guerrilla warfare, followed by carranza, Pancho Villa and Passata. When the communist Don Quixote picked up the spear, Mandela was still an unknown South African lawyer. Many countries in South America are still divided former colonial countries, and the whole of Latin America is occupied by various military dictatorships. After his death, revolutionary guerrilla warfare in Latin America never reached the expected effect and height. Ré gis Debray emphasized in "Revolutionary Revolution" that without long-term systematic rural mobilization and well-structured cadres, elite and highly dedicated insurgents are only a few insurgents in the jungle. 1964, the Argentine military government eliminated the Matisse guerrillas; In the late 1960s, the Venezuelan National Liberation Front fell apart because of the political tolerance reform of the new President Leoni. In Colombia, the "National Revolutionary Armed Forces" founded by "Black Knight" Fermin Charlie and "Sharpshooter" Marulanda never got rid of the image of bandits in the colonial era, because they did not have a systematic land distribution plan and were unwilling to mobilize Indians. 1968, joseph hansen, a Peruvian guerrilla movement, admitted at the fourth international congress that guerrilla revolutionism in Latin America was experiencing an unprecedented crisis. It is fighting alone, unable to mobilize domestic farmers, unable to reach any agreement with churches, intellectuals and workers, and has never received international support from Moscow or Havana.

The sacrifice of Guevara and the temporary failure of the Cuban-style armed export revolution model inspired Latin America and even the whole developing world to pursue economic, political and social justice. Since the mid-1960s, the "liberation theology" movement sweeping across Latin America has absorbed the influence of Che's "new people" view to a great extent. Cardinal Fresno in Chile and Bishop Bravo in Nicaragua became the most threatening and fierce opposition leaders of military dictators such as Sandino and Pinochet respectively. Lula Silva of Brazil and Chavez of Venezuela revived the long-lost "populism" and Guevara-style ideal of average social distribution in Latin America, and became brand-new weapons against international economic and trade inequality and the deterioration of their own economic structure.

[Edit this paragraph] Criticism

Although Guevara was regarded as a hero by many people, his opponents found in his legacy a part of his life that they thought was not honorable. They think Guevara is keen to execute opponents of the Cuban revolution. Some of Guevara's works are taken as evidence of this fanaticism, some of which are quoted by Alvaro Vargas Lue Sa, who is one of his many staunch opponents. For example, Guevara wrote in his message to The Three Continents: "Hatred is the element of struggle, and a deep hatred for the enemy can make a person go beyond the physiological limit and become an efficient, violent, selective and cold-blooded killing machine."

Williams Myers, a writer in The New York Sun, called Guevara an "antisocial thug". Critics of other American newspapers have the same comments. These critics claim that Ernesto Guevara himself is responsible for torturing and executing hundreds of people in Cuban prisons and killing a large number of farmers in areas controlled or visited by the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces under his leadership. They also thought Guevara was a poor tactician, not a revolutionary genius. He has never won a recorded battle. Critics believe that Guevara failed in medical school in Argentina, and there is no evidence that he really got a medical degree.

The most severe criticism of Guevara came from the late China Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, who pointed out in a conversation with Geng Biao, then Minister of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee: Guevara was a "putschist", "divorced from the masses and didn't want the leadership of the party", and went out blindly to publicize his experience after his unexpected victory in Cuba. "We will not persist in armed struggle for a long time, establish rural base areas or take the road of encircling cities from rural areas", but "it is totally adventurism and despair to think that fires can be set with or without conditions." As a result, it caused great losses to the revolution and harmed others and themselves. Guevara's heroic image is largely due to the idolatry of young people and the lack of resolution of intellectuals. (The above viewpoint comes from Zhou Enlai "197 1 May 3 1).

Comment on the criticism of Guevara: It must be made clear that Premier Zhou's criticism of Guevara is based on his methodology (skills, strategies, etc. ), and he didn't comment on his lofty world outlook (motivation, purpose, etc.). ), because this is a lofty fact and does not need to be evaluated. The more he criticizes his methodology, the more he pays attention to and helps him, just like a father criticizes his son with the greatest anger when he sees that his son is not doing well, which is different from criticizing the exploiting classes who stand on the opposite side. Is it rare for revolutionaries to reach unity after fierce criticism and debate, and then create a new situation? Premier Zhou will certainly criticize Guevara.