Introduction of Amilol

Directory 1 Pinyin 2 English Reference 3 Overview 4 Description of amiloride 4. 1 Drug Name 4.2 English Name 4.3 Alias of amiloride 4.4 Classification 4.5 Formulation 4.6 Pharmacological Effects of amiloride 4.7 Pharmacokinetics of amiloride 4.8 Indications of amiloride 4.9 Contraindications of amiloride 4. 10 Precautions 4./kloc-0

2 English reference Amioli [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]

Conclusion amiloride is a diuretic, which acts on the cortical segment of distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, inhibits the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl, reduces the exchange of Na+, H+ and Na+ with K+, increases the excretion of Na+ and Cl, thus inducing diuresis, and also increases the excretion of uric acid. Generally, this medicine is not used alone, but mainly combined with potassium diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and uric acid, which can enhance diuresis and reduce potassium loss.

4 instructions for amiloride 4. 1 drug name amiloride

4.2 English name Amiloride

4.3 Amiloli's alias, imidazole; Amiclopramide amino bromide; Amiloride hydrochloride; Meng Daqing; imipramine

4.4 classification of drugs in urinary system >: diuretics > ineffective diuretics

4.5 dosage form tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 mg each. Amilovir Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets: Each tablet contains 5 mg of Amilovir and 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide.

4.6 pharmacological effects of amiloride amiloride is a pyrazine derivative, and its effect is similar to that of triamterene. Interference with sodium channels in distal renal tubules and collecting ducts inhibits Na+H+ and Na+K+ exchange in proximal renal tubules, thus reducing potassium secretion. Amiloride has no antagonistic effect on aldosterone.

4.7 The pharmacokinetics of amiloride is easy to be absorbed orally, and the absorption rate is 30% ~ 90%. When taken with food, the bioavailability decreases. It began to take effect 3 hours after oral administration, peaked at 6 ~ 10 hours, and lasted for 24 hours. The plasma half-life is 6 ~ 9 hours, which is obviously prolonged when renal insufficiency occurs. Amiloride is not metabolized by the liver, 50% is excreted in urine in its original form, and about 40% is excreted in feces. A small amount is excreted through bile.

4.8 The indications of amiloride are hypokalemia caused by chronic congestive heart failure, ascites due to cirrhosis and primary aldosteronism. It can prevent hypokalemia when combined with other potassium excretion diuretics.

4.9 The contraindications of amiloride are liver and kidney dysfunction, hyperkalemia, anuria, respiratory and metabolic acidosis.

4. 10 Precautions 1. Use with caution for diabetics and pregnant women.

2. When using amiloride alone, attention should be paid to monitoring blood potassium.

4. The adverse reactions of11amiloride can be seen as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, fatigue, rash and itching. Occasionally, mental disorders, blurred vision, abnormal sensation and decreased sexual function may occur.

4. Usage and dosage of12 amiloride are taken orally. The initial dose for adults is 5 ~ 10 mg each time, daily 1 time, and it will be adjusted as appropriate. The maximum dose is 20 mg per day.

4. 13 drug interaction should not be combined with potassium-preserving diuretics such as triamcinolone acetonide and spironolactone.

4. 14 expert comment: hyperkalemia often occurs after long-term use of this product, so it is combined with furosemide to treat heart failure. This medicine is the best diuretic for removing sodium and preserving potassium at present. When used alone, attention should be paid to monitoring blood potassium, and the drug should be stopped in time when blood potassium rises. Serum potassium and creatinine levels should be monitored when amiloride is combined with thiazides or loop diuretics. Imaminolide can reduce H+ excretion. Patients with moderate and severe diabetes may have impaired glucose tolerance and increased blood potassium during treatment. Amiloride can also cause azotemia and hyperuricemia.

5 amiloride poisoning Amiloride acts on the cortical segments of distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts, inhibiting the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl, reducing the exchange of Na+, H+ and Na+ with K+, and increasing the excretion of Na+ and Cl to induce diuresis and uric acid excretion. Generally, this medicine is not used alone, but mainly combined with potassium diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide and uric acid, which can enhance diuresis and reduce potassium loss. The drug is absorbed quickly by oral administration, and the plasma half-life is 6 ~ 12h. About 5% drugs are excreted in urine within 72 hours, and 40% drugs are excreted in feces. Long-term use has no cumulative effect. The usual dose is 10 ~ 20 mg/d, taken in 2 ~ 3 times. [ 1]

5. 1 Clinical manifestations and adverse reactions are as follows [1]:

1. Metabolic abnormality

Long-term and large-scale application can produce hyperkalemia, which is its main adverse reaction.

2. Digestive system

Nausea, vomiting, indigestion, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding and jaundice; Abnormal liver function can induce hepatic encephalopathy.

3. Central nervous system

Headache, weakness, tremor, paresthesia, mental disorder, insomnia, lethargy and depression. 4. circulatory system? Orthostatic hypotension, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, etc.

5. Urogenital system

Polyuria, dysuria, impotence, etc.

6. Visual and hearing impairment

High intraocular pressure, tinnitus, etc.

7. Others

Dry mouth, thirst, rash, alopecia, muscle spasm, pain in shoulder, back and limbs, eosinophilia, etc.

5.2 The treatment points of amiloride poisoning are [1]: