On the scientific and technological motivation of the evolution of western painting concepts

On the scientific and technological motivation of the evolution of western painting concepts

Science and technology often play a decisive role in the process of inheritance, inheritance and change of western painting concepts, and to a great extent, the development of science and technology has led to the continuous evolution of western painting concepts. During the Renaissance, due to the development of science and technology and the revival of humanism, artists created the highest achievement of physical realism painting. 1the second half of the 9th century. Due to the emergence of scientific optics theory and other reasons, impressionist painters found a new breakthrough in realistic painting; 1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, due to the sharpening of various contradictions in industrial society, the impact of photography and the establishment of new scientific concepts such as modern physics, modern painters turned their attention to painting ontology. Experiment and rebellion have become the driving force and slogan of modern painters' exploration.

Key words: western painting view; Artistic concept; Technical motivation

Western painting has been introduced into China for nearly a hundred years. Although the major western painting schools are very popular in China and have a large number of loyal followers, our understanding and absorption of western painting concepts need to be deepened. For example, the lack of research on artistic concepts in the stage of western modernism has hindered our correct understanding and absorption of various contemporary western art forms. In order to find out the real reasons for the formation, development and even evolution of western painting concepts, and deepen the understanding and knowledge of western painting concepts, the author divides the formation and development of western painting concepts into three obvious stages: classicism period, impressionism period and modern and contemporary period, and analyzes the subsequent scientific and technological motives respectively.

First, the formation of classical realistic imitation view and its scientific and technological motivation

In ancient society, in order to survive and control nature, primitive people created the earliest cave murals for the purpose of witchcraft, which is the bud of imitation consciousness in the field of painting. Since ancient Greece, art has imitated nature? As the philosopher Heraclitus said, theory has emerged? Painting, music, poetry and other arts. Do they all imitate nature with their own media and methods? . Renaissance artists inherited the tradition of ancient Greek and Roman art to a certain extent, so, except for the special period of the Middle Ages. Before the Renaissance, early western artists were trying to find artistic modeling methods that could realistically imitate the objective reality. As far as painting is concerned, it is a great contribution of the ancients to art to imitate the modeling means of natural objects with lines. At first, the ancients used lines to imitate natural objects and painted realistic images just to practice witchcraft on imaginary prey. Mainly out of the need for survival. Because ancient humans have not mastered the knowledge of light and shade and perspective, the original painting must be based on line modeling and tend to be flat. Even the western Hellenistic painters who were good at creating a sense of depth of field later did not understand the mathematical rules followed by the focus perspective method, and still could not accurately imitate the real space. In the Middle Ages, painting was largely a tool to explain religious teachings through images. Therefore, painting is flat, and there is no need to create a deep sense of emptiness. Renaissance. ? With the continuous understanding of nature, people explore and master knowledge. People know themselves and life more and more consciously. People began to think about the spatial relationship among the surrounding world, environment and individual things, and the pursuit of space became very strong. ? E2] alberti, an architect, sculptor and painter in the early Renaissance, put forward that a new painting art must be established. This new painting art should be like this: nature is the source of art, mathematics is the key to understanding nature, and perspective is the mathematical basis of painting. Because of geometric blindness. It is difficult to understand the principle of painting. /kloc-In the 5th century, under the influence of scientific and rational spirit, with the introduction of mathematical and accurate perspective rules in the field of painting, the artist's in-depth anatomical study of a corpse, and the perfection of the knowledge system of Ming Shuguang Shadow closely related to realistic painting, artists found that art can not only be used to tell religious stories vividly, but also reflect the real world realistically. This great achievement has greatly inspired artists, and artists all over the world have devoted themselves to painting experiments, pursuing novel and realistic amazing effects in the picture. The art of this period began to break with the art of the Middle Ages. Thanks to scientific anatomy, accurate perspective and perfect knowledge of light and shade, the realistic art of the Renaissance reached its peak. The most important painting in the west? Oil painting? Generally speaking. Generally speaking, the oil paintings before impressionism still emphasize the inherent color, mainly by asking and taking photos, and adopting the techniques of layer-by-layer covering and layer-by-layer dyeing. The characteristic of this technique is that the artist draws a rigorous sketch first, and then covers it with color layer by layer. Work is usually done indoors. Therefore, the masters of art before Impressionism all had amazing sketch modeling ability. Because of the importance attached to sketch, Angel even said, If I had to hang a plaque on the door, I would write? Sketch school? Four words, because I firmly believe what makes a painter? . In my opinion, why did painters in this period emphasize sketch and insist on using sketch? What is the color system of the intrinsic color? Painting is not because the painter thought the color was not good at that time. One of the important reasons is that the types of pigments that painters got at that time were very limited. The media materials provided by science and technology have influenced the way painters watch, so painters have to use this inherent way of color observation to open their own visual thinking.

Impressionist painters' realistic imitation view and its scientific and technological motivation

/kloc-in the 9th century, the sustained and rapid development of the western industrial revolution triggered a series of revolutions in the fields of economy, science and technology, and science, and also brought brand-new visual experience and revolution: the application of new machines and equipment such as steam engines, trains, cameras, etc. triggered a great innovation in the observation and expression of light and shadow in traditional painting; The emerging scientific optics theory provides a theoretical source for impressionist painters to study light and color. The rapid development of science and technology industry makes it easy for artists to obtain all kinds of pigments, which makes it possible for artists to paint directly. In this way, as a continuation of western art of imitation and reproduction since ancient Greece, impressionist painters who inherited the realistic spirit of painters such as Koro and Courbet began to oppose classicism and academism with the powerful slogan of closer to nature. They walked out of the studio. Taking light and color as the research object? Direct drawing? Outdoor sketch. Instantly capture the impression of light and color of nature. Does this painting actually belong to? What is the conditional color system of the interaction of environmental color, light source color and inherent color? The direct way of painting.

Third, the scientific and technological motivation of the formation of modern and contemporary painting concepts.

/kloc-At the end of 0/9, due to the crisis caused by photography, more and more people began to worry about the prospect of painting. Some painters inspired by Impressionism began to oppose the objective and natural description of Impressionism. They are not satisfied with the instantaneous effect of light and color. They emphasized the painter's self-feeling and subjective feeling in painting, and began to consciously use color and physical expression factors in painting practice, advocating painting art with subjective factors and irreplaceable photography. Post-impressionism was born. Cezanne is known as the father of modern art. Although the causes of post-impressionism are much more complicated, the emergence of photography is one of the most important reasons. Later modernist paintings were born out of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings, as well as Cezanne and Fan? Gauguin and Gauguin became pioneers of modernist painter worship; Modern painters such as Matisse and Kandinsky also have a special liking for impressionist painting, and find the necessary spirit from it. The rapid development of modern science and technology plays a decisive role in modern painting concepts in the following aspects: First. The emergence of modernist art is the product of the intensification of various contradictions in European capitalist industrial society. The old social structure and life order were destroyed in the constant revolution of capitalist industrial technology. Movement and change have become the main features of the real world. People's suspicion, dissatisfaction and escape from this industrial society have led to the emergence of modern philosophy and aesthetic thoughts. Daniel? Bell thinks? This sense of movement and change has caused a profound crisis in people's spiritual world, that is, fear of emptiness? . The escape from modern industrial society invaded the artist's inner world. Sartre's existentialism philosophy, Freud's psychoanalysis, Schopenhauer's voluntarism and Bergson's intuition theory provide theoretical basis for modernist painters to express their inner world and unique artistic concepts. As an escape and response to the existing living environment, modern artists have broken the reality of three-dimensional space advocated by traditional painting with a sense of plane. The deviation between the image presented in the picture and the real thing prevents us from entering the content of their paintings, as Matisse said to a picky lady who visited his studio. Madam, you are wrong. This is not a woman. Is this a painting? . The realistic situation created by classical painting is a habitable and tourable environment in which the human soul can inhabit. The flattening of modern painting aims to suppress our reverie or fear of real space. It itself created the human mind-form.