Details of cabbage (kohlrabi)

Chinese cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) is a Brassica plant in Cruciferae and a variety of Brassica L. Also known as cabbage, pimple white, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, lotus white and so on.

Chinese cabbage has the characteristics of cold resistance, disease resistance, strong adaptability, easy storage and transportation, high yield and good quality. Widely cultivated in China, it is one of the main vegetables in northeast, northwest and north China in spring, summer and autumn.

Basic introduction of Chinese scientific name: Chinese cabbage Latin scientific name: cabbage? Alias: cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage lotus root cabbage fennel radish coconut cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cab Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Family: Brassica: Brassica Species: Cabbage Subspecies: Cabbage Distribution: There are varieties distributed all over the country: cabbage, cabbage, cabbage. Biological characteristics, growing environment, main values, nutritional components, nutritional value, health care value, medicinal value, health care efficacy, eating guide, eating method, cooking guide. Suitable people and unsuitable people, morphological characteristics Chinese cabbage is highly respected for its various medicinal effects. The Greeks and Romans regarded it as a panacea. Cabbage has different colors such as green, white and red, and the leaves inside cabbage are slightly whiter than those outside. The weight of cabbage is usually between 0.9 and 3 kg, and the diameter is between 10 and 20 cm. Variety classification is cultivated all over China. Cabbage comes from the Mediterranean region of Europe and is one of the most important vegetables for westerners, belonging to Cruciferae. There are about 400 varieties of cabbage, including flowering cabbage, stem cabbage, naked cabbage and rolled cabbage. Biological characteristics Botanical characteristics Cabbage is a biennial herb, and its roots are mainly distributed in the soil layer within 30cm. Stem shortening is divided into inner shortened stem and outer shortened stem. Cauline lotus leaf with shortened outer part and cauline bulbous leaves with shortened inner part. The leaves of cabbage include cotyledons, basal leaves, seedling leaves, lotus leaves and bulbous leaves. The leaves are dark green to green, smooth and fleshy, and there is powdery wax on the leaves, which can reduce water transpiration, so Chinese cabbage has stronger drought resistance than Chinese cabbage. Flowers are racemes, cross-pollinated, and all varieties and varieties of cabbage cross each other. The fruit is silique, the seeds are spherical, reddish brown or dark brown, and the 1000-grain weight is about 4g. Under normal circumstances, cabbage seeds in the north are harvested in autumn. In the first year, leaf bulbs are formed to complete vegetative growth, vernalization is completed through low temperature in winter, and photoperiod is completed through long sunshine in the second spring, and flowering and fruiting are completed. Its growth process is basically the same as that of Chinese cabbage. However, the days required for each growth period are longer, and the germination period needs 8- 10 days. The seedling stage is 25-30 days; The cluster stage is 20-25 days for early-maturing varieties and 30-35 days for middle-late-maturing varieties; It takes 20-25 days for early-maturing varieties and 30-50 days for middle-late-maturing varieties. Cabbage is a kind of crop that grows vigorously in winter. The transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth requires strict environmental conditions. It requires that the seedlings can be induced by low temperature only after they grow to a certain size, and vernalization can be completed in 50-90 days at 0- 12℃. Regarding the photoperiod, the varieties with pointed and flat heads are not strict, while the varieties with atomic pens have strict requirements for long sunshine. After entering the reproductive growth period, it usually goes through bolting, flowering and fruiting. The flowering period is 30-40 days, and the fruiting period is 40-50 days. Before heading, Chinese cabbage meets the requirements of vernalization at low temperature or seedling stage. Once the long sunshine condition is met after planting, it may appear "immature bolting" phenomenon, which hinders the formation of leaf bulbs and reduces the yield. In recent years, raising spring cabbage in improved greenhouse or plastic greenhouse not only avoids low temperature, but also greatly shortens the seedling raising period, which has a good effect on preventing immature bolting and ensuring early maturity and high yield. The main nutritional components of edible value Raw cabbage is rich in vitamin C, vitamin B 1, folic acid and potassium, and cooked cabbage is also rich in vitamin C, potassium and folic acid. Content (per 100g): three nutrients, 20kcal, protein 1.5g, fat 0.2g, carbohydrate 3.4g, cholesterol-free, dietary fiber 0.5g. Minerals: calcium 3 1mg, iron1.9mg. Copper 0.04mg, magnesium12mg, zinc 0.26mg, selenium 0.02mg. Vitamins: B1.03mg, B2 0.03, E 0.5, A12mg, nicotinic acid 0.4mg, folic acid100mg. The nutritional value of carotene 0.07 mg Chinese cabbage is high in water content (about 90%) and low in calories, but the calories of most shredded cabbage salads are five times higher than those of simple Chinese cabbage. Because salads often contain oily seasonings, people who want to lose weight by controlling their diet had better use low-calorie seasonings to make salads. Kimchi made from cabbage has the same nutritional value as unfermented cabbage, except that they contain more sodium. All kinds of cabbages are good sources of potassium. Japanese scientists believe that the anti-aging and antioxidant effects of cabbage are at a high level with asparagus and cauliflower. The nutritional value of Chinese cabbage is similar to that of Chinese cabbage, and the content of vitamin C is about twice as high. In addition, cabbage is rich in folic acid, which is an advantage of cabbage, so pregnant women and anemia patients should eat more cabbage. Cabbage is also an important beauty product. Chinese cabbage can improve human immunity, prevent colds and ensure the quality of life of cancer patients. Chinese cabbage ranks fifth among anticancer vegetables. Fresh Chinese cabbage contains phytoncide, which has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and has certain curative effects on sore throat, traumatic swelling and pain, mosquito bites, stomachache and toothache. Cabbage contains some ulcer healing factors, which have a good therapeutic effect on ulcers and can accelerate wound healing. It is an effective food for patients with gastric ulcer. Eating more cabbage can also stimulate appetite, promote digestion and prevent constipation. Cabbage is also an ideal food for patients with diabetes and obesity. Cabbage and other mustard vegetables contain a small amount of substances that cause goiter, which will interfere with the utilization of iodine by thyroid. When the body compensates, it makes the thyroid gland bigger and forms goiter. The goiter effect of cabbage can be eliminated by eating a lot of iodine, such as iodized salt, sea fish, seaweed and seafood to supplement iodine. High-quality cabbage is quite hard and strong, and it carries a lot of weight in your hand. The leaves outside are green and shiny. However, fresh cabbage in spring is usually wrapped loosely, so you should choose the kind that is tender and soft. Insect bite, yellow leaves, cracking and rot are all common shortcomings of Chinese cabbage, which are easy to detect. You should avoid eating any of the above seriously damaged cabbages. Every 100g of Chinese cabbage contains the following nutrients: heat (17.00kcal), protein (1.50g), fat (0. 10g), carbohydrate (3.20g), dietary fiber (0.80g). Nicotinic acid (0.60mg), vitamin C (31.00mg), vitamin E (0.76mg), calcium (50.00mg), phosphorus (31.00mg), sodium (57.50mg) and magnesium (1/kloc-0). G) Potassium (124.00 mg) Chinese cabbage has high water content (about 90%) and low calories, but the calories in most shredded cabbage salads are five times higher than those in simple Chinese cabbage. Because salads often contain oily seasonings, people who want to lose weight by controlling their diet had better use low-calorie seasonings to make salads. Kimchi made from cabbage has the same nutritional value as unfermented cabbage, except that they contain more sodium. All kinds of cabbages are good sources of potassium. Japanese scientists believe that the anti-aging and antioxidant effects of cabbage are at a high level with asparagus and cauliflower. The nutritional value of Chinese cabbage is similar to that of Chinese cabbage, and the content of vitamin C is about twice as high. In addition, cabbage is rich in folic acid, which is an advantage of cabbage, so pregnant women and anemia patients should eat more cabbage. Cabbage is also an important beauty product. Chinese cabbage can improve human immunity, prevent colds and ensure the quality of life of cancer patients. Chinese cabbage ranks fifth among anticancer vegetables. Fresh Chinese cabbage contains phytoncide, which has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and has certain curative effects on sore throat, traumatic swelling and pain, mosquito bites, stomachache and toothache. Cabbage contains some ulcer healing factors, which have a good therapeutic effect on ulcers and can accelerate wound healing. It is an effective food for patients with gastric ulcer. Eating more cabbage can also stimulate appetite, promote digestion and prevent constipation. Cabbage is also an ideal food for patients with diabetes and obesity. Cabbage and other mustard vegetables contain a small amount of substances that cause goiter (such as thiocyanate), which will interfere with the utilization of iodine by the thyroid gland. When the body compensates, it will enlarge the thyroid gland and form goiter. The goiter effect of cabbage can be eliminated by eating a lot of iodine, such as iodine tablets, iodized salt and seafood such as marine fish and seaweed to supplement iodine. It is worth noting that Chinese cabbage is rich in vitamin U, which has a good therapeutic effect on gastric ulcer and can accelerate wound healing. It is an effective food and health care value for patients with gastric ulcer. Chinese cabbage is flat and sweet, belonging to the spleen and stomach meridian. It can replenish bone marrow, moisten viscera, benefit heart, strengthen bones and muscles, benefit viscera, eliminate qi stagnation, clear away heat and relieve pain; Indications: poor sleep, dreaminess, lethargy, poor joint flexion and extension, epigastric pain, etc. 1. Cabbage is rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, β -carotene and so on. The total vitamin content is more than three times that of tomato, so it has strong antioxidant and anti-aging effects. 2. Cabbage is rich in folic acid, which has a good preventive effect on megaloblastic anemia and fetal malformation. Therefore, pregnant women, children and adolescents should eat more during their growth and development. 3. Fresh cabbage has the function of sterilization and anti-inflammation. For sore throat, traumatic swelling and pain, stomachache and toothache, Chinese cabbage can be squeezed for drinking or externally applied to the affected area. 4. Cabbage is rich in propyl isothiocyanate derivatives, which can kill abnormal cells that lead to human leukemia ... 5. Cabbage is rich in vitamin U, which has a good therapeutic effect on ulcers, can accelerate the healing of ulcers, and can also prevent the malignant transformation of gastric ulcers. 6. Cabbage is rich in indole compounds. Experiments show that "indole" has anti-cancer effect and can prevent human from suffering from intestinal cancer. 7. Cabbage contains a small amount of functional oligosaccharide raffinose. Experiments show that raffinose can not be digested by human gastrointestinal tract, but directly decomposed and utilized by Bifidobacterium in large intestine, thus playing the role of proliferating Bifidobacterium, relaxing bowels and inhibiting toxin production, and further reducing the occurrence of cancer. 8. Chinese cabbage is rich in sulforaphane. This substance can * * * human cells produce enzymes beneficial to the body, and then form a protective film to resist the erosion of foreign carcinogens. Radish sulfur is the strongest anticancer component in vegetables found at present. 9. It has certain therapeutic and preventive effects on hypertension. It can be seen that people should often eat cabbage for their own health. Nutritionists point out that the dietotherapy and health care effect of raw cabbage is the best. We can make coleslaw, salad or juice. If cooked, don't heat it for too long, so as not to destroy the active ingredients. Medicinal value 1) Chinese medicine believes that eating cabbage often is sweet and nontoxic, and it has the effects of replenishing marrow, benefiting joints, strengthening bones and muscles, benefiting five internal organs, regulating five internal organs, clearing away heat and relieving pain. 2) Fresh Chinese cabbage juice can treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, and has the functions of relieving pain and promoting healing. 3) Eating Chinese cabbage regularly also has a certain effect on skin beauty, which can prevent skin pigmentation, reduce young people's freckles and delay the appearance of senile spots. 4) Among the best foods recommended by the World Health Organization, sweet potato (sweet potato) is the first vegetable. Sweet potato is rich in vitamins and is an expert in cancer prevention, followed by asparagus, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, eggplant and carrot. Health care efficacy 1, anti-aging Cabbage is rich in anti-aging and antioxidant components, which can effectively resist cell aging and delay the speed of cell aging, so it can resist aging. Women who want to grow old can eat more cabbage. 2. Improve immunity. Cabbage is rich in vitamin C, so it can increase resistance and immunity. Eating Chinese cabbage often can strengthen your physique. 3. Prevention and treatment of hypertension. The high content of potassium in Chinese cabbage is very beneficial to the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Potassium intake is very helpful for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and can antagonize sodium, thus preventing and treating hypertension. 4. Strengthen bones. Cabbage also contains more vitamin K, which is not only beneficial to intestinal health, but also helps to strengthen bones. It contains vitamin u, which is a new type of vitamin. Chinese cabbage contains this vitamin, which is a major feature. Other vegetables rarely contain it. Vitamin U has the function of protecting mucosal cells, so it has a good clinical effect on the prevention and treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer. 6, anti-cancer and anti-cancer. Cabbage contains two antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin C and vitamin U. The reason why it has anti-cancer effect is that the leaves contain a special fragrance, which comes from a chemical called isothiocyanate, which is a sulfur-containing compound. That is, this sulfur-containing compound has played an active role in preventing cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. 7. Beauty. Cabbage contains many very rich nutrients, so eating more cabbage is also very helpful for skin beauty. How to eat raw cabbage can be chopped and added with mayonnaise, salad dressing, sour cream, vinegar and so on. Make chopped vegetable salad; Can also be processed into pickled vegetables for eating; It can also be cooked, fried, fried and baked with various meats and other vegetables. It should be noted that excessive cooking will lead to the loss of flavor, poor taste and greatly reduce its nutritional value. Therefore, when roasting, frying and cooking, cabbage should be added at the end. Cooking a whole cabbage, potatoes, garlic, onions and chicken with bones together is a delicious dish with simple and balanced nutrition. Because many nutrients are dissolved in the soup, all nutrients can be absorbed after drinking the soup. At the same time, thick soup also makes meat and vegetables taste good. When cooking, you can enjoy delicious food without adding too much seasoning and salt. Cabbage and cheese salad: Cut cabbage into small pieces, add salt, mix with protein-rich but low-energy cheese and raisins containing minerals, and then add olive oil to prevent arteriosclerosis. Sauté ed tomatoes with cabbage

Ingredients: 250g of Chinese cabbage, 200g of tomato and appropriate amount of chopped green onion.

Method: First blanch tomatoes with boiling water, peel and cut into pieces; Wash and slice Chinese cabbage; After the oil pan is cooked, add chopped green onion and stir fry, add Chinese cabbage and stir fry until it is 70% cooked, add tomato, stir fry slightly, add refined salt, add soy sauce and cook until it tastes good, and add seasoning and mix well.

Efficacy: sweet and sour appetizer, benefiting qi and promoting fluid production. Suitable for physical fatigue, upset thirst, loss of appetite and other diseases. Eating it by ordinary people can prevent diseases and strengthen the body. Cooking guide 1. Cabbage is suitable for frying, frying, mixing and frying. You can make soup or stuffing with tomatoes. If you want to be jealous of Chinese cabbage, just thicken it with soy sauce, vinegar and starch before cooking. 3. Cabbage can inhibit cancer cells. Usually, the inhibition rate of cabbage planted in autumn is higher, and cabbage planted in autumn and winter can be eaten more. 4. It should not be eaten when buying, so as to avoid a large amount of vitamin C being destroyed after a few days, and reduce the nutritional components of the dish itself. Preservation method Cabbage is easy to deteriorate from the knife edge. It is best to buy the whole cabbage and eat it in order from the outer layer, which will be preserved for a long time. It is easy to peel off the skin by cutting obliquely from the root to the center of the cabbage with a knife. In order to prevent cabbage from drying and deterioration, it can be wrapped in plastic wrap and stored in freezer. Suitable and not suitable for the crowd Suitable for the crowd: the general population can eat. It is especially suitable for patients with arteriosclerosis, gallstones, obesity, pregnant women and peptic ulcer. Not suitable for people: 1. Patients with itchy skin and bloodshot eyes should not eat it. Chinese cabbage contains a lot of crude fiber, which is hard. Children with spleen and stomach deficiency, diarrhea and spleen deficiency should not eat more. In addition, after abdominal and chest surgery, gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding are particularly serious, and diarrhea and liver disease are not edible. 2. Cabbage has the function of enriching blood, and people with thick blood can't eat it.