How to write a research report?

Investigation on myopia rate and eye habit of young pioneers

Recently, there are more and more nearsighted people in schools, especially senior students. On campus, many students who come in and out wear small glasses. A first-grade child has a childish face, but thick glasses have been hung on his nose. I wonder if I didn't see it. I was shocked at first sight. There are quite a few students wearing glasses! We really want to know why, so we have worked hard here. With the help of the teacher, we made a survey on the myopia rate and eye habits of young pioneers with myopia.

When looking for information, I saw a set of shocking figures: the incidence of myopia among adolescents in China is the second in the world, with an incidence rate as high as 50%. Among them, the myopia rate of primary school students is 22.78%, junior high school students are 55.22%, senior high school students are 70.34%, and college students are as high as 80%. The number of primary and secondary school students suffering from myopia accounts for 60% of the total number of students, with more than 60 million patients. Ranked first in the world. After reading this net article, I can't help but tremble and wonder: "Why are so many primary school students nearsighted?" Why are so many college students nearsighted? The number of primary school students to college students is gradually increasing. Is myopia related to age? "All the questions rose in my heart. I looked for other materials and guessed that the reason for myopia was bad eye habits and increased learning tasks.

With the help of teacher Jiang, we got the students' eye chart in September 2007. After statistics, I got the following myopia (visual acuity less than 5.0) data: 12 myopia among 92 students in senior one; Eight of the 82 students in Grade Two are nearsighted; Seven of the 92 people in Grade Three are nearsighted; Five of the 94 people in the fourth grade are nearsighted; Among the fifth grade 130 students, 15 is nearsighted; Forty-two of the 133 students in grade six are nearsighted. I found that the number of nearsightedness decreased gradually from grade one to grade four, but it increased again in grade five and six, especially in grade six, accounting for about 30% of the total number of students in grade six. "What the hell is going on?" We made a further investigation on myopia.

If you don't know life, you don't know the sweetness of life. Similarly, how do you know the cause of myopia without asking your classmates? We adopted the inquiry method. Come to the sixth grade class and ask your classmates. One of the students said that he often plays games online at home, often stays up until midnight and plays all night on holidays; Classmate B said that she likes reading and writing on her desk, and sometimes she does her homework while watching TV, which is very close to TV. Classmate C said that he often quarreled with his classmates when doing eye exercises, and often wiped his eyes with dirty hands when his eyes hurt. Student d is short and fat. He said that he likes sweets such as chocolate and sugar, but he doesn't like foods containing vitamins such as tomatoes and oranges. Many students talked about their daily bad eye habits. Through inquiry, I learned that students have many bad eye habits, and found that the main reasons for their myopia are as follows

1, reading too long, inattention, long working hours for eyesight.

2. Lack of proper physical exercise and outdoor activities.

3. The reading and writing posture is incorrect.

4. Parents don't pay attention to their children's eyesight health.

5. Stay in bed and read in the carriage.

6. Read and write in too strong and too dark light.

7. Watch TV and surf the Internet at close range and for a long time.

8. Don't do eye exercises seriously.

9. The nutritional structure is unreasonable.

10, heavy study burden and great psychological pressure.

1 1, often wipe your eyes with dirty hands.

12, found that hyperopia was poor, and did not check and treat it in time.

I also learned on the internet that myopia is very unlikely; The causes of myopia are congenital myopia and hereditary myopia, but the possibility is only 1%. ...

The eyes are the windows to the soul, the tools to explore everything and an indispensable part of our bodies. If we lose our eyes looking for light, our world will be dark. Students, we must protect our eyes and be the masters of them. Remember, never do the above 12 points, and pay attention to your daily eating habits! We should develop good hygiene habits, protect our eyes and the windows of our hearts with scientific methods!

How to write a research report? Generally can be divided into several parts. 5 points

1. Question 2. Investigation methods. The arrangement of data. conclusion

How to write a research report

A research report is an investigation report, which generally consists of a title and a text. (1) title. There are two ways to write a title. One is the standard title format, that is, "post theme" plus "genre", and the basic formats are "investigation report on ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× The other is freestyle title, which includes the combination of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences and positive and negative questions. (2) the text. The text is generally divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion. 1. Introduction. There are several ways to write it: the first way is to state the reason or purpose, time and place, object or scope, process and method, and personnel composition of the investigation itself, and draw the central question or basic conclusion from it; The second is to state the historical background, development survey, actual situation, main achievements, outstanding problems and other basic situations of the respondents, and then put forward the central issues or main viewpoints; The third is to come straight to the point and directly summarize the survey results, such as affirming the practice, pointing out the problems, prompting the impact, and explaining the central content. The preface plays the role of making the finishing point, and it should be concise and to the point. 2. theme. This is the most important part of the investigation report, which introduces in detail the basic situation, practice and experience of the investigation and research, as well as various specific understandings, viewpoints and basic conclusions obtained from the analysis of the materials obtained from the investigation and research. 3. It's over. There are also many ways to write the ending, which can put forward methods and countermeasures to solve the problem or suggestions for improving the work in the next step; Or summarize the main points of the full text and further deepen the theme; Or ask questions to arouse people's further thinking; Or look to the future and send out encouragement and call.

How to write a simple investigation report

Provide an example of a research report for writing reference.

Environmental and light pollution

First, the subject background:

With the development of modern cities, a new kind of pollution, light pollution, has emerged, which has become an environmental hazard in cities and affected people's physical and mental health. This light pollution is caused by reflective and heat-resistant building materials, such as glass curtain walls of some buildings. At about 2 ~ 4 pm, the refracted sunlight is just facing the expressway, and the driver's sight is disturbed, which poses a safety hazard. This problem also exists in Shenzhen, especially in the high-rise reflective heat-proof glass curtain wall in the bustling area. Therefore, our group conducted investigation and research in the bustling area of our city and carried out the study of "light pollution".

Second, the purpose of the project:

1. Know and understand knowledge about light pollution.

2. Investigate urban light pollution and put forward relevant suggestions.

3. Learn to unite and cooperate, and learn to explore and study knowledge. ?

Third, the research process and methods:

1. Search information: Search and read books and newspapers online. Collect information.

(1) Light pollution can be divided into artificial light and natural light, which is harmful to human body.

(2) How do people react to the color of light?

(3) The harm of light pollution to all kinds of people.

2. Field test

(1) Interview with pedestrians and drivers.

(2) Take photos and record the facts.

Summarize and sort out

(1) collate data and analyze contents.

(2) making web pages.

Four. Research findings and analysis:

1. Light pollution and its harm

According to the explanation of environmental science, light pollution refers to the phenomenon that excessive light radiation, ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation have adverse effects on human health, human life and working environment.

(1) glare?

Glare is common in light radiation that causes light pollution. Glare refers to the visual phenomenon that there is an inappropriate brightness range in the field of vision, and there is an extreme brightness contrast in space or time, which causes discomfort or reduced visibility. The light pollution of glass curtain wall is caused by its strong reflection on sunlight, lights and other light. Strong light makes people's eyesight decline and fatigue is rapid. Glare pollution in daily life.

There are many kinds of pollution. For example, the oncoming bright light of car headlights at night will reduce the control of drivers and pedestrians who are exposed to light, which is prone to danger.

(2) Natural light

Natural light mainly comes from solar radiation. Sunlight mainly includes ultraviolet rays, infrared rays and visible light. Light pollution refers to excessive light radiation and ultraviolet radiation, which will have adverse effects on human health, people's living and working environment. For example, overexposure of ultraviolet rays in the sun will cause solar dermatitis, which will make people's exposed parts red and swollen. In severe cases, blisters will appear, and the affected areas will be burning, itchy or painful; When the condition is serious, it may be accompanied by physical discomfort, fever, nausea and rapid heartbeat. Long-term excessive sun exposure can cause chronic damage. Long-term exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet rays can induce skin cancer. But the right amount of sunshine is necessary.

(3) Reflect sunlight

Reflecting sunlight, this kind of light pollution is the most serious in cities. For example, although the buildings in our city are mainly made of glass curtain walls, they are very beautiful, but there are hidden dangers behind them, which bring many dangers to people around, such as: causing normal cell death, causing adverse symptoms such as high blood pressure, impatience and dryness, and reducing people's vision, especially glare.

(4) Artificial light

Artificial light refers to the electric lights we use every day, colored lights used in dance halls, etc. In the ballroom, we saw colorful and beautiful lights, but how much do you know about its harm? Various colored lights are one of the sources of light pollution. Colored lighting will have a strong sense of * * *, and at the same time * * * will also cause cytopathy, which will make people's eyes uncomfortable, affect people's central nervous system, make people dizzy and mentally unstable. Prolonged exposure to this light can lead to headache, blindness and loss of appetite. In addition, scientific research shows that colored light will give people psychological pressure, and different colors have different degrees of psychological pressure. ?

(5) Color light psychological stress index (tabular form)

Light white yellow green blue purple red black light

Pressure index10013133152155158187.

(6) How does light pollution cause myopia?

As students, the harm of light pollution is more serious. Modern students' myopia is on the rise, and the essential reason is light pollution. The quality of TV lights used by students is divided into infrared light and ultraviolet light. Infrared light is easily absorbed by water, and about 80% of people's eyeballs are water. Long-term absorption of infrared light will cause eye tissue variation; Ultraviolet rays are penetrating and lethal. Long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays can damage eye cells. platform ......

How to write the investigation report?

An investigation report is a written report that records the investigation results.

From the comprehensive evaluation of the purpose of the investigation and the contents of the final written report, the investigation report can be roughly divided into the following types:

1. Investigation report summarizing typical experience.

This kind of investigation report is to summarize the positive experience of advanced figures or advanced regions and units, so as to exert influence on the surface. The research object is a concrete advanced model. After the investigation report is written, the experience summarized in it can be used for reference or inspiration by relevant personnel or units; It can also be used as materials for relevant authorities to carry out advanced learning activities.

2. Investigation report reflecting the situation.

Due to the different purposes, scope and uses of the investigation, there are two kinds of such investigation reports: one is a case investigation report that reflects the specific situation. The purpose of the investigation is to clearly define a specific problem, and the scope of the investigation is single and specific. The content of the report is generally used as a basis or an important reference for dealing with a specific problem. The other is a comprehensive investigation report that reflects the basic situation. The purpose of investigation is to grasp the general situation of a certain field or aspect. The scope of the survey is relatively wide, and there are many objects involved. The content of the report is mainly used as a reference for macro decision-making, or to explain some objective phenomena and an academic point of view.

3. An investigation report exposing the problem.

The investigation that reveals the problem must be carried out on the basis of existing clues. The purpose of the investigation is to find out the facts and obtain enough materials to explain the nature and extent of the problem. The survey objects are generally exposed problems and related units and personnel. The investigation report that exposes problems can not only be used to clarify right and wrong, distinguish authenticity and educate the masses, but also be directly used as an important basis for dealing with relevant responsible units and responsible persons.

The usual structure of an investigation report consists of a title, a preface, a text and an ending.

(1) title

The title of the investigation report has many forms. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two types: one is a single-line title, the other is a double-line title, and the single-line title can be divided into two types: official document title writing and general article title writing. The advantage of using official document titles is that people can make the language clear at once and understand the object of investigation and the purpose of the investigation report, such as the Investigation Report on the Application and Problems of Microcomputer in Enterprise Financial Accounting. The use of official document titles is easy to write too long and too dull, which is not in the position of inducing readers' desire to read. Although there are some disadvantages in using article titles, if handled well, people can understand the object of investigation and the purpose of the investigation report after reading the titles. Moreover, the topic has the advantages of being long or short, serious and humorous, descriptive and questioning. So it is easy to write lively, interesting and eye-catching. For example: angry roast chicken, where is the crux of newsprint tension and so on.

(2) Preface

Preface is the beginning of the investigation report, which can be used to explain the time, place, purpose, object and scope of the investigation; It can also be used to summarize the main contents and main gains of the investigation; It can also explain the background of the investigation and the conclusions drawn through the investigation.

(iii) Theme

The main content is the backbone of an investigation report. The text is usually narrative-oriented, combining narrative with discussion, and focusing on the questions raised in the introduction in turn.

(4) End

The end of the investigation report is written in different ways, or a paragraph is used to supplement the relevant matters; Or, by the way, explain a problem. Or summarize the whole article and deepen the theme; Or point out the shortcomings of the investigation.

How to write a research report?

First of all, the topic is put forward:

Putting forward a research topic is generally considered from three aspects: background, present situation, foundation (or importance, necessity and possibility).

1. Background: The developed educational situation, new educational ideas, ideas, requirements or teaching concepts, methods and means we are facing have had an important impact on teaching practice.

2. Present situation: The most urgent problem that we must study and solve in time is the gap between the actual situation of education and teaching work in this region and this unit and the changed educational background.

3. Basis: the exploratory research done by the members of the research group or others on this issue, and the preliminary research results that have been obtained.

Second, the definition of the concept:

Refers to the connotation of some important words in the name of the main topic (sometimes including some sub-topics), the research scope of the topic, etc.

Note: The important points of this study need not be repeated.

Third, the theoretical basis:

The research of this topic tries to draw lessons from and apply the main theories, doctrines, viewpoints and principles, so as to obtain the main research ideas and teaching concepts that support this research.

Four, the main research objectives and contents:

The main research goal (the hypothesis of the subject) that I try to achieve through the research of this subject, and which sub-topics the main subject is decomposed into, and the specific research tasks of each sub-topic. There should be a reasonable and close logical relationship between the research purpose of the topic and the sub-topic. The research of each sub-topic can completely show the research framework of the main topic. These sub-topics are relatively independent, interrelated and highly operable, which can be implemented in the education and teaching practice of the members of the research group.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) main research methods and research objects;

1. research methods: mainly including literature method, action research method, investigation method, case study method, experience summary method, etc. , can also be supplemented by mathematical statistics, detection and analysis, tracking and comparison, structure and function, observation, pursuit, attribution, history, experiment and other research methods. It is necessary to explain how to give full play to the instrumental role of the research methods adopted to serve the research of this topic (or sub-topic).

2. The research object generally refers to people, mostly students and some teachers. It is necessary to find out whether we are studying all students or some students (or teachers) in our unit.

VI. Forms of research results:

Generally, it includes research report, collection of essays, compilation of excellent teaching plans or activity designs, compilation of cases, observation class (courseware, CD-ROM), collection of students' works, publication or award-winning of teachers' papers, etc.

Seven, the composition and division of labor of the members of the research group:

The members of the research group should include the project leader, the sub-project leader and the front-line teachers who participate in the research. External lecturers, consultants and other personnel should be treated differently according to their responsibilities and obligations.

The members of the research group shall be responsible for or part-time planning, organization, coordination, overall planning, management, research, guidance and consultancy.

Eight, implementation steps:

1. Preliminary preparation stage:

Establish the main topic and construct the sub-topic; Set up a research group to clarify the division of responsibilities; Establish and improve the learning exchange system; Complete the demonstration and declaration work; Formulate the implementation plan of the main project and the work plan of the subproject; Conduct necessary preliminary investigations or tests.

2.

Research implementation stage: it can be divided into the first stage and the second stage, and the research is carried out according to the implementation plan, during which an interim report can be arranged. The interim report is not vigorous in form, but should pay attention to practical results. Through the interim report, let the subject composition see the preliminary results of the research, find out the shortcomings or problems, clarify the research tasks in the next stage, then adjust the implementation plan and modify the work plan of the sub-subject, so that the later research will not deviate from the direction and lay a good foundation for the smooth conclusion of the subject.

3. Appraisal stage: complete the writing of the conclusion report and data collation, and make full preparations for the appraisal of the results.

How to write the report of project investigation?

The basic methods of educational research are as follows: 1. Observation method 1. Observation: In order to know the truth, we can find the essence and law of a phenomenon. 2. Steps of observation: the implementation of observation is divided into the following three steps, one of which is the design of observation research, which can be divided into the following aspects: (1) Make a rough investigation and exploratory observation. The purpose of this step is not to collect materials, but to grasp the basic situation so as to plan the whole observation process correctly. For example, to observe a teacher's teaching work, we should go to school in advance to learn about the teacher's work, students' situation, relevant environment and conditions, and so on. This can be done by talking with teachers and school leaders and consulting some related materials, such as teaching plans, teaching diaries, students' homework and lectures. (2) Determine the purpose and center of observation. According to the characteristics of the research task and research object, what problems should be considered, what materials and conditions are needed, and then make clear provisions. If this provision is not clear, observation cannot be concentrated and the result cannot be in-depth. Don't have a few observation centers, and don't have a wide range. All observations should be made around a center. If you have to observe several centers, then observe them in groups and cooperate with each other. (3) Determining the observation object is to determine the overall scope to be observed; The second is to determine the case object to be observed; The third is to determine the specific items to be observed. For example, in our spare time, we want to study the business and culture of the graduates of secondary normal schools or junior colleges newly assigned to teach in primary schools, so the overall observation is the new teachers who have worked for one or two years. Within this overall scope, we will decide which primary schools to observe and which teachers in which teaching and research groups to observe. After the specific observation list is determined, the time, place and specific observation items to be observed shall be determined. (4) To make an observation plan, in addition to defining the purpose, center and scope of observation, as well as what problems to understand and what materials to collect, we should also arrange the observation process: the frequency, density and duration of each observation, and how to ensure the normality of observation phenomena. (5) Planning and preparing observation means There are generally two kinds of observation means: one is to obtain observation data; The first is the means to save observation data. The main means to obtain observation data is human sensory organs, but sometimes some specially set instruments are needed to help observation, such as observation screens, computer terminal equipment, and more advanced ones such as action reactors. These instruments mainly play two roles: ensuring the objectivity of observation and improving the accuracy of observation. The human brain is a natural organ for storing data. However, this kind of preservation method, which is related to the observation subject, lacks accuracy and persistence, and cannot realize the objectification of data. Therefore, people first use characters, graphics and other symbols, and then use photography, audio recording, video recording and other technical means to accurately and comprehensively record the instantaneous events, events and feelings in the observation process in a permanent way for repeated observation and analysis of data. Either way, preparations should be made before the observation, and the functions of the instruments used in the observation should be checked in advance to ensure that there are no obstacles in the use process. For observers, it is necessary to master the basic methods of using instruments and know what to do in observation. A camera is not enough to shoot a class in detail and comprehensively. Observers should prepare several cameras and divide their work in advance. Even the observation records should be designed in advance. Print the items that must be recorded on the recording paper according to a certain format, or agree on some recording symbols to minimize the time of writing words when recording on site. We take middle school students' classroom behavior records as an example, as shown in Table 5- 1. In the following table, according to the research needs, the researcher lists the behaviors that he thinks students may have in class. However, it is estimated that the list will not be complete, so some space is reserved for observers to use when necessary. If researchers want to ask others to help them observe, they must clearly explain the specific meaning of each project and the handling methods in case of emergencies in advance, and ask them to be familiar with the location of each project. To be on the safe side, you can also do several observation exercises before formal observation to help observers get familiar with the contents of the table; If defects are found in the table, they can be adjusted before formal observation. (6) A unified standard is stipulated to increase the objectivity of observation, facilitate the measurement and evaluation of various phenomena, and facilitate the quantitative expression of observation. ......

How to write a research report

1. Title: including signature, company and name.

2. Preface (1. The reason for raising this question. The significance of studying this problem. Problems to be solved) (You can also ask questions)

3. Research methods (research object, research aspect, data collection and arrangement)

4. Conclusion: Draw a conclusion from data processing and analysis.

How can I write a good research report?

Format? First, ask the second question. Investigation methods. Findings and arrangements. Conclusion 5. Hope or suggestion can be written in this structure and divided into several sections.

How to write a research report?

On the writing style of research report in research report class

The first part is the introduction; B outline; Research background and significance; D. research methods and perspectives; E. research objects and methods;

The second part is the research results; B. research content and main results; C. discussion and understanding; D. current situation and problems; E. Analysis and discussion

The third part is the conclusion; B. conclusions and recommendations; C. research conclusions and explanations; D. suggestions and prospects; E. Problems and countermeasures;

First, the significance of writing research papers

These research reports and papers are:

1, a faithful record of researchers' ideological development.

2. The symbol of the level and value of discipline research.

3, an important form of academic exchange and promotion of scientific research achievements. (across time and space)

4. Once again, it is an important practical activity to deepen original research results, improve one's research level and develop one's research ability.

Two. Types and structure of research reports

(1) type

1, empirical research report

2. Literature research report

3. Theoretical research report

(2) Structure

Title, signature, abstract and keywords, preface, text, conclusion, notes, references and appendices.

1, empirical research report: such as education investigation report, experiment report, experience summary report, etc. Mainly use facts to explain the problem, the materials strive to be specific and typical, informative and reliable, and the format is standardized. This kind of report requires the introduction and analysis of relevant information, data and typical cases, summing up experience, finding out laws, pointing out problems and making suggestions. This kind of research report pays attention to both theory and practice, and is often related to contact research methods.

2. Literature research report: mainly using literature as research materials, non-contact research methods as the main content, textual research, analysis, comparison and synthesis of literature as the main content, focusing on the information, progress and trend of a certain aspect of education, and commenting and summarizing articles as the main forms of expression. Generally used in educational history and literature review research.

3. Theoretical research report: narrow sense paper. The main content is to explain the theoretical understanding of a certain thing and a certain problem, focusing on the nature and regularity of the research object. Unique views, novel opinions, profound philosophy, strict logic and personalized language style are its inherent characteristics. There is no empirical research process in theoretical research reports, so there are higher requirements for researchers' logical analysis ability and thinking level, as well as higher professional theoretical literacy.

There are three basic elements in the paper: first, the topic, that is, the proposition and viewpoint whose authenticity will be verified (demonstrated). The main source of the paper is the hypothesis put forward by the research topic and the result of the hypothesis verification by the research. Finally, the paper is to demonstrate the authenticity of the topic and put forward a clear argument. The second is the argument, that is, the basis to prove the authenticity of the topic. The source of the argument should be reliable and effective factual materials obtained in the research process, including qualitative and quantitative materials. The third is argumentation, that is, the discussion process of proving the topic with arguments. Argumentative writing is a comprehensive reflection of the article's structural level, the logic and rigor of material organization, the correctness, scientificity and profundity of the article's thought, and the accuracy, effectiveness and skill of language expression.

The paper is different from the empirical research report. It generally extracts the most important, wonderful and creative contents and achievements in scientific research and expresses them in concise and clear language. The paper does not include too many specific research methods and processes, but emphasizes the innovation and academic value of the content. The results of any research topic can be expressed in papers.

Third, the writing content and requirements

(1) title

1, title content

Type, direction and function

2. Writing requirements

The title should be accurate

The title should be novel

Problems can be varied.

The title should be concise.

(2) Department name

1, signature method

Collective signature

idiograph

2, the rules of signature

Contribution: put forward research ideas, undertake research work and solve key problems.

convention

(c) executive summary and keywords

(4) Preface

(C) keywords in the executive summary

1, abstract: central content, structure, main arguments and comments; The requirements are focused, concise and clear, generally without the first person, 200-300 words is appropriate. Academic papers should not exceed 1000 words. ......