Peeping into the universe, human telephoto glasses, this is the charm of celestial photography.

Have you ever tried to photograph the faint light of the low-hanging moon at night? Have you seen the photos taken by Hubble telescope? If your answer to any of the above questions is yes, then you must have been exposed to astrophotography.

Astrography photographs objects in the universe, regardless of the photographic equipment used (whether you use a camera or Hubble telescope). The theme can be anything from the moon to the Milky Way.

Illustration: 1054 Someone witnessed the explosion of this supernova. Hubble captured the remnants of this star, which is now called the Cancer Nebula. -2005

Photo: NASA/Getty Images

1840, john williams Draper's photo of the moon with Daguerre photography became the first astrophotography photo in North America. The most primitive attempt of photography (such as Daguerre photography) and the principle of today's advanced photography technology are to capture the light emitted by objects, and the light captured by cameras in space photography comes from the universe. If you want to know how cameras capture light and store images, please read How Cameras Work for more information.

With the in-depth study of astronomical theory and photography technology, today's human exploration of the universe is not limited to shooting traditional cosmic matter. The upper limit of human cognition of the universe is constantly being broken by scientists, and human vision is becoming wider and clearer.

Tony Haalas/Scientology/Getty Pictures

Other equipment can also come in handy. The light guide mirror and guide rail can help the camera aim when the earth rotates, thus exposing for a long time. In addition, the timing remote controller can accurately control multiple exposures for a long time. It can be said that telephoto lens can make the subject bigger than any creature by enlarging the size of the subject in the lens. However, there are few devices that can improve the quality of astrophotography's achievements.

Simply relying on equipment can't solve all the problems in celestial photography. For example, you must avoid the interference of fluctuating atmosphere, dust particles and moisture in the air, light pollution and annoying insects. Besides, you will also want to find a way to keep exposure for a long time when the earth is moving. Many astronomical photographers have found ways to overcome some difficult problems. For example, someone made a manual bracket, which can make the shutter send out signals and make the camera more stable. Many astronomy enthusiasts have put forward many skills to solve such problems on their own websites or published books. Readers can find links to these websites on the "More" page for more information.

Another interesting technique can take advantage of the unclear imaging caused by the earth's motion. The trajectory of these celestial bodies may describe the solar eclipse as a phenomenon of discoloration, blur or rotation around a medium size.

The observation of professional astronomical shooting equipment is often more accurate than the discovery of amateurs. Take Keck Observatory in Hawaii as an example. It has many very accurate instruments, which intermittently collect unexpected high-resolution images and get spectral analysis of objects in the night sky. These detailed pictures of Keck Observatory help us to learn more about tiny brown dwarfs, including the weather on Jupiter, some high-density galaxies and other astronomical phenomena.

As we all know, not everyone can use the facilities of Keck Observatory-scientists must submit their project plans for the Observatory's consideration before using these facilities. However, there will still be some smaller observation activities open to the public at night. In addition, there may be an astronomy club in the community, which will hold some activities such as stargazing or astrophotography.

Now, we have observed what can be observed with ordinary instruments on land. Let's see what we see.

Illustration: The Spitzer Space Telescope helps people to see the Milky Way clearly for the first time. You can see this synthetic infrared image through this link.

Photo courtesy of NASA, California Institute of Technology and University of Wisconsin.

Now that we know something about near-earth observation, let's take a look at the role of astrophotography in interstellar orbit. Hubble Space Telescope is the most familiar space image, but the telescope in NASA's latest exploration project is gradually replacing Hubble Space Telescope, which is called Spitzer Space Telescope.

The original name of Spitzer Space Telescope is space infrared telescope equipment, which was launched from Cape Canaveral in August 2003. In June 2008, Spitzer's shooting results were made public. The telescope collected more than 800,000 infrared images with different wavelengths. These infrared rays are intertwined and combined into a beautiful space map with unreal colors.

Spitzer makes the image on the other side of the galaxy very clear by entering the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The frequency of infrared ray is between microwave and visible light. The colors of these images must be untrue, because infrared rays are invisible to the naked eye. Hubble telescope can observe ultraviolet light, visible light and near infrared light, but only by combining with Spitzer telescope can we cross the cosmic dust and messy light waves and see the distant end of the universe very clearly.

In such a clear vision, we see the truth of the universe. Researchers can now sift out many details about the layout and composition of galaxies. For example, scientists have clearly grasped the shape of the Milky Way through the early study of Spitzer images. These images show that the Milky Way is a strip spiral galaxy, which makes scientists realize that there are only two main spiral arms extending from both ends of a long central rod in the Milky Way. This is an innovation in the theory of the Milky Way. In the past few decades, we have imagined the Milky Way as a spiral galaxy with four spiral arms and a bulge in the center. Later, we imagined it as a strip spiral galaxy with a central uplift and insisted that it had four spiral arms.

Other observatories of NASA are also helping us learn more about the universe. They are far above the edge of the atmosphere, so images can be collected and transmitted before they are affected by atmospheric disturbances. For example, Hubble's high-powered images of the universe give us a better understanding of objects far and near in the universe. The Chandra X-ray Observatory will work until 2009 to collect information about cosmic phenomena such as supernovae and black holes for scientists. Compton Gamma-ray Observatory runs from 199 1 to 1999, projecting lenses into solar flares, quasars and various cosmic interaction phenomena.

1.WJ encyclopedia

2. Astronomical terminology

3. Jessica Tutman-Science-Leaking Clouds

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