Look at the treasures of Shaanxi History Museum one by one.

Shaanxi History Museum is a provincial museum and a national first-class museum in Shaanxi. As Shaanxi is an ancient historical city, there are not only many antiques unearthed, but also precious. Therefore, the cultural relics exhibited in the museum have local characteristics, except for a few that are extremely rare and handed over to the country. Most of them are original works, and there is no need to copy them. The museum is big and free. You can exchange your ID card for tickets. According to the historical order, there are several exhibition areas, including apes, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang and Tang Empresses, as well as religions, Tang murals and Tang heritage treasures. We didn't go to the last two. First, the tickets are expensive, and second, we really don't have time, because the previous ones are almost finished, and we will go to the museum after work, haha. The treasure of the town hall in Libo, Shaanxi Province is a Tang Dynasty wine vessel-the agate cup of the Tang animal head. Looking at the pictures on the internet, it's really beautiful. It is said that this is the most exquisite jade in the Tang Dynasty. Unfortunately, we didn't go to the Tang Dynasty Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall, so we didn't have a chance to see it with our own eyes. However, the exhibits in other exhibition halls are not inferior, and they are very precious cultural relics of various dynasties. In short, it is worth visiting Libo, Shaanxi, xi 'an. Here are some aftertaste. Daqin exhibition hall is a little too much like Xianyang Museum, so I won't go into details.

Paleolithic things, some are unearthed originals, some are replicas. In the most primitive times, there were very few materials for life to choose from. These seemingly ordinary stones were carefully divided into different functions such as chopping, chopping and smashing by ancestors. That's how humans stand out.

Obviously, human beings have made great progress in various pottery pots in the Neolithic Age, and the shape of the containers is almost the same as that of the current works of art. The fundamental difference between the Neolithic Age and the Paleolithic Age is not the upgrading of tools, but that human beings have moved from hunting to captivity, knowing how to grow and cultivate food, which is definitely a key step for the rapid development of human beings. With more people and more food, you don't have to spend so much time foraging, so you can naturally focus on improvement.

Neolithic pointed-bottomed bottles were used to carry water. As shown in the picture, when it is put into the water, it will automatically lie down. When it is filled with water, it will stand up automatically. The bottle mouth is so small that no water will flow out when it is lifted vertically. It is said that someone has tried to use a bucket or something, either it will not be completely vertical, or water will flow out when it is lifted. I'm not sure, but at least this pointed bottom bottle can do it, which shows that the wisdom of human beings as early as the Neolithic age can not be underestimated.

In the Neolithic Age, many pottery were engraved with symbols. Although these seemingly inexplicable symbols are really abstract now, in that era, each symbol must correspond to a certain meaning established by people. I think its greatest significance lies in that human beings have realized that things should be recorded through the embryonic form of symbols, so human wisdom has begun to be more continuous than animals, although this significance is not obvious at first.

The model of Banpo ruins where people live in this era has built such a village. Villages are arranged in an orderly way, divided into pottery making area, residential area, tomb area, sacrificial area and so on. This is a microcosm of urban planning and layout. Its characteristic is that no matter which area or whose door is, it faces the center of the village, rather than paying attention to sitting facing south, so that everyone can see each other and take care of each other conveniently.

The tooth palm of Neolithic Age was a kind of ritual vessel, which still existed until Xia and Shang Dynasties. It feels similar to the cigarette used for sacrifice now, and it is also said to be used as a soldier, which is similar to the symbol of the tiger.

Neolithic bone bead necklaces were unearthed in Lintong District, Xi. It is such a long string, all strung together with tiny animal bones. It is not easy to work, and everyone has a love of beauty, and the ancients are no exception.

At the end of Shang dynasty, all kinds of artifacts bid farewell to those stones and bones, and have reached the world of bronzes. The utensils are clearly divided, such as vegetables, cooking, wine, drinking and so on. And they are not careless at all. Unlike now, the washbasin is also used to hold pickled fish, the big stove is directly held by an iron tripod, and the buffet cup is also used to hold soup.

Nightshade Wenjue, a drinking vessel in the late Shang Dynasty, was just a wine glass. I like the shape of this wine glass very much. There, there is a kind of domineering. Drinking from the right, those two seemingly superfluous things (er, I don't know what they are called) are actually used to press on both sides of your nose to prevent you from drinking too generously. Don't use such a dignified cup if you look up and do that without grace. When it touches the nose, it means that the wine in the cup has been finished. At this time, the host will be reminded that it is time to add wine to the guests. Etiquette is hidden in it.

Zhong Cheng, the teacher of the Western Zhou Dynasty, looks like a chime, but it is used to worship ancestors, which is a very big thing in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Ding system was used in the Western Zhou Dynasty, as shown in the figure. Strict hierarchy, such as Zhou, princes, Qing Dafu, senior taxis and junior taxis, has strict regulations on what kind of utensils they can use and what kind of meat they can eat. The so-called pecking order, the ritual system initiated by the Western Zhou Dynasty, is comparable to the highly centralized Qin system, and it is a system advocated by Confucius.

The original porcelain jar, also from the Western Zhou Dynasty, can clearly see all kinds of cracks, that is, when it was unearthed, it was smashed all over the floor, pieced together by archaeologists, then dragged and fixed with ropes, and of course there was some kind of mucus. With such a complete spelling, archaeologists definitely grew up playing with puzzles.

In the middle of Shang Dynasty, the word "gluttonous with four feet" was used to describe people who were greedy and insatiable. It is said that the dragon gave birth to nine children, and gluttony is one of them. He is so greedy that he can't stop his mouth and eat everything. In the end, it didn't let go of itself, eating all its body, leaving only its head (a horrible legend)

In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, it was so beautifully made that there were birds on it and dragons on the back. It looks like some high-end utensils, but it is actually a container for water. It is said that washing hands before and after banquets in Shang and Zhou Dynasties is very important. It sounds very tall, but it is actually washing hands. It is very elegant to use it to pour water and wash hands.

Although the rope-patterned pottery waterway in the Spring and Autumn Period was a little thin, when you think about it so many years ago, you will feel, wow, such a wide waterway was used at that time.

Qin's stone drum is not sure whether it is in the Spring and Autumn Period or the Warring States Period. It's not a drum, but it looks like a drum. I think it should be similar to a stone tablet, because there are hunting records engraved around it. This is a copy. The original was handed over to the country and is in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

The picture is so blurred that I forget the name of this thing. I think it was unearthed from the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang, and it was a small piece of the base of a big chime. When unearthed, it was broken into pieces and pieced together by experts.

The gold-plated garlic copper pot in the Warring States period, my God, has been more than two thousand years. The gold-plated color is still so conspicuous that I have to admire the technology at that time.

During the Warring States period, mirrors with various patterns. I didn't know which martial arts drama I watched when I was a child. I thought that when the ancients looked in the mirror, they used a washbasin to hold water to see their reflection. In fact, the mirror already exists.

Will soon enter the Daqin exhibition hall. It is necessary to talk about this Qin character, from which we can see the wisdom of the ancients, especially the creation of pictographic characters, which is a very interesting knowledge. Let's just say that the word Qin, the upper part, is actually a scholar word, representing soldiers. The six countries are afraid of Qin because they have a powerful army of tigers and wolves, so the literati represent the majesty of Qin, and there are two weapons on each side, which shows the importance of strength and weapons to Daqin. Next, yes, don't think that their ancestors were semi-nomadic, so they are not good at farming. Qin may also occupy a good geographical environment. Xianyang is a thousand miles away. Besides, Qin was the first country among the seven countries to use iron tools and Niu Geng, and its crops were very good. Other countries dig cellars to store food. Only Qin built the ground granary early. Because the cellar capacity is small, it is not enough for storage, so Daqin needs to build a larger container to store grain and grass. In turn, it promoted military development. In such a virtuous circle, Daqin became stronger and stronger. Since grain and grass agriculture is the key foundation of the country's prosperity, the word "He" should be the foundation of Qin characters, supporting the whole Qin Dynasty, which shows the exquisite wisdom of word creation.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, the golden woodpecker unearthed from Qin Gong No.1 Tomb was actually a very small one, almost the size of a fingernail. I don't know why I want to make such a small handicraft, which shows that the Qin people are coarse and fine, and the heroic spirit is fine.

The coffin unearthed from Qin Gong No.1 Tomb is Qin Jinggong's tomb. Qin Jinggong reigned for 40 years. Although he was only a vassal, the mausoleum specifications were publicly adopted at the emperor's level to show Qin's ambition. However, when the six countries gradually reduced martyrdom, Qin Jinggong still used a lot of martyrdom. Now, it seems really stupid. Just this wood, Chunqiu! Immortality for thousands of years, Gong Jing picked a good piece of wood!

The crossbow machine and brass cymbals of the Qin dynasty hurt when you look at this equipment. The crossbow machine is suitable for novice archers, with long and accurate range and convenient operation. A brass cymbal is an arrow, and its head is generally triangular, so it is more powerful to pierce the enemy. Think about it. It's terrible to insert it into the body. I always feel that the war in the cold weapon era is more painful than the guns now. I wonder if it's just pain.

Qin Changcheng beacon tower site map ~ as shown in the figure ~ Seeing here, it's a pity that I didn't see Zhou Youwang beacon tower in Huaqing Pool of Lishan Mountain.

The famous way of Qin, the map of Guigukou. When I was in Xianyang, I always wanted to visit the site of Qin Zhidao, but it was too far away and I finally gave up. Qin Zhi Road is a straight road supervised by Meng Tian sent by Qin Shihuang, and it is the first expressway in the history of China, which can be compared with the Great Wall and Zheng Guoqu Project in the same period. Its original intention, like the Great Wall, is a military project. The Great Wall is used to prevent Huns, and the straight road is a military avenue that the army can reach quickly. When I think of the sentence "All roads lead to Rome", it turns out that the road was also built for military purposes, and the period was very similar to that of the Qin Dynasty, a little later. It seems that China has been in a leading position in history since ancient times, but it's a pity that the present Qin Zhi Dao has not been well preserved.

Daqin Exhibition Hall, of course, is the most representative of Terracotta Warriors. These terracotta warriors and horses are representatives from the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. Finally, I can take a closer look. They are really exquisite, and their hair is clearly done. The appearance of each statue is different, which means that the front is the most basic, and the clothes and hair accessories are different. The latest one, with the lowest status and casually curled hair, is the kind of criminal who rushes in front, with a thick suit. Some even have no weapons, and they are basically dead. The third past, wearing a hat and armor and holding a reins, was originally standing in a carriage, which was the highest position in it. He should be a general, commanding the battle. Look at his shoes. Compared with the one who didn't take a picture in the distance (forgive me for slapping), the toe cap is obviously raised, which is a symbol of high official status (described as cocky)

There is a big picture on this wall, which is a thousand faces of the Terracotta Warriors. This is a bit shocking. As mentioned earlier, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses basically did not reappear. It's interesting to think about it. No one knows what Qin Shihuang looks like, but those unknown craftsmen, because they made the terracotta warriors and horses, made his appearance and spread it for thousands of years.

In fact, the terracotta figures unearthed from the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor look like modern people. Ancient celebrities painted in history books always make people feel that modern people have experienced the evolution of beauty. I always feel that the pottery figurines in Qin Dynasty are much better than those in Han Dynasty. Look at this pottery figurine, its expression is very emotional, not boring or boring.

Compared with the serious expression of the Terracotta Warriors, the civil servants in Qin Dynasty obviously had a mild expression and a little less domineering standing posture, so it is estimated that clothing also had an impact. Looking at his clothes in such hot weather, I can't help wondering, was it really not hot in ancient times? It seems that all the ancient figurines, portraits, even TV dramas and clothes were wrapped in long sleeves. It is said that the material is cooler than it is now, but it is cold again ... well, maybe the greenhouse effect is really too serious.

The bronze sword of Qin dynasty was unearthed from the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang. This is amazing. The article about Xianyang Museum left a suspense, right here. In front of me, I blew all kinds of awesome forces, such as metallurgy and military power of Qin State. That's awesome. It is reported that this sword has been intact for two thousand years. When unearthed, a terracotta warrior just stepped on it, weighing thousands of years. It's bent anyway. Archaeologists took the Terracotta Warriors out, wrapped them in newspapers and put them somewhere. Unexpectedly, it automatically recovered, straightened, and.

The kneeling statues of terracotta warriors and horses in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum are the only ones that are complete when unearthed, because they are short and supported by others when the ground collapses. This action is the standard action before Qin Jun archery. They squat down with crossbows, the next row will be loaded with arrows, and so on. One platoon will stand up and shoot, then squat down, and the next platoon will stand up and shoot again, in order.

The armor of the Qin dynasty is light in weight and easy to move, just like that worn by the kneeling figures above.

The question of Xianyang Museum is answered here. It turns out that Yan and Qi are knife coins, and South Korea is similar to Qin. The elimination point should be the legendary round place.

Every time a unified word is mentioned, it must be this horse dictionary. I just want to say that besides Qin and Chu, other countries are a bit abstract. Korea, is that a horse grain pile?

The Han tile of Qin brick, namely Han tile and Wadang, was developed and formed on the basis of Wadang in Qin dynasty, and was covered in front of eaves as shelter and decoration in ancient buildings. There were a lot of ceramic tiles in the Han Dynasty, and the patterns were different. There are words and pictures, regardless of words and pictures, it means auspiciousness.

Painted kneeling female figurines unearthed from Dou Taihou Mausoleum Pit are similar in posture and expression. In fact, I think the faces of these figurines are quite similar to those of Guanzhong people now. Going to Xi 'an, Xianyang, especially Xianyang, there are fewer tourists and more locals. Pay attention to passers-by, and I feel that my face is quite square.

Or the Terracotta Warriors of the Han Dynasty. As Yang Ling's article said, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Han Dynasty are one-third as big as those in the Qin Dynasty, and they are the same, almost the same as those in Yang Ling. The thin horse on the left in the back row is native to the Han Dynasty, and the tall and burly horse on the right is imported from the Western Regions by Zhang Qian.

Entering the Han exhibition hall, the "Queen Seal" jade seal is small and exquisite. This was found near the Changling where Emperor Gaozu and Lv Hou were buried together. Presumably, this should be the seal of Lv Zhi, and it is also the only jade seal found so far. It is very precious.

"Shanglin Ronggong" copper square furnace, in the Western Han Dynasty, was put aside to keep warm when it was cold. The thought of the west fireplace on TV warms people up and a chimney floats out. Our oven is too strong. Will heating be miserable?

The painted bronze lamp for wild goose fish in the Western Han Dynasty is exquisitely designed. It is shaped like a wild goose looking back and holding a fish. The pillar under the fish is a lampshade, which consists of two arc-shaped copper sheets. This is an open state. Adjust the windproof angle and the brightness of the lamp by rotating the opening and closing size. The best thing is that the whole goose is connected. After the light is lit, smoke can pass through the goose's head and neck and enter the abdomen, and the abdomen will be filled with water.

Green glazed pottery pigsty with toilet, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, this kind of pottery product felt neither suitable for decoration nor burial (I think so myself). Maybe it's just that potters are idle, playing like their own pigsty and watching more pottery in the high court, which reflects the life of ordinary people, but it's very interesting. I remember my mother's hometown is the toilet next to the pigsty, or the primitive toilet.

Yellow glaze with sauce in the Western Han Dynasty. The sign says "toiletries". I don't understand this. It's so small, aren't all the ancient hair accessories quite big? What can I put? At first glance, I thought it was a small stew.

The hammer in the Han Dynasty is basically the same as that in today's hammer, but the copper hammer is better. It has been intact for thousands of years and even works. The hammer is rusty, let alone used.

Garlic copper flat pot and water container in the Western Han Dynasty. Ancient people needed such pots to decorate water. Now it looks like a military pot, but at your age, it's still made of copper. You can't take it with you. Leave it at home. The mouth is so small, it is not convenient to fill water, it is very heavy, and it is not convenient to pour water. It feels worse than a decoration ~

Han dynasty loom, replica

Fan Shi, the five coins of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in Chang 'an District of Xi 'an, is amazing and exemplary, that is, models, molds and printing money in batches.

This is what it looks like in print.

The gold cakes of the Western Han Dynasty unearthed in weiyang district, Xi 'an, are non-circulating currencies and are mainly used for gifts and gifts. Jin Shanshan looks delicious.

The blue glazed peacock pottery lamp unearthed in Henan in the Eastern Han Dynasty is considered to be a bronze lamp. This skill, at first glance, is possessed by rich people.

There are still occasional abacus in the Western Han Dynasty, and its predecessor should be it. Counting vertically and horizontally, the decimal system is definitely a great creation in China's arithmetic history.

The figures of Ci-music in the Han Dynasty have different shapes, and all seem to be male.

Baqiao paper unearthed in Baqiao District of Xi City is the earliest plant fiber paper found in the world so far. Papermaking, one of the four great inventions in China, is mainly famous for Cai Lun. Cai Lun was in the Eastern Han Dynasty. I remember when the history teacher emphasized that Cai Lun improved papermaking. Perhaps this Baqiao paper is the stock of the first generation of papermaking, and I don't know who invented it. What a great man!

Northern Wei Dynasty (four tones for Xie Zhi). This guy is an ancient beast, symbolizing fairness and justice. I suddenly feel that there are many wild animals in ancient China, and their images are varied and lifelike. However, the monster movies nowadays are mostly American blockbusters. Why don't domestic films make good use of their own cultural elements?

Painted male figurines of the Tang Dynasty in international metropolis can be seen everywhere in the world, and their clothes decoration will be affected to some extent, which makes people feel very exotic. I don't know if this figurine is a local or a foreigner.

Three-color building models were unearthed from the Tang tomb in Anxi suburb, Xi. It is a truth whether the tomb owner brought these models to his ancestors with modern paper-burning villas. This is convenient for experts who study Tang Dynasty architecture. China likes a structure with a central axis and symmetrical layout on both sides. It looks serious and formal, but it's a bit old-fashioned after watching it too much.

The foundation of lotus-patterned stone pillars in Xingqing Palace in Tang Dynasty feels that Buddhism flourished in Tang Dynasty, and many lotus elements suddenly merged into the building, and cultures always influenced each other.

At this time, the gold and silver wares in the Tang Dynasty were not only the age of bronze and iron, but also very common. There are all kinds of instruments. Gold is not gold, but gilding, which is the basic lost process mentioned above.

Tang secret colored porcelain dish, unearthed in the underground palace of Famen Temple in Tang Dynasty, is said to be specially designed for the court, so the glaze formula is confidential, so it is called "secret color". I don't know much about this, but it looks really beautiful, crystal clear and moist, and very eye-catching. It's because I didn't shoot well.

Tricolor horse ~ The famous Tang Tricolor horse is really bright. Tri-colored Tang Dynasty prevailed, and many porcelains, pots, pots, etc. all adopted this technique. According to reports, its glaze color is made by using the properties and coloring mechanism of metal oxides in minerals and firing at high temperature?

All kinds of painted female figurines and hostesses unearthed in Xi 'an are chubby women in the Tang Dynasty. Big belly is really exaggerated. I feel that this is a dynasty that particularly loves beauty. There are many kinds of clothes, such as bun, thrush, bud, hook lips and so on. I was so rich that I started to dress up without considering food and clothing. This is really a kind of happiness.

Painted gold-plated military attache figurines and civilian figurines in the Tang Dynasty are much more beautiful than those unearthed in Qin and Han Dynasties. The military attache is serious, the civil servant is gentle and very vivid, but why do I think those dusty figurines look better?

Polo figurines ~ Polo in the Tang Dynasty was a sport of riding on horseback and hitting the ball with a club. It first appeared in the Han Dynasty and prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. It is mainly popular among the military and court nobles. There is a wonderful shot of playing polo in The Legend of Daming Palace, which I saw in Daming Palace Ruins Park. It is quite interesting. However, if you are good at riding a horse, you must have a big space, which is not very suitable for modern people to play polo.

Painted king figurines in the Tang Dynasty ~ I feel that since the early Tang Dynasty, a large number of ferocious figurines have appeared, just like this king figurine, with wide eyes, hands akimbo and heavy eyebrows, which looks fierce. I feel that this phenomenon in the Tang Dynasty was also influenced by the prosperity of Buddhist culture in this period (I think so myself). The heavenly king figurines like this are not really scary monsters. On the contrary, they are mostly buried objects. The ancients believed that the soul could not die, so they used such fierce heavenly king figurines to protect the dead from the evil spirits in the underworld, and at the same time they also had the intention of deterring grave robbers.

Painted camels, camels are very common animals after the opening of the Silk Road. In the Tang Dynasty when all countries came to Korea, people from all countries gathered in Chang 'an, and there were bound to be foreigners leading camels. They use camels to carry things for business. This camel is really hard. There are so many things that two humps can hardly be seen. Perhaps this also reflected the prosperity of trade at that time.