Is it necessary for students majoring in photography to participate in the professional qualification certification of photographers?

National Professional Standards for Photographers

primary

There are two main requirements for junior photographers in the standard: reception and shooting. In the reception work, photographers are required to pay attention to gfd, manners and etiquette, etc. In addition, standard etiquette services should be provided before, during and at the end of shooting. In terms of shooting, photographers at this level are required to independently operate and use the camera, light distribution, composition, focusing, photometry and light setting, choose accurate exposure combinations, and shoot all kinds of ID photos outdoors and in the studio, basically reaching the quality standards of "conforming to specifications, dignified posture, natural expression, appropriate tone and clear image". Taking commemorative photos for people of all ages requires natural expression, vivid posture, clear images and reasonable composition, while taking landscape portraits can give consideration to the performance of people and scenery. This requires photographers to have basic knowledge of photographic composition and color composition. Junior photographers should be able to take photos of small groups of less than 5 people independently, and can arrange them evenly and variably according to the size, age and height of the subjects. It is also required to take excellent small group photos with appropriate light configuration. Judging from the above two standards, this should be the most basic requirement for a photographer.

middle (level)

As a photographer with intermediate qualification, his professional functions are also divided into reception and shooting, but his reception work is mainly the introduction of projects: he can not only answer the questions raised by customers correctly, but also enthusiastically introduce the product characteristics and service items of his business organization, and put forward appropriate consumption suggestions to customers. Besides, you should also have some knowledge and skills in makeup, negative development, photo making and renovation. In terms of shooting, you should be able to take photos of documents, commemorative photos, group photos, artistic photos and wedding photos, and have the skills of remake. When taking ID photos, you should be able to observe the appearance characteristics of the subject, and beautify the subject by adjusting the lighting, shooting position, character posture and other photography skills; Moreover, he should be able to determine the tone of the whole picture and pay attention to the contrast and harmony of colors. As for commemorative photos, he should be able to shoot images with natural expression, vivid posture, reasonable composition and moderate color for customers of all ages, especially when shooting children, he should grasp the psychological characteristics of children and capture the moving images in an instant through induction. When taking a group photo of less than 50 people, it is required to use the equipment configuration reasonably, use the light reasonably, and take a photo with balanced layout, moderate contrast, reasonable composition and clear image with neat and natural arrangement. Artistic photography requires photographers at this level to use composition, color and tone configuration in high school according to customers' aesthetic taste to shoot low-key, artistic images with formal beauty and both form and spirit.

elder

Compared with junior and intermediate photographers, the professional functions of senior photographers include training and studio design in addition to reception and shooting. In acceptance, photographers should have knowledge of consumption and aesthetic psychology, and correctly guide consumers' aesthetic taste and consumption psychology. In terms of shooting, it is required to be able to take group photos, artistic photos, wedding photos and product photos, and at the same time be able to remake and make artistic innovations. A group photo refers to a group photo of more than 50 people, which requires good results in arrangement, location arrangement, light consumption, background selection, instant cohesion and so on. Art photos require photographers to express the characters' personalities and emotions in artistic language, from simple recording to expression, using filters properly and understanding the digital imaging system. Wedding photos require photographers to understand the development trend of modern wedding photography and create the atmosphere and style of the picture. Product shooting requires that the surface morphology, material structure, color and texture of the product can be truly restored by using indoor lighting and natural light to mobilize technical means. When remaking, it is required that not only negative films can be used, but also split films, color-blind films and reverse films can be used to remake big pictures and photos. Ability to use special techniques to make outstanding and correct remakes. Senior photographers should also have the awareness and talent of artistic innovation, and be able to shoot samples with outstanding technical means and artistic performance for their own photography institutions. Photographers at this level also need to be able to conduct professional training and skill teaching for junior and intermediate photographers, systematically demonstrate and guide the practical operation of various photos. Senior photographers should also have the ability of studio design, and design, decorate and arrange the studio environment, lighting and background props according to the actual shooting needs to create a more reasonable, comfortable and beautiful shooting environment.

technician

For technicians and senior technicians, their professional functions have been transformed into teaching and training, management and theoretical research.

The reception work of technicians has also changed from simple reception consultation to guiding consumption, which requires photographers to have knowledge of aesthetic psychology and photography aesthetics, actively understand the aesthetic orientation of customers and guide healthy aesthetic tastes. Shooting can be competent in the design and shooting of advertisements, highlight product characteristics, and have good visual effects and strong visual impact in creativity, performance and implication; We should also be able to create photographic works with the flavor of the times, distinctive personality and market value according to the development of the market and the times. In teaching and training, we should be able to teach relevant professional knowledge, guide creation, correctly evaluate photographic works from an artistic point of view, and stimulate students' artistic creativity. In terms of operation and management, it is necessary to effectively manage technicians, product quality and equipment: rationally allocate posts according to the technical characteristics and skill level of technicians, and reasonably arrange technicians to participate in training, competitions and technical exchanges according to the needs of the development of this photography institution; Be able to formulate and implement the quality standards and management systems of photography products of this photography organization according to the national and local quality standards of photography industry, and make quantitative analysis of product quality, find out the reasons that affect product quality, and formulate corresponding solutions; Be able to regularly check, maintain and maintain the photographic equipment and other equipment of this institution. In theoretical research, we should systematically sum up practical experience, write theoretical and technical articles and comment on photographic works.

Senior technician

The professional functions of senior technicians are mainly reflected in shooting, management and theoretical research. Shooting pays attention to technological innovation, and the works are striving for perfection in thought, art and production, with distinctive artistic characteristics; Ability to handle and solve technical problems. In training and teaching, we should be able to make a photography training plan and syllabus, arrange teaching contents and methods reasonably, systematically teach the theoretical knowledge of portrait and advertising photography and guide such photography creation activities. In terms of operation and management, first, it is necessary to be able to organize and plan activities such as training, competitions and technical exchanges for technical personnel in the region; Second, we can understand the development trends of international photography and the domestic business situation of the same industry, grasp the social consumption trends, put forward the industry development plan in time, help the relevant departments to do a good job in industry planning, network layout and property management, formulate industry service norms and product quality standards, implement technical assessment, and promote the contact and economic and technological exchanges and cooperation between enterprises in the same industry at home and abroad. In terms of theoretical research, first of all, we should systematically and comprehensively summarize the practical experience of portrait photography and advertising photography; Can correctly sum up the law of photographic art creation; Be able to analyze the present situation and development trend of portrait photography; Able to complete the special research project of portrait photography. Relatively speaking, most senior technicians play the roles of teaching, training, guidance, communication, cooperation, organization, coordination and research. He should be a leader in the same industry at home and abroad, and is the highest pursuit and direction of practitioners in many industries.

To sum up, from junior to intermediate senior photographers to technicians and senior technicians, the work requirements from theory to practice are gradual, and the requirements and standards are gradually improved. The evolution from junior technician to senior technician is a process that needs continuous efforts, continuous learning and continuous progress. From this perspective, the positioning of the standard is accurate, the direction is clear, and the goal is clear.

National Professional Standards for Photographers

I. Occupational profile

1. Occupation name: photographer

2. Occupation definition: a person who uses camera light source and modeling skills to shoot portrait landscape products, and makes or broadcasts video information indoors and outdoors.

3. Occupation grade: There are five grades in this occupation, namely junior (national vocational qualification grade five), intermediate (national vocational qualification grade four) and senior (national vocational qualification grade three) technicians (national vocational qualification grade two) and senior technicians (national vocational qualification grade one).

4. Occupational environment: indoor and outdoor normal temperature

5. Professional ability characteristics: general language expression ability, corrected vision of not less than 4.9, strong sense of color and space.

6. Basic education level: graduated from high school (including equivalent education)

7. Training requirements:

1) training period: full-time vocational school education, determined according to its training objectives and teaching plan. Promotion training period: junior students should not be less than 180 standard class hours; Intermediate level is not less than 170 standard hour; Advanced not less than 160 hours; Technical personnel shall not be less than 160 hours; Senior technician shall have no less than 160 class hours.

2) Training teachers: Training teachers should have certain professional knowledge of photography, practical operation ability and teaching experience. When training for the first time, teachers of intermediate personnel should obtain the senior vocational qualification certificate of this profession; Teachers who train senior talents should obtain the professional qualification certificate of this professional technician or the professional title certificate of the corresponding professional lecturer in colleges and universities; Technician training teachers should obtain the professional qualification certificate of senior technicians in this major, or obtain the corresponding associate professor title certificate in colleges and universities; Senior technician training teachers should obtain the professional qualification certificate of senior technicians in this major, and have worked continuously in this major for more than 2 years, or obtain the professional title certificate of the corresponding professional professor in colleges and universities.

3) Training site and equipment: there are standard classrooms with more than 30 people, with good lighting and ventilation conditions; There are more than 30 square meters of practice classrooms; Having necessary teaching equipment such as projectors and slide projectors; There are cameras, tripods, lights, backgrounds and other internship equipment.

8. Identification requirements:

1) Applicable target: people who are engaged in or ready to engage in the career of photographers.

2) Application conditions:

-Main (one of the following conditions)

After primary formal training, he has reached the required standard hours and obtained the graduation (completion) certificate.

I have been a trainee for more than 1 year in this major.

This professional apprentice expires.

-Intermediate (one of the following conditions)

After obtaining the primary vocational qualification certificate, he has been engaged in this occupation for more than 3 years continuously, and has reached the required standard through intermediate formal training, and obtained the graduation (completion) certificate.

After obtaining the primary vocational qualification certificate, he has been engaged in his own work for more than 5 years.

Have been engaged in this occupation continuously for more than 6 years.

Obtained the vocational graduation certificate of secondary vocational school with intermediate skills as the training goal recognized by the administrative department of labor and social security.

-Advanced (one of the following conditions)

After obtaining the intermediate vocational qualification certificate, he has been engaged in this occupation for more than 4 years continuously, and has obtained the graduation (completion) certificate after reaching the required standard hours through the advanced formal training of this occupation.

After obtaining the intermediate vocational qualification certificate, he has been engaged in this occupation for more than 7 years continuously.

Vocational graduation certificate of higher vocational school with advanced skills as the training goal recognized by the administrative department of labor and social security.

Obtain the secondary vocational qualification certificate of this major or related major, and have been engaged in this occupation for more than 2 years continuously.

-Technician (one of the following conditions)

After obtaining the senior vocational qualification certificate, he has been engaged in this occupation for more than 5 years continuously, and has been trained as a regular technician in this occupation to meet the prescribed standards, and has obtained the graduation (completion) certificate.

Having obtained the senior vocational qualification certificate, he has been engaged in this occupation for more than 8 years continuously.

Bachelor degree in photography or related major, engaged in photography for more than 3 years.

-Senior technician (meeting one of the following conditions)

After obtaining the professional qualification certificate of technician, he has been engaged in photography for more than 4 years continuously, and has obtained the graduation (completion) certificate after being trained as a regular senior technician in this occupation and reaching the required standard hours.

After obtaining the professional qualification certificate of technician, he has been engaged in this occupation for more than 6 years.

4) Assessment methods: there are two ways: theoretical knowledge examination and skill operation examination. Theoretical knowledge examination adopts written test, and the results are settled according to standard answers; The skill operation assessment adopts the on-site actual operation assessment and is carried out in different projects. According to the skill assessment standards, the scores will be leveled, and the average score of the assessment team (more than 3 people) will be obtained after the members of the assessment team score separately. Both examinations (assessments) are graded as 100, and those with a score of 60 or above are qualified. The identification of technicians and senior technicians needs a comprehensive review.

5) The ratio of examiners to candidates: theoretical knowledge test1:20; Skill operation test 1: 15.

Assessment time: theoretical knowledge assessment time 100 minutes; According to the difficulty of skill operation assessment, the time for a single assessment is 10-20 minutes, and every overtime 1 minute is reduced by 3% for a single performance.

6) Identification of field equipment: theoretical examination room, not less than 40 square meters, with more than 20 sets of tables and chairs, with good lighting and ventilation environment. The actual operation examination room is not less than 7 meters in length, 5 meters in width and 3 meters in height. Equipped with camera, zoom lens, tripod and other shooting devices, more than 5 modeling lights, and equipped with soft box (umbrella cover) hood. Suitable for black and white color half-length photos or full-length photos with monochrome and dreamy background.

2. Basic requirements

1. Professional ethics

1) Basic knowledge of professional ethics

Professional regulations

A Abide by national laws and relevant regulations and resist all unhealthy photography requirements.

B: Receive customers in a friendly, polite and sincere manner.

C enthusiastic service, patient, thoughtful and civilized management.

D love their jobs, serious and responsible, with a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility.

E. Observe the operating rules and improve the shooting quality and work efficiency.

F study hard, study hard and master modern knowledge and skills.

2. Basic knowledge

General knowledge of photography development.

2) photographic imaging principle

3) Type, structure and performance of camera

4) Type, structure and performance of photographic lens

5) Types and properties of photosensitive materials

6) exposure control and tone adjustment

7) Legal provisions of the Consumer Protection Law

8) Legal provisions related to portrait rights

9) Basic knowledge of labor law

10) Basic knowledge of safe use and fire prevention of electrical appliances.

Three. job requirement

The requirements of this standard for work at all levels are progressive in turn, with high-level content including low-level content.

primary

Requires functional work, content, skills and related knowledge.

1. Reception etiquette 1. Common polite expressions 2. Service specification language 3. Trade service convention

2. Take (1) ID photo 1. Be able to independently operate the composition and focus of the camera, select the accurate exposure combination and capture the moment. 2. Being able to take all kinds of ID photos, basically reaching the quality standard of "conforming to the standard, dignified posture, natural expression, appropriate color tone and clear image" 1. Light modeling ○ 1 light modeling characteristics.

(2) Commemorative photo 1. It can be used for young and middle-aged people and the elderly to take photos with natural posture, vivid image and reasonable composition. 2. Shooting landscape portraits can give consideration to the performance of people and scenery. 1. Take indoor and outdoor portraits. 2. Picture composition. 3. Shadow composition. 4. Line composition. 5. Color composition.

(3) Small group photo 1. You can configure the lighting modeling effect with uniform light and appropriate illumination. 2. It can be arranged according to the brotherly relationship between the young and old teachers and students of the subject, and the picture arrangement is diverse and unified. 3. You can take photos of small groups with less than 5 people (including 5 people) 1. Lighting methods of small group photos II. Arrangement of group photos. Take photos of small groups.

middle (level)

Functional work, content and skills require relevant knowledge.

1. Introduction of reception work items 1. Be able to answer customers' questions correctly. 2. Be able to enthusiastically introduce our company's product styles and service items, and put forward suggestions suitable for customers' needs. 1. the relationship between photography and the transformation of darkroom ○ 1 basic knowledge of makeup ○2. Film development 03. Photo making ○4. Photo transformation ○ 2. Features of various products.

(2) Shooting (1) ID card photo 1. Be able to observe people's appearance characteristics and beautify the subject with photography skills. 2. Be able to reasonably configure the color of the subject and background of the picture 1. Methods of cosmetic defects ○ 1. Adjust the lighting combination according to the appearance. Adjust the shooting position to the cosmetic appearance. Adjust people's posture and manner to the appearance of plastic surgery. Cover up makeup defects and beautify the subject.

(2) Commemorative photos can capture images with natural expression, vivid composition and proper color tone, and are suitable for customers of all ages. Children's shooting ○ 1 children's psychological characteristics ○2 induction method ○3 instant capture.

(3) Multi-person photos 1. Be able to take photos of more than 50 people. 2. Be able to use neat or natural arrangement methods; When arranging, take care of the relationship between the primary and secondary height, fat and thin, and the color of clothes; Balance and contrast of picture layout, proper composition and reasonable image definition 1. Organizing methods of multi-person photos II. Take group photos with related equipment 3. Light consumption and shooting of multi-person photos.

(4) Art photos 1. Can be shot according to the customer's aesthetic taste. 2. It can be used reasonably to configure composition, tone and color, so that the picture has a formal aesthetic feeling. 3. It can create artistic images with both form and spirit. 4. It can be used to take low-key photos of high school and portraits with high, medium and low-key images.

(5) remake 1. Can use black and white full-color negative to remake small charts, photos, etc. 2. It can achieve the reproducible remake effect of uniform brightness, clear image tone and no distortion of color graphics 1. Preparation of remake equipment ○ 1 camera ○2 remake table ○3 remake lamps ○4 filter 2. Original remake ○ 6675; .

(6) Wedding photos You can take wedding photos with natural posture and diverse pictures. 1. photographic equipment 2. The posture and manner of the characters.

elder

Functional work requires skills and knowledge.

Reception work, reception consultation 1. Be able to correctly answer the questions raised by customers. Understand customers' aesthetic psychology and help customers improve their aesthetic level 1. Consumer psychology II. Aesthetic psychology.

(2) shooting (1) taking a group photo 1. Can complete the photo shoot of more than 50 people. 2. The photographed images can be closely spaced, consistent in posture, symmetrical in tone and orderly arranged. The primary and secondary positions of the characters are arranged reasonably and the light is suitable for the background. The appropriate picture effect is 1. Organization and arrangement of group photos. The light consumption of group photos 3. Background selection of group photos.

(2) Art photos 1. Be able to take artistic photos that are full of life, novel in form, diverse in posture and meet the aesthetic needs of customers. 2. Be able to use the artistic language of composition, tone and color or skillfully use the expression method of photography to shape artistic images and express emotions. 2. Use of special filters. 3. Emotional characteristics of timbre lines. 4. Character expression. 5. Digital imaging system.

(3) remake 1. Can use color-blind movies to remake 2. Be able to remake the first mate's chart photos, etc. 3. Be able to use special techniques to highlight and correct the remake 1. Types and properties of photosensitive materials Performance of color-blind film Performance of color-blind film reversal film II. Highlight remake 3. Correct remake

(d) wedding photos 1. Can organize and guide customers to show natural action expressions. 2. Be able to use technical techniques to shoot extraordinary image effects such as monochrome, offset, light color, heavy color, imitation and imitation. 1. The trend of modern wedding photography. 2. Creation of picture style: monochrome effect, partial tone effect, light color effect, imitation of the old.

(5) Product photos 1. Be able to take photos of products by using studio lighting props or natural conditions on site 2. Be able to truly express the surface structure, shape, color and texture of products 1 by using photography technology. Equipment of product photo 2. Lighting of product photo 3. Processing of background 4. Location of product photos.

(6) artistic innovation 1. Ability to take photo samples of this enterprise. 2. Can create a novel and beautiful, innovative proof portrait photography creation law in technology or expression.

3. Teaching and training skills 1. Be able to teach junior and intermediate photographers professional knowledge related to their work content II. Can systematically demonstrate and guide the technical skills of photo ID, commemorative photo, photo art, wedding photo remake and other practical operations. 1. Basic knowledge of vocational teaching II. The relationship between content and form of artistic works.

Four studio design (1) environmental design 1. The style of the studio can meet the enterprise orientation and local aesthetic taste. 2. The decoration of the studio environment can be unified with the style of the shooting project. 3. Environmental decoration can be novel, concise, beautiful and generous. 4. The space utilization rate of the studio can be high. 5. The lighting of the design environment is suitable for 1. Environmental style II. Coordination between environment and project.

(2) Lighting design 1. Be able to choose the specifications, brand accessories and reflectors of lamps according to the shooting content. 2. The lamp position can be designed reasonably, and it is convenient to use 1. Types and performance of lamps. Knowledge of light modeling.

(3) Design of background props 1. The background props that can be designed meet the local aesthetic taste. 2. The Beijing props that can be designed are suitable in size, harmonious in color configuration and reasonable in location. 3. The background props that can be designed are novel and beautiful and consistent with the shooting content. 1. Design of background props. Color configuration.

technician

Requires functional work, content, skills and related knowledge.

One reception leads to consumption 1. Can actively explore the aesthetic orientation of customers II. Can induce healthy aesthetic taste 1. Basic principles of photography aesthetics II. Basic knowledge of aesthetic psychology.

2. Shoot (1) advertising photography 1. Be able to understand the characteristics of products required by customers and the content, purpose and target of publicity. Can create creative and novel advertising photography works with prominent theme, vivid form, beautiful meaning and strong visual impact 1. Who can design advertisements II. Shoot advertising photography.

(2) Technological innovation can create new photography varieties, styles and projects that conform to the spirit of the times and aesthetic trends and have market value, and artistic thinking of portrait photography.

Training and teaching 1. Be able to teach professional knowledge related to the work content of photographers below senior level (including senior level) II. Be able to evaluate photographic works from an artistic point of view and guide artistic creation 3. Can cultivate students' innovative ability. The responsibility and quality of a photographer. Ways to cultivate creativity.

Operation management (1) technical personnel management 1. Be able to allocate work reasonably according to the technical characteristics and skill level of enterprise technicians. 2. Be able to participate in training competitions and technical exchanges reasonably according to the needs of enterprise development.

(2) product quality management 1. Be able to accurately analyze the reasons affecting product quality and propose effective solutions. 2. Be able to stipulate and implement the quality standards and management system of the photographic products of this enterprise 1. The relationship between photography and post-processing II. National and local quality standards of photography industry.

(3) Equipment management can define the equipment management measures for the maintenance of photographic equipment according to the equipment status of the enterprise.

5. Theoretical research and technical theoretical research 1. Be able to systematically sum up practical experience and write technical articles. 2. Be able to write review articles and descriptive review articles on photography appreciation.

Senior technician

Requires functional work, content, skills and related knowledge.

1. Innovation of photography skills 1. Can create a unique style of photography; The works created are profound in thought, exquisite in art and exquisite in production, which have great influence in the same industry in the country and have a guiding role in the development of the industry. 2. They can handle and solve difficult technical problems, artistic styles and genres.

Training management (1) teaching 1. Be able to systematically teach the knowledge of portrait photography and advertising photography, and guide the creative activities of various portrait photography and advertising photography. 2. Be able to pay attention to students' individualized cultivation of artistic talents and artistic personality.

(2) Teaching management 1. Be able to make the teaching plan and syllabus of photography training class. 2. Be able to arrange the teaching content reasonably, choose the appropriate teaching methods, and make the teaching plan outline.

3. Management (1) Technical personnel management can be competent for the organization of technical personnel training, competitions, technical exchanges and other activities in the region.

(2) Industry management 1. Be able to understand the development trends of international photography and the domestic business situation of the same industry, grasp the social consumption trend, and put forward the industry development plan in time. 2. To assist relevant departments in industry planning, network layout and price management; Formulate industry service standards and product quality standards, implement technical assessment, and be a good government worker; Promote the contact between enterprises and international and domestic economic and technological exchanges and cooperation in the same industry 1. Characteristics of local clients II. Ways and methods of collecting information. marketing

4. Theoretical research on art theory 1. Can systematically and comprehensively summarize the practical experience of portrait photography and advertising photography II. Can correctly sum up the law of photographic art creation 3. Be able to analyze the present situation and development trend of portrait photography 4. Can complete the special research project of portrait photography 1. An overview of photography II. Write a paper.

Quadruple pycnometer

theoretical knowledge

Project junior, intermediate and senior technicians

Basic requirements professional ethics 5 3 3

Basic knowledge 65 52 37 25 15

Related knowledge 1. Reception work 1. Reception etiquette 5

2. Project introduction 5

3. Counseling 5 2

4. Reception and consumption 3

Two. Take 1. ID photo 5

2. Commemorative photo 15

3. Group photo 5 5 3

4. Art photos 20 15 13 10

5. Remake 7 2 2

6. Wedding photos 8 10 5 5

7. Product photos 5

8. Advertising photography 10 5

9. Art photography 10 10 15

Three. Training 1. Skill transfer 5

2. Teaching 5 5

3. Teaching management

Four. Studio design 1. Environmental design ii

2. Lighting design 2

3. Background, prop design 1

Verb (abbreviation of verb) business administration 1. Technician management 4 2

2. Product quality management 3 2

3. Equipment management 3

4. Industry management 6

Theoretical management of intransitive verbs 1. Research on technical theory 15 10

2. Art theory research 20

Total100100100100.

Skill operation

Project junior, intermediate and senior technicians

Job requirements 1. Reception work 1. Reception etiquette 10 5 1 1.

2. Project Introduction 5 1 1 1

3. Reception and consultation 3 1 1

4. Reception consumption 2 2

2. Shoot 1. Id photo 30 10 5 2 2

2. Commemorative photo 30 10 5 3 2

3. Group photo 30 15 10 5 2

4. Art photos 20 15 10 10

5. remake 15 5 5 2

6. Wedding photos 20 15 5 10

7. Product picture 15 5 2

8. Advertising photography 10 10

9. Art photography 15 15 10

Three. Training 1. Skill transfer 5 2 2

2. Teaching 3 3

3. Teaching management

4. Studio design 1. Environmental design 1 1 1

2. Lighting design 1 1 1

3. Background, prop design 3 3

Verb (abbreviation of verb) business administration 1. Technical personnel management 3 2

2. Product quality management 4 2

3. Equipment management 3 1

4. Industry management 5

A theoretical study of intransitive verbs 1. Technical theory research 15 5

2. Research on Art Theory 15

Total100100100100.