Basic knowledge of canon camera

1. What is the basic knowledge of SLR cameras?

18 notes for beginners of digital SLR cameras 1. The photos taken with wide-angle lens have black corners, mainly because the flash coverage of wide-angle lens does not match the field of view.

Most of the flash coverage of the old flash can only be matched with a small wide-angle lens of 35mm. The field of view of the 28mm wide-angle lens is larger than that of the 35mm lens by 12 degrees, so the picture appears black due to insufficient light. There are two ways to prevent it. One is to add a diffuser to the light, so that the flash can become scattered light and expand the coverage. The second is to cover the lamp holder with white gauze to scatter the light, so that the whole picture receives light evenly.

2. The picture is blurred. After troubleshooting the camera, hand shake and other reasons, it is necessary to check whether the lens is dusty or stained. Don't blow with your mouth or wipe with a towel in this situation.

Blow the balloon to blow off the dust on the lens, then brush off the debris with a lens brush, and finally wipe it with lens paper to make the lens as bright as new. If there are still sweat stains, fingerprints and oil stains, they should be sent to the camera repair shop to be carefully removed with lens cleaning solution.

3. There are two possibilities: fuzzy subject and clear background. First, when the manual focusing camera focuses, the focus is not on the subject or after the subject is focused, it moves in the composition and does not refocus, so that the subject is not within the depth of field; Secondly, when using an autofocus camera, the focus is not "locked" by pressing the shutter and then re-composing, so that the focus drifts to other parts of the composition. 4, the first few rows of photos are clear, and the last few rows are blurred. In order to ensure that everyone's image is clear, three points must be achieved: first, selective focusing.

Five rows of people take a group photo and choose the focus of the second row; Seven rows of people take a group photo, and choose the third row to focus. Second, the aperture should not be set too large, and f4-8 is generally suitable to ensure sufficient depth of field.

Third, the shutter speed should not be lower than 1/60 seconds, lest someone turn his head and blur the image. 5. There are two main reasons why the film is not exposed: First, the lens cover is forgotten when the paraxial camera is shooting, and the scene in the viewfinder is very clear, but the imaging light does not enter the lens, and the film is not sensitive.

Second, 135 manual film winding of SLR camera is not in place, and the film axis of the cassette is not paid attention to during film winding. Due to the slide of the film head, when the film winding handle is moved, although the shutter has been wound, the counter counts as usual, but the film does not move in the cassette. Although the counter shows that 36 shots have been taken, none of them are actually photosensitive.

6. There are two main reasons for shadows in the four corners of the photo: First, the focal length of the hood and the lens does not match. A wide-angle lens with a focal length of 28mm uses a 50mm standard hood, which will block light from entering the lens.

Because the field of vision of the pan-tilt is 47 degrees, and the field of vision of the 28mm wide-angle lens is 75 degrees. Second, when shooting with a 28mm wide-angle lens, a UV lens has been worn on the lens. If you wear a polarizer again, because the polarizer is composed of two pieces of glass with a thick frame, adding it to the frame of the UV lens will inevitably block the light from entering the lens and make the four corners of the photo black.

If you need a polarizer when shooting with a wide-angle lens, you must first remove the UV lens and then install the polarizer, so that the picture can receive light evenly. 7, the color is dead white or dark black, lacking the shadow level. No matter whether the photo is black and white or color, only when the exposure is accurate can bright colors and rich layers be obtained.

White photos are overexposed; Dark photos are underexposed. Built-in metering system, designed according to the medium gray reflectivity of 18%, can accurately expose most scenes and restore colors. However, when encountering some special light or scenes, it needs to be corrected on the basis of photometry.

If you don't increase the exposure of 1.5-2 when shooting snow scenes, the snow will turn gray; If the exposure of 1.5-2 is not reduced, the black coal will turn dark gray. Because even the most advanced camera has no thinking function, it will only treat all the scenery with medium gray tone with reflectivity of 18%.

8. The photos taken with electronic flash are still underexposed for two reasons: First, the aperture setting is too small. The flash speed of the flash is generally above11000 seconds, and the shutter has lost its light control function, mainly relying on the aperture size to control the exposure.

If you take a picture with a flash and there is no automatic shift, you must first calculate the aperture coefficient. Second, the flash power is insufficient.

The newly bought flash lamp has to be charged and discharged for more than ten times to make the capacitor in the lamp active before it can be officially used. The old flashlight charging signal lamp only has 70% power, and it can be fully charged in 10 second under normal use.

9. Half of the photos taken by a SLR camera with a flash are black shadows. This is because the curtain shutter of SLR camera is not synchronized with the flash. SLR cameras take pictures with flash, so pay attention to the synchronization of the flash (the speed of each camera is different).

10, the background of the portrait photo is clear and gorgeous, and the face of the character is dark. First, the average photometry is used when shooting against the light, and the face of the person is not filled with light; Second, the background is bright (snow, desert, beach), and the data recommended by internal photometry is used for exposure. The background exposure is moderate and the characters are underexposed. There are three ways to solve this problem: one is to fill characters with flash; The second is to add 1-2 exposure on the basis of photometry; The third is to get close to people and measure the light on the face. After "locking" exposure (using the photometric memory button or changing to manual exposure), return to the original position for composition, focusing and shooting.

1 1, group photo, no one around. There are two situations. First, the head-up camera ignores parallax when shooting, and the picture is too full; Second, although there is no parallax when using a SLR camera, there is no space around the picture. When printing, some pictures are crushed around, and the color enlarger only prints about 95% of the negative. So no matter what camera you use, you should leave some room for composition.

Don't let the characters stand on top, fill the picture. 12, the photo has scratches. If there are scratches on the negative, it may be caused by two things.

First, the old cassette used in the large-scale sub-packaging roll was polluted, and sand was caught in the flannel at the film outlet, which scratched the film; Second, the flat plate on the back of the camera has burrs, and the film is scratched by the film. Before using the subcontracted roll, it is best to take the film head back into the film box, carefully clean the flannel at the film mouth with a blowing balloon and a brush, and then take the film head out for later use.

If the camera platen has burrs, carefully grind them off with a small piece of No.0 sandpaper (be careful not to scratch the paint film on the platen). 13, the tone of the whole photo is blue, which is caused by the high color temperature.

On cloudy or thin clouds, the color temperature of natural light is as high as 7000-.

2. Precautions for getting started with SLR cameras

The unique advantage of SLR cameras lies in the lens. People who play SLR will inevitably have multiple shots, such as fixed-focus portrait shooting, wide-angle camera shooting scenery, telephoto documentary shooting and so on. After entering the ranks of SLR, you need to know the basic knowledge and shooting skills. Here are some basic photography skills.

Shutter: Compared with ordinary digital cameras, the most direct change for beginners is to constantly adjust the shutter, adjust the light input of photos through the shutter, and then make a reasonable choice according to the shooting environment and experience. When getting started, you can choose automatic mode or P mode, first take a photo, then check the photo parameters, and then change the shutter through M mode or AV\TV. Generally, the number of photos decreases when they are dark and increases when they are bright.

Introductory knowledge ISO: When shooting under special light, it is not enough to simply control the shutter. Setting ISO reasonably will give people more choices. Generally speaking, the lower the ISO value, the better the photo quality and the less noise, while the higher the ISO value, it is usually used in poor light, or in order to ensure the clarity of the subject when shooting moving objects, so you must learn the constant changes of ISO when getting started.

Introductory knowledge aperture: through the reasonable choice of aperture, a photo can be realistic and layered. When shooting portraits or still life, people or things need to be highlighted, and the background needs to be blurred with a large aperture. General scenery needs to accommodate more information, and multi-level scenes such as front, middle and back need to be recorded in photos with small apertures. The intuitive number of aperture is f value. The smaller the f value, the larger the aperture and the higher the external blur of the subject. The larger the F value, the smaller the aperture, and the better the layering in the landscape.

At the beginning of knowledge, you can skillfully use the above three kinds to take clear and satisfactory photos. Beginner photographers can learn to take clear, bright and outstanding photos. With more and more knowledge of light and shadow photography, ordinary SLR beginners will experience: recording more, taking photos at will, being picky about photos, taking photos for what, and how to get the desired effect. . Language organization may not be able to express clearly, and more words will be recorded later.

Parameter method of photography skills: beginners need to have a familiar process with the photo parameters, those environments need to know the corresponding ISO, and the shutter value needs to be adjusted in time after looking back at the photos. Generally, beginners of SLR usually adjust the shutter in time by shooting first. The simplest parameter acquisition is automatic shooting, or a photographer is directly around to show how to set it.

The level of photography skills: it is the basic skill to ensure that you are horizontal and vertical when shooting introductory photography. Although it is a bit dull, it is very helpful to develop habits, to familiarize yourself with the weight of the fuselage, and to gradually familiarize yourself with the functions of SLR cameras.

Photography skills composition and light and shadow: good photos have either event value or communication and ideological integration. It is necessary to cut in from the perspective of light and shadow and prepare composition knowledge. Beginners need to start with some basic attempts, which is conducive to a better understanding of photography.

The ultimate goal of novice photography is to get the pleasure and motivation of progress. Happy shooting and shooting are more and more liked by themselves and more people. The key is to stick to shooting, sum up the advantages and disadvantages of classified photography, be more prepared to capture the current skills, love non-majors, and be happy when you get started.

3. Some simple common sense of Canon household camera, welcome to consult.

1. exposure compensation is used to control the exposure of photos. It can be+or-. The greater the value of+,the brighter the picture, and the greater the value of-,the darker the picture.

2. The abbreviation of sensitivity is ISO. Under the same lighting conditions and settings, the brighter the ISO value rises, the darker it falls. However, it should be noted that the higher the ISO value, the stronger the graininess of the picture.

3. Smiling button is the switch of smiling face detection function. When this function is turned on, when shooting people, the camera will automatically shoot after detecting that all faces in the picture are smiling, which is more convenient for shooting. 4. The camera is set to semi-automatic or full manual, and the ISO of the camera is set to automatic, so that the camera will automatically increase or decrease the ISO value according to the ambient light for correct exposure. As long as it is not fully automatic, the built-in flash of the camera will not jump automatically.

Your knowledge about SLR is easy to understand and I hope to learn from you.

If you don't know anything at first, record some simple knowledge and send it for reference. About the lens 18- 16mm: ditto 22mm-24mm: imprecise architectural panorama, or a natural landscape (preciseness requires large frame and shifting lens to correct differences), urban buildings and a large number of people.

28mm: Broad scenery, crowded scenes, portraits with a sense of community 35mm: General scenery, buildings or inside buildings, documentary portraits 50mm: partial scenery, full-length portraits, which can be used in almost any scene and theme. 60-65mm: small macro, suitable for shooting some cup-sized objects or rice cookers and other commodities. This focal length is suitable for buying macro lenses.

80 mm: bust, some close-ups, or highlighting someone in the scene. 100mm: Macro gold focal length, especially suitable for shooting macro subjects.

135mm: portrait focal length, suitable for portrait close-up. Those MMs on the Internet that are particularly beautiful with blurred background are all shot at this focal length (generally, an 85mm lens is put on an ordinary APS SLR, and due to the conversion factor, it can just get the focal length of 135) 200mm: portrait close-up, big head, long-range shooting. 300mm: People in the distance want to take close-ups, birds in the distance, sports, and distant shots.

400 mm-600 mm: wild animals, football matches, etc. 1200mm: Astrophotography is a dangerous wild animal. In a game in a large stadium, the best and worst focal lengths are 50mm, which is close to the effect seen by human eyes, so there is no wide-angle impact and telephoto impact. But in history, there are more top works shot with 50mm lens than all other focal lengths combined.

50mm can't have the impact of the picture itself, so 50mm must win by content. Composition, color, connotation and story are extremely important, so it can usually make great works. 35mm is the favorite of news photography, which is quasi-wide-angle. It can hold more things than people can see, and it won't include many unimportant things like ultra-wide angle with focal length below 28. Before talking about aperture, let's review the relationship between shutter and aperture. Let me give you an example to illustrate that when a bucket of water is full, the water flows quickly and it is filled quickly. Turn down the tap and the water will flow slowly. It will take a long time to fill a bucket of water.

The switch of faucet is "aperture" and the speed of water flow is shutter. Accurately filling a bucket of water is the correct exposure.

Aperture is a mechanical device that can change the size of the middle hole of the camera lens, and shutter is a device (mechanical or electronic) that controls the exposure time. The two are combined to control the exposure. Aperture value: f1.4/f2/f2.8/f4/f5.6/f8/f1/f16/f22/f32, which is commonly used in our general camera lens, where the smaller the number (.

So when we talk about large aperture, we usually mean smaller aperture value, which beginners often confuse. There is a "one grid" difference in light quantity between each group of adjacent aperture values (the aperture of digital SLR cameras is thinner, and f 16/f 18/f20/f22 is equal to 1/3 grid, which is an improvement).

For example, f 1.4 and f2 are one grid apart, and the apertures of f5.6 and f8 are also one grid apart. The amount of light entering each aperture is multiplied. For example, the amount of light entering f4 is twice that of f5.6, and that of f2.8 is twice that of f4. In this way, the amount of light entering f2.8 is four times that of F5.6 ..

Actually, it doesn't matter if it doesn't count. At present, you only need to know that the amount of light entering each frame of the aperture is twice as different. Now you should know something about aperture! Aperture is the valve of faucet, which directly affects the quantity and speed of light entering.

The depth of field has an allowable diffusion circle before and after the focus, and the distance between these two circles is called the depth of field, that is, the image still has a clear range before and after the subject (focus), that is, the depth of field. In other words, the depth of field before and after the subject and the blur of the image presented on the surface of the negative are within the allowable dispersion circle.

The shallower the depth of field, the more obvious the background blur. ENDA S P M file p "file; The machine will automatically set the aperture and shutter according to the situation of the subject.

"A" gear: aperture priority. Manually adjust the aperture, and the machine automatically sets the shutter.

Conducive to depth of field control. "S" file: shutter priority.

Manually adjust the shutter, and the machine automatically sets the aperture. Shooting sports, waterfalls, etc. Is available.

"M" gear: completely manually adjust the aperture and shutter. Give full play to your creativity in using light.

Some machines have an "automatic" file that is a complete idiot. The difference between P file and it file is that P file can manually adjust exposure compensation and other parameters.

Automatic transmission "pure idiot" When shooting portraits, we usually use large aperture and long focal length to blur the background and get a shallow depth of field, which can highlight the subject.

At the same time, a larger aperture can also obtain a faster shutter value, thus improving the stability of hand-held shooting. When taking photos such as scenery, we often use a smaller aperture value, so that the range of depth of field is wider, which can make the distant and nearby scenery clear, which is also applicable when shooting night scenes.

Aperture priority is generally represented by "a" on digital cameras. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting.

For example, it only takes1125 seconds to photograph pedestrians and11000 seconds to photograph falling water droplets. Shutter priority on digital cameras is generally represented by "S".

The area exposure method is needed to shoot the scenery. When measuring the light in different areas, if M-files are used, the EV of each area can be read directly through the exposure ruler. If the A file is used, the shutter conversion of time must be used to obtain the EV value. After finding it, be sure to lock the exposure with the exposure lock key, and then focus on the composition. In the meantime, if you accidentally touch the exposure lock, you have to do it again. Compared with the F4 aperture of M-file, you will find that the background blur of F4 is more obvious and the scenery is deeper. This is the A-file end exposure compensation, and it is also an exposure control method. Generally, there is an "exposure compensation" button around the digital camera, which is divided into positive compensation (increasing exposure) and negative compensation (.

5. Ask some basic knowledge about cameras (Canon)

1 indicates that the distance between the camera and the subject is shortened. 2 indicates that the effective resolution of the camera is shortened. 3 means that the greater the distance multiple of the subject, the closer it is. The photos you took don't like virtual shadows. Wide-angle lenses shoot more scenes than ordinary lenses, that is to say, at the same distance, you can shoot six wide-angle lenses that ordinary lenses can't shoot. The camera first recognizes your face and can take pictures under any circumstances. Your practice is the most beautiful. The higher the sensitivity. The clearer the film, the better photos can be taken even in poor light. 8 3.0 inch LCD screen 9 CCD size is the size of its photosensitive element. Common ones are11.81/2.51/3.0. The smaller the value, the larger the photosensitive element, so11.8 is better than others. 1.6 is better. 10 is the photo processor of its machine. The third generation 1 1 lens has an effective shooting distance of 12 for direct printing. Plug in the printer and print directly. Oh, I'm exhausted.

6. Let an expert talk about the basic knowledge of cameras, preferably in detail ~ ~

It depends on what camera it is. If it's for family entertainment, it's ok. If it is professional, you'd better check it online. It's hard to tell you clearly at this time. I hope you can understand and wish you happiness.

I found the following. I don't know if it will be useful to you. Night shooting generally requires a large aperture and a small speed.

1 First, shoot the stage in a lighting environment, as close as possible to the stage. Otherwise, the larger the optical zoom factor, the greater the influence of camera shake, even if a tripod is used.

You must use a tripod. The shooting stage in lighting environment is equivalent to night scene mode.

That is, large aperture and small speed. An effective way to prevent jitter from affecting image quality is to use a tripod.

Or support the front seat with your elbow, which also has certain effect. 3, don't take a panoramic view, the contrast between light and dark in the panoramic environment is too big, and the phenomenon of virtual shadow is serious.

The lens mainly captures individuals or parts. 4. The most effective solution is to increase the ISO value of the camera in the settings.

In an environment with insufficient illumination, the higher the ISO value, the more effective it can be to compensate illumination, but the result is a decline in image quality. But this is directly related to the quality and grade of the camera.

The ISO value of some cameras can be increased to 800, and the image quality will not be significantly reduced. So you have to try more, from ISO200 to ISO400, slowly increase and compare the photo output.

5, there is to shoot more, don't let the camera idle. Because of the moving scene, you can't decide what to shoot at all, so shoot more and make a choice.

● Three elements of shooting: Three elements of shooting: "Focus, exposure and composition" are the basis of shooting. The so-called exposure refers to the photosensitive intensity of negative film or CCD photosensitive element; If the light can't be adjusted to the most appropriate intensity, the negative and CCD can't record and confirm the image correctly.

The intensity of light can be controlled by adjusting the "aperture" and "shutter speed". 1. Clear focus. "The people in the photo look foggy! ! "Do you often encounter this problem? Generally speaking, it is a question of focusing. There are several techniques to concentrate well. Please look down: ● Identify the focus: Generally, the focus of a digital camera is in the center of the camera. You can see a small frame on the LCD of the camera. When taking a picture, please aim at the person in the small box, press the shutter half-way, and when you hear the beep, a small green light will light up (depending on the camera type), indicating that you are in focus.

● Is the subject in focus: 1. First of all, put people in the center to focus. 2. Half press the shutter to finish focusing first. At this time, don't let go of the hand that presses the shutter, or the focus will deviate. 3. Move the person to one side. After the composition is completed, press the shutter completely to complete the photo. Because it has been focused before, the focus will not deviate.

● Pay attention to hand shaking: it is the only way to stabilize camera shooting, but always pay attention to shutter speed. Digital cameras now display shutter and aperture data. Generally speaking, the so-called safety shutter is not less than 1/30 seconds. If the shutter value is found to be lower than 1/30, please use a tripod to increase stability.

2. Exposure should be correct ● What is exposure (exposure compensation): In traditional photography, what we call exposure value is the so-called EV value. You can make the adjustment of+/-,that is, the adjustment of exposing one frame more (brightening) or one frame less (darkening) to make the image more correct when exposed, so that the photo will not be too dark or too bright. (Now all digital cameras have EV keys) Formula: If the subject is dark, it will be dark, and if it is bright, it will reduce the EV value (change the darkness). If the subject is bright, it will be contradictory to increase the EV value (change the brightness). After reading the following explanation, you will understand the efficacy of EV value. At present, the digital camera will automatically help you calculate the best exposure value. But in some cases, the camera will be deceived by the shooting environment.

● Pay attention to the environment: In an environment where the background is usually too bright, it may be that the protagonist stands in front of a white wall, or wears white clothes, or on a white beach, or in the snow, which will cause the background brightness to be greater than the main body. This is when the formula comes in handy. On the contrary, if you wear dark clothes or the background is too dark, you should lower the EV value.

● Flash: Flash can be used not only at night, but also at the right time during the day, which can increase the correct exposure. 3. The composition should be special. When you are familiar with the first two skills, we will reach the end, which is also the most important skill: composition generally has the following steps, please read it carefully: ● Gold composition: We often hear some professional photographers talk about gold composition, but we never know what gold composition is. Today, I will briefly introduce what is golden composition, so that you can become a professional photographer. In fact, the composition of gold is divided in equal proportion, and the division ratio is 2:3, 3:5, 5:8 and so on. That is, cut out lines with equal proportion in the photo, and then arrange the scenery in the photo in a ratio of 2:3 ● Jiugongge composition: People find that the intersection of four lines in Jiugongge is the most sensitive place for human eyes. These four points are also called "interest center" in foreign theories.

When shooting, you can cut out a nine-square grid on the LCD of the camera in an imaginary way, and then arrange the main body and the extended foreground or background at two different points to draw a diagonal line, that is, complete a nine-square grid composition. Simple. In fact, the composition of Jiugongge can be used in many places, such as photographing the coastline. You can put the coastline above 1/3 or below 1/3 to create a different feeling. Remember not to put it in the middle of the picture.

Practical Skills of Digital Camera Photography 6 Even if you have the experience of traditional film photography, you still need to pay attention to some problems when using digital cameras for digital photography in order to make the photos more perfect! 1. Beware of frame error. The optical viewfinder of an ordinary digital camera is paraxial. The scene seen from optical framing and the photo actually taken by the lens do not pass through the same optical axis. The worse the topic, the more obvious it is. There are often some close-up compensation signs in the optical viewfinder to tell the photographer about the error.

Using LCD to find views can solve this problem to a great extent. But the resolution of LCD is different.