Who was the leader of the Red Scarf Army Uprising?

Who was the leader of the Red Scarf Army Uprising?

How did the one-eyed stone man provoke the Yellow River to rebel against the world come from? Who was the leader of the Red Scarf Army Uprising?

Since the Yuan Dynasty proclaimed itself emperor, nine emperors have been handed down from generation to generation. The internal struggle of the royal family is very fierce, politics is becoming more and more corrupt, and the people are suffering greatly. After the last emperor Yuan Shundi (also known as Zong) ascended the throne, the treasury was empty, prices soared, and the people could not bear it, and peasant uprisings broke out in many places.

There is a farmer named Han in Hebei, and his grandfather is a teacher. He used the form of missionary work to secretly organize farmers to resist the Yuan Dynasty. It was discovered by the government and exiled to Yongnian (now northeast of Handan, Hebei). When Han grew up, he continued to organize the White Lotus Sect (a secret religious organization) and gathered many suffering farmers to burn incense and worship Buddha.

Han said to them, "Now the world is in chaos, and the Buddha will send Maitreya to save the people." . This legend soon spread to Henan and Jianghuai areas, and the people all looked forward to the day when Maitreya really came down to earth.

It happened that at this time, the Yellow River burst at the Baimao levee, which was attacked by heavy rain for more than 20 days, flooding, and people on both sides suffered serious floods. Someone suggested to the court to block the breach and dig the river in Huanglinggang (now southwest of Cao County, Shandong Province) to clear the river. In A.D. 135 1 year, the Yuan Dynasty recruited150,000 migrant workers and 20,000 soldiers from the 13th Route of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan) and Daming to negotiate in Huanglinggang.

The river restoration project has begun. Migrant workers were forced to work hard day and night under the scorching sun and heavy rain, but the funds allocated by the court for opening rivers were deducted by the officials in charge of rivers. The migrant workers in Jianhe don't even have enough to eat and complain bitterly.

Han decided to seize this opportunity and mobilize the masses. He first sent hundreds of missionaries to be migrant workers, carrying river water and spreading a folk song on the construction site:

"A one-eyed stone man stirred up the Yellow River against the world."

Migrant workers don't know what this ballad means, but as soon as they hear the words "the world is confronting", they feel that a good day is coming. When we arrived at Huanglinggang, several migrant workers dug and dug, and suddenly a stone man was dug up. Everyone leaned over curiously and saw that there was an eye on the stone man's face and froze. This new story soon spread among hundreds of migrant workers, and everyone thought that the ballad had really come true. Now that the stone man has come out, the day of rebellion will naturally come.

Needless to say, this stone man was secretly buried there by Han in advance.

People were stirred up. Han has a partner, named, who told Han that now the Yuan Dynasty oppressed the people so much that people still miss the Song Dynasty. If the banner of restoring the Song Dynasty is raised, more people will support it.

Han was very much in favor of this idea, so he announced to everyone that Han was not surnamed Han, but surnamed Zhao, the eighth generation grandson. Liu Futong is also a descendant of Liu Guangshi, a general in the Southern Song Dynasty. What they say is so compelling that people can't help believing it.

Han He chose a day, gathered a group of people, killed a white horse and a black cow, and sacrificed them to heaven and earth. They pushed the leader of Bill Han, known as the "Ming King", and agreed to rebel in Yingshang, Yingzhou (now Yingshang, Fuyang, Anhui), wrapping their heads in red scarves as a symbol of the rebel army. While swearing in blood, someone leaked the news. The government sent soldiers to arrest Han, took him to the county government and killed him. Han's wife escaped from the government with her son and hid in Wu 'an (now Wu 'an, Hebei).

Liu Futong escaped the siege, gathered farmers who agreed to the uprising, and occupied some strongholds, such as Yingzhou. It turned out that the migrant workers who spoke in Huanglinggang got the news, killed the river officer and defected to Liu Futong's team. Because the soldiers of the uprising were all wrapped in red scarves, the people at that time called them the Red Army, and in history they were called the Red Scarf Army. In less than ten days, the Red Scarf Army has grown to more than ten thousand people.

When the Yuan Dynasty heard Liu Futong's huge momentum, it panicked, and quickly mobilized 6,000 Soviets and several Han armies to suppress the Red Scarf Army. A Soviet army was originally an elite team of the Yuan Dynasty, but it was already corrupt at that time. Generals only drink and have fun, and soldiers rob everywhere.

As soon as he met the Red Scarf Army, before the battle began, the Lord took the lead and waved his whip, riding back and shouting, "Abu, Abu!" " "(Roman Abramovich means to go. ) The soldiers below saw the main chicken out.

A month later, the Red Scarf Army in Liu Futong successively captured several cities. Farmers in Jianghuai area have long been influenced by Bailian religion. When they heard about the Liu Futong Uprising, they all responded. For example, Xu Shouhui in Xishui (now Xishui in Hubei) and Guo Zixing in Haozhou (now Fengyang in Anhui) all raised the banner of the Red Scarf Army. There are also those who don't play the banner of the Red Scarf Army, such as Zhang Shicheng in northern Jiangsu.

In A.D. 1354, Yuan Shundi sent prime ministers to assemble the armies of the kings and provinces, and used the armies of the Western Regions and Xifan, claiming to be millions, to besiege the Zhang Shicheng rebels who occupied Gaoyou. Gaoyou city is surrounded. During the crisis of the rebel army, civil strife broke out suddenly in the Yuan Dynasty. Yuan Shundi ordered the cancellation of Tuotuo's official title. The million yuan army lost its commander-in-chief, and the whole army collapsed without fighting.

After the Yuan army broke up, the northern insurgents in Liu Futong took the opportunity to attack and defeated the Yuan army. In February of the following year, Liu Futong took back the son of Han from Bozhou (now Bo County, Anhui Province) and officially proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Song. Han Liner is called Wang Xiaoming.

After Han Liner and Liu Futong established political power in Bozhou, the soldiers divided into three roads and set out for the Northern Expedition. Led by Wu Li and Cui De, the marked army attacked Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Sichuan. The East Route Army, led by Mao Gui, ran from Shandong and Hebei to the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. The Middle Route Army led by Mr. Guan and Pan Tou went from Shanxi to Liaodong to cooperate with the Eastern Route Army in attacking Dadu.

The Northern Expeditionary Army on the Third Road made great progress. Mao Gui's East Route Army has been hitting the gates of the Yuan Dynasty. Liu Futong personally captured the capital of song dynasty with a great army, and received Wang Xiaoming and Han Liner from the capital of song dynasty, making it the capital city.

The Red Scarf Army was huge, and the Yuan Dynasty was in a panic. Landlord armed forces were assembled to step up repression, and the Northern Expeditionary Army of the Third Road was losing ground, and the capital of song fell into the hands of the Yuan Army again. The Yuan Dynasty surrendered Zhang Shicheng with high officials and generous salaries. After Liu Futong protected Wang Xiaoming from escaping to Anfeng (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), he was attacked by Zhang Shicheng. In A.D. 1363, Liu Futong was killed in battle. After twelve years of fighting, the northern rebels finally failed.