The geographical environment of Nanjing

Location Nanjing is located in the middle of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, southwest of Jiangsu Province. It is a national regional central city (East China), an important national gateway city driven by the radiation of the Yangtze River Delta, and a node city where the "Belt and Road" strategy is strategically connected with the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Geographical coordinates are 3 1 14 "north latitude to 32 37"18 22 "east longitude to114". The geographical coordinates of Xinjiekou in the city center are 32 02' 38 north latitude and118 46' 43 east longitude. The total area is 6597 square kilometers? (excluding waters), as of 20 12, the built-up area is 752.83km? . Landform Nanjing's mountains, rivers, lakes and springs complement each other. The Yangtze River passes through the city with a coastline of nearly 200 kilometers. Purple Mountain has excellent scenery, Mufu Mountain is magnificent, surrounded by Qinhuai River and Jinchuan River. Xuanwu Lake, Mochou Lake and Baijia Lake are dotted among them. The larger lakes are Shijiu Lake, Gucheng Lake and Jinniu Lake. The water area accounts for more than 1 1% of the total area, the forest coverage rate is 26.4%, and the per capita green coverage rate of the built-up area is 45%.

Nanjing's plane position is long from north to south and narrow from east to west, showing a positive north-south direction; The straight-line distance between north and south is150km, the east-west width in the middle is 50-70km, and the east-west width at the north and south ends is about 30km. The southern part is a landform complex composed of low mountains, hills, valley plains, lakeside plains and rivers along the river. Nanjing has a subtropical monsoon climate with abundant rainfall. The annual precipitation is 65,438+200mm, with four distinct seasons. The annual average temperature is 15.4℃, the annual extreme temperature is 39.7℃ at the highest and-13. 1℃ at the lowest, and the annual average precipitation is 165438+. The sun is shining in spring; In the rainy season, it is rainy and continuous; It is hot in summer and dry and cool in autumn; Winter is cold and dry.

Nanjing is short in spring and autumn, long in winter and summer, with obvious temperature difference between winter and summer, and the four seasons have their own characteristics, which is suitable for tourism. Therefore, there are sayings such as "Journey to Niutou in spring", "Going to Zhongfu Qingyun in summer", "Going to Qixia in autumn" and "Going to Shicheng Jixue in winter". Due to the change of atmospheric circulation and the continuous afforestation in Nanjing, the summer heat in Nanjing is greatly reduced compared with other cities in southern China, so there is a saying that Nanjing has taken off its "stove" hat. Located in the north subtropical zone, Nanjing is the region with the richest modern plant resources and the most diverse plant species in China. There are mountains, rivers and lakes, mild climate, rich and diverse wildlife resources, and its animal species are enough to represent the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are abundant wildlife resources, and the national protected animals that inhabit and breed are Chinese sturgeon, baiji dolphin, alligator, jianglu, finless porpoise, mandarin duck, long-eared osprey and short-eared osprey.

Nanjing is rich in mineral resources, and 54 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered in China. The reserves of iron, copper, aluminum, zinc, gold, silver, strontium and other minerals 15 rank first in Jiangsu, and 4 rank among the top six in China. Among them, the reserves of iron and sulfur account for about 40% of the province, and strontium ore is the first in Southeast Asia with high grade and large reserves. There are abundant underground water sources and excellent water quality. Hot springs are the main geothermal resources in Nanjing, including Tangshan hot springs, Tangquan hot springs and Pearl hot springs.