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Chu River Nostalgia is a group of three poems written by Ma Dai in the early years of Tang Dynasty (847-859, the first year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty). These three poems describe the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake and express the poet's anguish and sadness when he was relegated to a distant place. The whole poem is lyrical by borrowing scenery, concise and profound, sincere and insipid, and it is a model of lyric poetry by borrowing things.

Three Poems of Chu River Nostalgia

one

The cold light shines on the dew, and the sun sets over the mountains in the south.

The trees and monkeys on the bank of Dongting Lake echo each other, and some people take an orchid wooden boat (2) there.

The swamp swells with the moon, while the torrent bends with the will of the mountains.

The disappearing queen of clouds left me, leaving me sad for autumn all night.

Secondly,

Scared birds go to infinity, and the sound of cold flies is beside me.

Luzhou is foggy early, blue and wet with slight frost.

The column is divided into poor fields at night, and the air flow is large.

Look at the mountains and wait for the bright moon and talk about the whole cloud.

third

The wind blows the ribbon and the shower drops blue rays.

Qu Song's soul is hazy, and Jiangshan thinks he is lonely.

Yin Ni invaded the late scene, and the sea tree entered the resurgence.

If you want to discount the recommendation, you can ask the wise god.

Literary appreciation

Among the three poems, one not only expresses the love and nostalgia for Qu Yuan's loyalty to the monarch and patriotism, but also expresses his sadness and bitterness with lofty aspirations.

Yu Biyun said in "On the Poetic Realm": "The five laws of Tang Dynasty are elegant and rich, and this poem is presented in a subtle and graceful way, such as a fairy canoeing on a lotus leaf and Ling Bo descending." The artistic style of the first poem in his Three Poems of Chu River Nostalgia is really unique.

In the evening when the autumn wind is fading away, the river is foggy late, and the sun sets in Chushan. Dewdrops are confused and the chill invades people. This bleak and bleak autumn scene profoundly reveals the poet's sad and lonely feelings. At that time, I heard the cries of apes in the trees near Dongting Lake and watched Mulan boat drifting on the river. "Autumn winds curl, Dongting Lake waves under the leaves" ("Nine Songs of Chu" and "Mrs. Xiang"), "The boat can't advance, but it is stagnant because of drowning in backwater" ("Shejiang"), the poet swims in Xiangjiang River, cherishing the scenery, and Qu Yuan's singing seems to strike a chord with him. "On the shore of Dongting Lake, the trees echo the monkeys, and the blue wooden boat is moved" is a famous sentence in the late Tang Dynasty, one is about hearing, the other is about vision; Write something, write yourself; There is movement in the last sentence, but silence in the next. The poet's feelings of hurting autumn and longing for the distant future were not directly explained, but he touched a pale painting, clear and graceful, which made people think deeply and get it. Dusk has passed, and as night falls, a bright moon rises from the vast Dongting Lake, and turbulent water gurgles down between the mountains. The phrase "the rising water broadens the moon, and the torrent courageously advances" depicts a relatively broad scene, but its emotion and brushwork are still subtle and elegant. Zhang Jiuling's Moon, now the sea is full, and the whole sky is lit up (Looking at the Moon and Thinking about a Far Away), Li Bai's Dream Around the City and Flying to the Old Country Building (Taiyuan's Early Autumn) and Du Fu's The Stars Leaning from the Empty Land and the Moon Flowing Up the River (One Night in a Foreign Country) are all so-called "Gao Huaqiang". However, the style of Ma Dai's couplets is obviously different. This couplet is developed from inheritance, and it is a landscape separated by mountains and rivers. However, "all scenery words are sentimental words" (Comrade Tian's "On xipu's Ci") and "The moor swells with the moon" are empty and quiet, reflecting the poet's loneliness in the distance; The confusion and confusion of "rushing forward" profoundly reflects the poet's inner confusion and hesitation. It's late at night, and the poet has not returned, pitching between heaven and earth and floating above Xiang Bo. He couldn't help thinking of the ancient Chu legend and the "king in the clouds" in Qu Yuan's Nine Songs. "The soul of flexion is hazy, and the thoughts of the mountains and rivers are lonely" (the third of Three Poems of Chu River Nostalgia), the cloud god can be seen for no reason, and the son of flexion is hard to find, so the poet is naturally filled with emotion. In the title, "The vanished clouds left me, mourning for autumn all night" pointed out "homesickness", and the beginning of "Jingxi" and "mourning for autumn" echoed the time and seasonal climate, making the whole poem present a harmonious and complete beauty in the complexity of change, which is memorable.

From this poem, we can see that the elegant and graceful style is determined by delicate feelings in content, but in artistic expression, it is elegant but not substantial, deep but not extensive, with shallow words but not heavy makeup, implicit and implicit but not straightforward. This poem by Ma Dai can be said to be a jasmine flower with unique fragrance in the poetry circle of the late Tang Dynasty.