Celebrity examples and essays about accumulation

Su Qin, courtesy name Jizi, was a strategist who was as famous as Zhang Yi during the Warring States Period. It can be said that "when you are angry, the world is afraid; when you live in peace, the world is extinguished." He was born in a farm family and had great ambitions. He studied the art of vertical and horizontal manipulation with Gui Guzi for many years.

He conspired with Zhao Qinyangjun to mobilize the countries of Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, and Qi to unite, forcing Qin to depose the emperor and retreat. On the eve of Le Yi's defeat of Qi, he was torn apart by a chariot and died. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" records thirty-one chapters of "Su Zi", which are published today. In the fragmentary volume of the silk book "Warring States Policy", there are sixteen pieces of his lobbying speeches and letters, which are inconsistent with those recorded in "Historical Records".

Su Qin Yihezong

Su Qin wanted to make a difference. He once asked to see the Emperor of Zhou, but was unable to introduce him. In anger, he sold his property and went to other countries to find a way out. . But he ran around for several years and never became an official. Later, I ran out of money and my clothes were worn out, so I had to go home. The family members saw him dragging his straw sandals and carrying a broken load, looking very embarrassed. His parents scolded him severely; his wife sat on the loom weaving silk without even looking at him; he begged his sister-in-law to cook for him, but her sister-in-law turned away and ignored him. Su Qin was greatly stimulated and determined to fight for his breath. From then on, he studied hard and studied the art of war every day until late at night. Sometimes he would read until midnight and feel tired and sleepy, so he would prick his thigh with an awl. Although it hurt, he would feel energetic and continue reading. Legend has it that when he was studying at night, he tied his hair with a ribbon and tied it to the beam. As soon as he dozed off, his head fell down and his scalp hurt, and he woke up. This is what people later called "the head cantilevered and the buttocks are conical", which was used to express the spirit of studying hard. After more than a year of hard work, his knowledge was much richer than before. After you have gained something, go out again. Until Qin, it was not used. It happened that King Zhao of Yan was recruiting wise men. Su Qin entered Yan and was deeply trusted by King Zhao of Yan. Su Qin believed that if Yan wanted to avenge Qi, it must first express submission and obedience to Qi, conceal its desire for revenge, and gain the time needed to revitalize Yan. Secondly, he wanted to encourage Qi to continuously attack other countries to prevent Qi from attacking Yan and consuming its national power. To this end, he persuaded the King of Qi to attack Song and join forces to attack Qin. In 285 BC, Su Qin went to the State of Qi to instigate relations between Qi and Zhao, gained the trust of King Min of Qi, and was appointed Prime Minister of Qi, but secretly he was still planning for the State of Yan. King Min of Qi did not know the truth, but still appointed Su Qin to lead troops to resist the Yan army. When the Qi and Yan armies fought, Su Qin deliberately caused the Qi army to fail and 50,000 people died. He caused disharmony among the ministers of Qi State and alienated the people, which laid the foundation for Leyi's five-nation coalition to attack Qi State. After that, Su Qin persuaded Zhao to unite Han, Wei, Qi, Chu, and Yan to attack Qin. The king of Zhao was very happy and rewarded Su Qin with many treasures. Su Qin got help from Zhao, and went to Han to lobby King Xuan of Han; to Wei to lobby King Wei Xiang; to Qi to lobby King Xuan of Qi; and to Chu to lobby King Wei of Chu. The princes all praised Zhou, Su and Qin's plan, so the six countries reached a joint alliance. Su Qin became the leader of the alliance and served as the prime minister of the six countries. After returning to the Kingdom of Zhao, King Zhao named him Lord Wu'an. Qin was shocked when he knew the news. For the next fifteen years, the Qin soldiers did not dare to attack Hangu Pass.

Su Qin served as an official in Yan, and his main activity was to alienate the relationship between Qi and Zhao in order to reduce Qi's pressure on Yan. He also joined forces with Zhao and Li Dui to unite the five kingdoms to attack Qin. Later, he left Yan and came to Qi, where he was reused by King Min. However, Su Qin was still loyal to Yan and secretly served Yan. The strategy he adopted was to persuade Qi to attack Song in order to divert Qi's attention from Yan. So King Zhao of Yan sent Le Yi to suddenly send troops to attack Qi. Qi was caught off guard and was defeated by Yan. The activities of Su Qinyin and Yan conspiring with Qi were exposed at this point, and Qi was sentenced to death by being beaten to death. This was a sensational event in the late Warring States period, and was reflected in many writings of people at the time, such as the bamboo slips of "The Art of War by Sun Tzu" unearthed from Yinqueshan, Shandong. "Yongjian", which contains the words "When Yan was prosperous, Su Qin was in Qi". Another example is "Lu's Spring and Autumn Period·Zhidu", which said "Qi used Su Qin and the world knew its demise". These records show that during the Warring States Period, everyone knew that Su Qin served Qi for the sake of Yan, and in the end, Qi fell and Yan prospered, but he himself also made sacrifices for Yan. Su Qin was quite famous in the late Warring States Period. "Xunzi·Chen Dao" compared "Su Qin of Qi" with "Marquis of Chu" and "Zhang Yi of Qin". During the Western Han Dynasty, Su Qin was still praised by others. For example, "Historical Records·Zou Yang Biography" praised him for being a loyal minister of Yan. "Huainanzi" also mentions him in many places, and affirms that he has the advantage of knowing the tactics. Sima Qian thought that Su Qin showed his extraordinary intelligence in the process of "connecting the six countries to each other".

Speaking of the return of Qi to Yan

In his later years, King Yan gave up the throne to the minister Zizhi, which caused a rebellion by the prince Ping and the general city. The State of Qi took the opportunity to send troops to attack Yan, and occupied the entire territory of the State of Yan in just over fifty days. As a result, the state of Yan was ruined. King Wuling of Zhao escorted Prince Yan back to the country and established him as King Zhao of Yan.

King Yan Zhao recruited wise men and actively prepared to carry out large-scale military retaliation against Qi. Su Qin came to Yan State at this time. King Zhao sent him to Qi to negotiate for the lands of Yan that were still occupied by Qi. When Su Qin arrived in Qi, he said to King Xuan of Qi: "King Zhao of Yan is the son-in-law of Duke Mu of Qin, and he has the backing of Qin. Qi's occupation of the land of Yan must mean that both Yan and Qin are dissatisfied with Qi. If the king can return the ten cities of Yan that he occupied, Then Yan and Qin will be grateful for the kindness of the king. The king can use Qin Yan as his support and the world will not dare to disobey, and then Qi will succeed." King Xuan was overjoyed and returned the old land of Yan. Su Qin returned to Yan. He was reused by King Yan Zhao.

Persuading the King of Qi to attack the Song Dynasty

Su Qin understood King Zhao’s intention to attack Qi, and offered his advice to King Zhao: “Although we took back the land occupied by Qi, we were still filled with hatred for the country’s subjugation. We must not retaliate. If Qi is exhausted by Song in the west and exhausted by Chu in the south, we can take the opportunity to launch an attack and destroy Qi in one fell swoop." King Yan Zhao then worshiped Su Qin as his minister and went out. Envoy Qi.

The State of Qin has always been on good terms with the State of Song, so Qi must break off all relations with Qin if it attacks Song. It happened that Qin sent people to the State of Qi to discuss the matter of the two countries becoming emperors. Su Qin took the opportunity to persuade the King of Qi: "Qi Qin "If Qi becomes emperor, will the world respect Qi or Qin?" King Qi said, "Of course he will respect Qin!" "Then if Qi gives up the title of emperor, will the world love Qi or Qin?" "Of course he will love Qi." "Which one is more advantageous if the two emperors stand side by side to attack Zhao or attack Song alone with the Qi army?" King Qi replied: "Of course it is beneficial to attack Song!" Su Qin then advised King Qi: "If we join forces with Qin, it will be more advantageous." If we give up the title of emperor, the world will love Qi and call Qin strong. It is not as good as conquering Zhao alone. Therefore, I advocate giving up the title of emperor to comply with the world." /p>

The King of Qi followed Su Qin's suggestion and united with Zhao to form an alliance in Adi, agreeing to fight against Qin together. The relationship between Qin and Qi deteriorated. Su Qin took the opportunity to persuade the King of Qi to attack the Song Dynasty: "The king of the Song Dynasty was extravagant and licentious, and the world was angry. If we send our troops to the west to attack the Song Dynasty, it will be a feat of punishment from heaven. The king will definitely be famous among the princes, and we will get practical benefits." , making Qi dominate the east and become the leader of the princes in the Central Plains." Qi then attacked Song. In order to gain Qi's trust, Yan sent troops to assist Qi. Under the attack of the coalition forces, Song ceded Huaibei to seek peace, and Qi's strength was also weakened by the war.

Jointly attack and strengthen Qin

Su Qin continued to weaken Qi in Qi. He advised the king of Qi to build large-scale construction projects and indulge in pleasure, while waging war and making enemies abroad. The relationship between Qi and Qin deteriorated, and Qi attacked Song. The King of Qin was very angry. Su Qin advised the King of Qi to take military action first to combat and contain the development of Qin's power. At the same time, he also wanted to further consume Qi's power.

The King of Qi had concerns about Yan. Su Qin defended Yan and said: "Yan is a small and weak country and has always relied on the strong Qi. The reason why Qi can command the world is precisely because of the support of Yan. This kind of friendly relationship is what the people of Yan want. How could this happen? Qi Qi was relieved. So Su Qin sent an envoy to help the king of Qi attack Qin.

Su Qin lobbied the monarchs of the four kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Wei and Yan respectively to send troops and supplies to attack Qin, and elected Zhao Prime Minister Fengyang Jun as the commander of the joint vertical. However, Qi was actually the real organization of the joint vertical. leader and commander. Qi nominally joined forces to attack Qin, but in fact it was just to use Qi to control Qin so that it could not escape to save Song, so Qi could attack Song again. Su Qin strongly advocated a strong attack on Qin, but Qi did not work hard, and Zhao, Han, Wei and Yan naturally gave in to each other and refused to advance. Therefore, the coalition forces never had a large-scale war with Qin. Despite this, Qi Lao's army attacked far away and still greatly damaged the country's strength.

Join Zong to counterattack Qi

While the King of Qi launched an attack on Qin, he launched a second attack on Song. This actually put the other four-nation coalition forces into a dilemma. They could neither join forces to attack Qin nor withdraw their troops immediately and return home. So all countries are secretly dissatisfied. It turned out that Su Qin was going south at this time, openly attacking Qin together, but secretly trying to contact Yan's anti-Qi allies. Su Qin saw that all the countries were disloyal, so he secretly advised Mengchang, who was in Wei: "In the past, when you were in Qi, you made great contributions to Qi. However, the king of Qi was so ignorant that not only did he not reuse him, but he also made you leave your hometown and come back to Wei. Now you have abandoned your faith. The Yan army has the intention to attack Qi, and the Zhao state has long hated Qi. If they unite to attack Qi state, the Central Plains will be powerful, and Mr. Wei He will definitely make a name for himself in the world. "Mr. Mengchang agreed to Su Qin. suggestions.

Su Qin also persuaded the King of Qi to seek peace with Qin: "Wei and Zhao are close to Qin, but Qi is far away from Qin. If our five kingdoms cannot defeat Qin together, Wei and Zhao will definitely seek peace from Qin in order to preserve the country. Once Qin unites with other countries, he will definitely attack Qi. I hope the king will make preparations and negotiate peace with Qin first to avoid being passive." The king of Qi thought that what Su Qin said was reasonable, so he made peace with Qin first. expressed his intention to use Han Nie, who was pro-Qin, as prime minister.

Feng Yangjun of Zhao State was busy attacking Qin State. He was very angry when he saw that the King of Qi had made friends with Qin without consulting, so he united with Wei Yan to start a war against Qi State, which was busy attacking Song Dynasty. The King of Qi hurriedly withdrew his troops from the Song Dynasty and promised to give land to Lord Fengyang, so Lord Fengyang stopped attacking Qi.

Su Qin was detained in Zhao

Feng Yangjun received the promise of land from King Qi, and the relationship with Qi became better again, but Su Qin secretly alienated the relationship between Yan and Zhao The activities were also noticed by Fengyang Jun. So Fengyang Jun detained Su Qin in Zhao State and restricted his movements.

Su Qin asked King Yan for help and planned to continue his estrangement activities. King Yan lodged a serious protest with Lord Fengyang of Zhao, and Lord Fengyang released Su Qin. However, Su Qin could no longer find an opportunity to move in Zhao. He wanted to see the envoys sent by Qi to Zhao, but Zhao refused. Su Qin had no choice but to leave Zhao and enter Qi.

Since Chen Gongyu Guo

After Su Qin entered Qi, King Yan Zhao became suspicious of him because he tried to dissuade King Yan Zhao from attacking Qi Qi several times, saying that the time had not come yet. So King Zhao planned to let someone else replace Su Qin and return to the country. Su Qin felt very aggrieved and wrote a letter to King Yan to defend himself. This letter can be said to be his comment on the merits and demerits of his life. He said: Yan and Qi have a long history of hatred.

I worked hard for Yanqi's diplomatic relations, but it was difficult to gain the trust of all parties. Qi is a serious concern of the Yan State. When I am in the Qi State, I can prevent Qi from attacking Yan, but I can break the relationship between Qi and Zhao, so as to prepare for the king's important events. When the Five Kingdoms attacked Qin, although Yan sent troops and supplies, firstly, it saved Qi from the shame of proclaiming himself emperor and Yan became a minister, and secondly, there was no danger of Qi and Zhao attacking Yan. Later, Lord Fengyang accepted the fiefdom of Qi and detained me in the State of Zhao. The king rescued his subordinates out of misfortune. Now Qi and Zhao are not planning to attack Yan. Yan has been able to build up its national strength. Although I have done nothing, I think I can be exempted. As a minister of Yan, when I am active in Qi, there will be rumors. If I am a noble person in Qi, the officials of Yan State will not trust me; if I am a lowly person in Qi, the world will look down on me. If I am put in important use by the King of Qi, Dr. Yan will have hopes for me. If his hopes are not met, it will only lead to more complaints. If there is anything disadvantageous to Yan in the state of Qi, all the blame will be placed on me. If the people of the world do not attack Qi, they will say that I am good at planning for Qi. My situation can also be said to be dangerous enough. I am not afraid of death to serve the king, but the king suspects and blames his subordinates. I am really afraid. Even though I think I can be ranked among the princes in the world, I have no guilt. If your Majesty only re-employs talented and wise people, I am willing to cooperate with him seriously in Qi. If your Majesty does not trust me, I will return to Yan to serve you in order to forgive your Majesty. worries. King Yan Zhao finally did not replace Su Qin.

What happened after Dangdang's death

In order to worsen the relations between Qi and Zhao and make Qi Guang an enemy, Su Qin then persuaded the King of Qi to attack Song. In 286 BC, Qi defeated Song. Qi's national power also gradually declined. At the same time, because Lord Fengyang asked Qi for a fiefdom, there was another rift in the relationship between Qi and Zhao. Su Qin's frequent activities were finally discovered by King Qi and Doctor Qi. The king of Qi broke Su Qin's chariot in the market. Su Qin was more than fifty years old when he died. After Su Qin's death, the five kingdoms of Yan, Zhao, Wei, Qin and Han united and led a large-scale attack on Qi under the leadership of Yan general Le Yi, and captured more than 70 cities. The king of Qi fled and was killed. Although Qi later regained its territory, its national power declined greatly and it never recovered. The reason why the four kingdoms of Yan, Zhao, Wei and Qin launched this war was largely due to Su Qin's activities during his lifetime.

The strategist category of "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains thirty-one chapters of "Su Zi", which should be a collection of Su Qin's works or his deeds recorded by later generations, which seems to also include the Su Dynasty, Su Some of Li’s persuasive words. "Su Zi" is the longest one in the Zonghengjia category. It can be seen that from the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty, the works or related materials belonging to the Su brothers in Zonghengjia were very important and widely circulated. After the Han Dynasty, the book was no longer popular. The silk book "Books from the Zongheng Family" unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha contains eleven pieces written by Su Qin to King Yan or King Zhao, which are not found in ancient books such as "Warring States Policy" and "Historical Records". There are also two pieces whose parts are found in "Warring States Period". Policy", these thirteen articles are important new materials for understanding Su Qin's deeds.

Su Qin’s Tomb

is located in Nansu Village, Economic Development Zone, Zichuan District. The tomb is about 5 meters high, 20 meters in diameter, and 40 meters long. It covers an area of ??about 1,000 square meters and is a provincial key cultural relic protection unit.

There was originally a bridge in the south of the tomb, named Suxiang Bridge, which was one of the twenty-four scenic spots in Banyang in ancient times.

According to the "Historical Records" in the Ming County Chronicle: "Su Qin advocated Qi for Yan, and the King of Qi used it. Because he competed with Qi officials for favor, he was assassinated and buried here."

Su Qin was born in Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty during the Warring States Period. He was a famous political strategist. During the Warring States Period, feudal princes were in dispute and heroes were vying for hegemony. Su Qin Lianheng said that King Qin Hui "said it in ten books but said it couldn't be done." With his strong perseverance, he finally impressed Marquis Yan Wen in Yan State and became famous in one fell swoop. This led to the alliance of the kings of the six kingdoms in Huanshui, and Su Qin became a man of great influence with the seal of the six kingdoms, and achieved glory and wealth. Su Qin's behavior angered the officials of Qi State, and he was assassinated by assassins paid by Qi State, so he was buried here.

thorns hanging beam

Idiom: spines hanging beams

Pronunciation: cìgǔxuánliáng

Definition: describes studying hard.

Source: "Warring States Policy·Qin Ceyi": "(Su Qin) felt sleepy while studying, so he used the awl to prick his buttocks." Volume 363 of "Taiping Yulan" quoted "Hanshu" : "Sun Jing was a man of literary treasures. He was fond of learning and would not rest until morning and evening. When he was tired and sleepy, he would tie his head with a rope and hang it from the roof beam.

”