Influence of Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project on Tourism in this Area

Analysis on the Influence of Three Gorges Project on Tourism

● Hu

Hu: Senior Engineer, Planning Department, Yangtze River Water Resources Commission

This paper was originally published in Water Conservancy Planning Research 1989No. 1. 1. Tourism is a complex of the Three Gorges Project.

One of the utilization advantages

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River is one of the top ten scenic spots in China and enjoys a high reputation in the world. The three Gorges tourist route is

At present, a tourist hotline that can attract domestic and foreign tourists has great tourism economic benefits.

The Three Gorges Water Control Project is a grand project of multi-objective development of water resources, which not only has huge

Flood control, power generation and shipping benefits, but also have a variety of effects on tourism, on the one hand, because of water

On the one hand, the high water level of the reservoir will flood some tourism resources, on the other hand, it will form some new landscapes and add one

Some new tourist attractions; On the one hand, it will flood and relocate some existing tourist facilities, on the other hand, it will be a trip.

The development of tourism has created new favorable conditions, especially the world-class and super-large Three Gorges Project itself.

It has great tourism value and will enhance the popularity of the Three Gorges tourist routes. Will promote the improvement of tourism benefits.

Therefore, tourism should be included in one of the development tasks of the Three Gorges Project, and its influence and benefit should be discussed.

Second, the basic content of the Three Gorges Project tourism demonstration

Tourism is an independent department in the national economy, and it has its own professional development plan.

Planning generally includes the development and layout of tourism resources, the calculation of tourist sources and the construction of tourism service facilities.

Design, establishment of tourism institutions, analysis of tourism benefits, etc. At different planning stages,

There are different depth requirements. Tourism should be considered in the construction of large-scale water conservancy projects, but

There are no written norms to follow about what tourism work should include and how to carry out research work.

There is no systematic experience for reference. Through preliminary work practice, we believe that this brigade is engaged in water conservancy projects.

Tourism has the duality of water conservancy and tourism. On the one hand, it is an integral part of water conservancy planning.

On the other hand, it is an integral part of tourism planning, and its research content should include tourism specialty.

The basic project of the plan follows its basic principles, but it cannot be as in-depth as required by the tourism professional planning.

Degree, but it has obvious characteristics of water conservancy planning. This basic feature should focus on the construction of water conservancy projects.

Show the influence of tourism as the central theme.

There are three basic elements in developing tourism: first, there must be rich and colorful tourism resources,

In order to attract tourists; Second, it is necessary to have convenient transportation, which is conducive to the gathering and distribution of tourists; sequence

Third, there must be certain living service facilities so that tourists can have a comfortable rest. Of these three basic conditions,

It is also based on tourism resources. The number of tourism resources and the level of ornamental value are the first to attract tourists.

Conditions, it can be said that tourism resources are the lifeline of tourism. Of course, there are only rich and colorful tourism resources.

Without convenient transportation and proper service facilities, such as hotels, restaurants and shops, tourism will not develop.

Moreover, there is no way to talk about tourism revenue. This aspect of the problem cannot be ignored.

The construction of the Three Gorges Project has a certain impact on the three basic elements of tourism development, but due to the three

The Three Gorges Project is still in the feasibility demonstration stage, and it has been completed for some years.

The specific development planning of tourism resources, the layout and scale of service facilities, etc. Very good at tourism.

Problems, for the appropriate stage in the future, led by the tourism professional departments to organize relevant units, * * *.

In the feasibility stage, the research work that the water conservancy department can do should focus on analysis and demonstration and build the Three Gorges Project.

What influence does this process have on tourism resources and how to create conditions for the development of tourism according to the situation are preliminarily explored.

And the economic benefits of tourism, as for the compensation for the relocation of existing facilities in the tourism sector due to floods.

This belongs to the problem of reservoir resettlement compensation and should be studied separately.

In order to study the above three aspects, on the basis of previous reservoir investigation data, we added

On the basis of collecting the present situation of tourism resources and tourism management in the reservoir area, this paper studies the water storage characteristics of the Three Gorges Project.

The degree of influence on tourism resources after the completion of the project, so as to analyze the benefits of tourism.

Three. Brief introduction of tourism resources in three Gorges reservoir area

The Three Gorges Dam will be built in Sandouping, Xiling Gorge. Normal water level of the dam175m, backwater on the dam can be reduced.

Arriving in Chongqing, the dam is connected with the completed Gezhouba Reservoir, forming a long distance from Yichang to Chongqing.

The 660-kilometer reservoir area is rich in tourism resources, among which the popularity is very high.

Previously, there was considerable tourism value, and the scenic spots greatly affected by the Three Gorges Project were Fuling White Crane and Grain Depot.

Water Inscription, Fengdu Famous Mountain, Zhongxian Shi Baozhai, Yunyang Zhangfei Temple and Three Gorges Gorge.

Inscription of White Crane Beam in Low Water: White Crane Beam is located on the Yangtze River about one kilometer upstream of the confluence of the Yangtze River and Wujiang River.

A natural Liang Shi in the middle of the river, which only appears in the winter and spring of dry years, is engraved with poems.

There are 163, 14 stone fish and a line carved Guanyin, which completely records the 72 years of 1200.

The low water situation is not only precious hydrological historical data, but also a scenic spot that local people enthusiastically watch.

Occasionally, there is a saying that "the stone fish comes out of the water in a good year". Whenever the stone fish comes out of the water, the audience is like a tide.

Fengdu Famous Mountain: Fengdu is known as the "ghost town" in the history of our country. It is said that the soul will come after death.

The registration of Fengdu is not only widely circulated among the people, but also widely circulated in Southeast Asia, with far-reaching influence. In the east of town.

On the famous mountains, there are temples and temples built one after another since the Tang Dynasty, and plastic carved ghost statues constitute "ghosts"

The "underworld" of the country's secluded capital reflects the superstitious color of life and death. Now get rid of superstition

Meal has become a unique scenic spot.

Shi Baozhai, Zhongxian County: Shi Baozhai is a wooden tower built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, located on the bank of the Yangtze River.

Relying on the lonely lingering mountain, we will build buildings along the mountain and reach the top of the mountain. The building is divided into twelve floors with a high entrance.

56m, colorful eaves, extraordinary momentum. Because of its unique structure and ingenious architecture, it has become a rich tourist route in Sichuan.

Ancient buildings with ethnic characteristics are highly praised by tourists.

Zhang Fei Temple in Yunyang: Zhang Fei Temple across the river from Yunyang County, commemorating the name of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period.

Zhang Fei's building was built at the end of the Shu-Han Dynasty and has been renovated many times since then. There are main hall, Jieyi building and auxiliary building.

Fengge, Xuan and Dujuan Pavilion have formed a number of magnificent and unique ancient buildings and temples.

Yunei also has a large collection of cultural relics, which is one of the famous historical sites on the Chuanjiang tourist route.

Magnificent Three Gorges: The Three Gorges starts from Baidicheng in Fengjie, Sichuan, and ends in Nanjinguan in Yichang, Hubei.

The total length is 192km, and the whole gorge is divided into five sections, narrow and wide, namely Qutang Gorge, Daning Kuangu and Wuxia Gorge.

The wide valley and Xiling Gorge in western Hunan, each section has different characteristics of scenery and places of interest. Qutang Gorge, also known as Kuixia, since

From Baidicheng to Daxi, the total length is 8 kilometers, and the mountains on both sides enter the clouds, and the cliffs on the left and right are like knives and axes.

The rapids in the canyon are swift, so it is famous for its grandeur and precipitousness. Baidicheng, on the left bank of the canyon, is towering above the river with green mountains.

There are temples, shrines, buildings, pavilions and other ancient buildings on the mountain. According to legend, Emperor Liu Bei of Shu Han entrusted orphans here.

Since then, many famous poets and poets have visited here, leaving many poems for people to visit the Three Gorges.

Major scenic spots. There are also white walls, Meng Liang ladder, upside-down monks, Fengxiang Gorge, ancient plank road, and cut in the gorge.

Doors, phoenix drinking fountains, rhinoceros looking at the moon and other landscapes. The wide valley in Daning is about 26 meters long from Daxi Town to Wushan County.

100 km wide river valley. There are two major cultural relics and landscapes in this section. The first is the excavation site of "Daxi Culture"

Daxi town, after textual research, is the activity of matriarchal clan commune in primitive society in the late Neolithic age.

The ruins of. 1. The ancient Wushan County meets the Daning River of the Yangtze River, and there are Longmen Gorge and Eighth Five-Year Gorge in the upper reaches of the river.

Cuidi Gorge, collectively known as the Small Three Gorges, has beautiful scenery, and it is praised as non-Three Gorges and better than the Three Gorges. witch

The canyon extends from Wushan County to Badongguan Ferry, with a total length of about 45 kilometers. The two sides of the canyon overlap.

On the screen, the Qifeng is abrupt, tall and beautiful, and the famous Wushan Twelve Peaks stand among them; Under the Jixian peak, it is tight.

On the cliff by the river, there is a concave stone wall with a line engraved on it. This is the legendary Kongming Monument. Xiangxi

The wide valley is about 47 kilometers long from Guandukou to Xiangxi estuary, with Badong and Zigui counties in between. Eager hope/persistence

Qiu Feng Pavilion, located in Badong County, is an ancient building built to commemorate Kou Zhun, a famous figure in the Song Dynasty, as the magistrate of Badong County. Zigui is me.

The hometown of Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet in China, and the Xiangxi River leads to the hometown of Wang Zhaojun, the concubine of Han Ming Emperor in Zigui City Street.

There are two stone tablets on the mouth, one is "the hometown of Dr. Qu" and the other is "the hometown of Han Qiang".

There is a newly-built qu yuan memorial hall in zigui county in Zigui County, east of the city. Xiling Gorge is about 66 kilometers long. Apart from the characteristics of the canyon, it is the beach.

It is famous for its numerous waters and rapids. Xintan Beach and Kong Ling Beach, which are called the Gate of Hell, are distributed among them, and the famous landscape in the canyon also includes the art of war.

Sword, ox liver, horse lung, Huangling Temple, Tang Priest's Stone Lantern Shadow Gorge, Sanyou Cave in the Gorge, etc.

The above are just the representatives of many scenic spots in the reservoir area. Some scenic spots and cultural relics are as follows

The potential development value will develop with the development of construction.

Four, the Three Gorges Reservoir water level change characteristics

At present, the recommended normal water level of the Three Gorges Project is 175m (Wusong elevation), which is the flood control limited water level.

Yes 145 meters, changing by 30 meters every year. The principle of reservoir operation is generally the flood season at the beginning of June each year.

Before the flood season, the reservoir water level dropped to 145 m, and 10 m in early October. After the flood season, the reservoir began to store water with a storage capacity of 10.

At the end of the month, the water level rose to 175 meters. In the following year 1 month, with the decrease of natural inflow, the reservoir water level gradually increased.

Gradually decline until the first half of June of the following year, falling to the flood control limit water level.

Before the construction of the Three Gorges Project, the natural water level on both sides of the Sichuan River fluctuated greatly, such as heavy

Celebrate about 38 meters, save 70 meters, generally about 45 meters. In order to analyze the influence of impoundment of the Three Gorges Project

As for the influence of tourism resources on both sides of the Sichuan River, we compared the backwater situation in the Three Gorges reservoir area in the five-year flood year.

The approximate value of natural flood level elevation along the reservoir area is: Sandouping is about104m, and Zigui is about 86m.

Badong is about 74 meters, Wushan is about 56 meters, Fengjie is 49 meters, Yunyang is about 44 meters, and Wanxian is about 40 meters.

The county seat is about 30 meters, Fengdu is about 25 meters, Fuling is about 14 meters, and the longevity is about 3 meters.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Analysis of the influence of Three Gorges Project on tourism resources

According to the water level change of the Three Gorges Project, it will have many dialectical influences on the reservoir area and tourism resources industry.

The ring.

1. Some landscapes will be submerged.

Due to the high water level of the Three Gorges Dam, some low-altitude cultural relics and landscapes along the reservoir area will be submerged.

No, such as Zhangfei Temple in Yunyang, Qiu Feng Pavilion in Badong, Quyuan Temple in Zigui and other buildings in Qutang Gorge.

The powder wall, ancient plank road, Kongming monument in Wuxia, the inscription of the gauntlet and sword in Xiling Gorge, and the cow's liver and horse's lungs.

And natural landscape. From the perspective of tourism, this is a loss and an aspect of bad influence.

Similar to the completely submerged human landscape and natural landscape, remedial measures will be taken as much as possible. For example, the temple of Zhang Fei,

With the relocation of the county seat, the Qiu Feng Pavilion and Quyuan Temple will be rebuilt in the newly selected appropriate places, and some measures will be taken.

Its development has made it a new tourist spot. The powder wall and the stone carving of the Kongming Monument can be extended to shoot.

When the cliff is chiseled again or tried to be cut down, it will be transported to an appropriate place to build a museum for exhibition. soldier

Natural karst landscapes, such as calligraphy swords, ox liver and horse lungs, can also be artificially built on appropriate rock walls.

Remodeling. There are also low-water inscriptions such as Fuling white crane and stone fish, which are difficult to surface in general years. The Three Gorges was built.

After crossing the reservoir, it will sink to the bottom forever. For this precious cultural relic, we are also studying the protection scheme, and some advocate it.

Cut the carved stone and transport it to a suitable place to build a museum for preservation; Some advocate staying put, which can be established in the future.

Underwater tour hall. All these protective and remedial measures are being comprehensively studied by relevant departments.

2. Some landscapes will undergo new changes.

Chuanjiang used to have many beaches and urgent waters, and dangerous beaches were like forests. Rowing is not only slow but also dangerous.

All the worries. When the Three Gorges Project is completed, it will become a banded reservoir. Together with the downstream Gezhouba Reservoir, * * * is about 660 meters long.

Km, with a total area of 1000 km2. In some areas, the water surface of the reservoir is about 4 kilometers wide. The original dangerous reefs and shoals, submerged bottom, rapids and bubbles have all disappeared. Some tourists like hunting.

Strange risks, for the disappearance of rapids, may feel at a loss. However, in exchange for Wan Qingbi.

The high gorge and flat lake in the waves are more interesting with lakes and mountains. Visitors can row boats, sing songs and have fun on the lake.

Because of the natural scenery of the Three Gorges, there is no need to worry about the safety of crossing the beach. In this sense, things have changed.

Culture will be beneficial to the development of tourism.

Baidicheng is a famous scenic spot on the Three Gorges tourist route. The top of Baidi City is about 230 meters above sea level.

Left and right, the valley connecting Houshan is about150m above sea level. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the concave part was flooded.

In the water. The section from Baidicheng to Fengjie will be widened to 400 ~ 800 meters, and the lower Kuimen Gate of Baidicheng will be widened to include

Limit, it will become an island in the lake, guarding Quexia. Blue lagoon surrounded by lush mountains.

The charm of Penglai Fairy Island.

Yuyin Mountain, which belongs to Shi Baozhai in Zhongxian County, is150 ~160m above sea level, with the highest peak about.

2 10/0m, the elevation of Zhaimen in Shi Baozhai is about175m, and the elevation of Zhaimen is about 230m. Water storage of Three Gorges Project, jade

Yinshan Mountain has also become an isolated peak in the lake, and Shi Baozhai Tower can be strengthened and protected by technical measures. Twelve-story tower

The building is close to the water, just like a palace floating on the water, and the scenery is more charming.

3. The main landscape features are basically unchanged.

The natural landscape of the Three Gorges is characterized by beautiful peaks, steep canyons and narrow waterline. Three Gorges project construction

After the trip, the water level rose by tens of meters, the river widened, and some of the originally high and narrow canyon landscapes were cut.

Weak, but limited influence. For example, the steep cliffs on both sides of the mouth of Qutang Gorge have an elevation of about 150 ~

Between 350 meters, when the reservoir is filled to 175 meters, the lower cliff is submerged and the high cliff is submerged.

The surface clear height is still170m. When the reservoir drops to a lower water level, the net height can reach 200.

As many as 100 meters, with Chijiashan and Baiyanshan peaks as high as 1000 meters behind, it is called "Kuimen Day".

Chivalrous spirit still exists. Another example is that the Twelve Peaks in Wushan are between 800 ~ 1200m above sea level, and the Three Gorges.

When the reservoir is filled to the elevation of 175m, it is 50 ~ 60m higher than the local natural flood level, but it only discharges water.

At the foot of the mountain, there is only a small change compared with the towering mountains. Like the famous goddess peak, the altitude is about 92 1.

Scissors peak is about 787 meters high, and tourists row at the foot of the peak, with a height difference of 600 to 700 meters from the peak.

You still have to look up, and the beauty has basically not changed. The Three Gorges Valley is wide and narrow, and the Three Gorges water

After the reservoir is impounded, Pinghu can be formed in the wide valley section, but the water surface is widened in the narrow valley section because of the steep cliffs.

Limited, the mountains on the shore are continuous, like a seal. From a distance, it is still "the mountain is blocked, the road is blocked, and the bay does not return."

Perception of "Heaven".

4. Some scenery is safe and sound.

There are 40 kilometers below the Three Gorges Dam, which is not affected by the backwater of the Three Gorges Reservoir. General electric has been built.

Although the dam project raised the water level and flooded the dangerous beaches in the waterway, it did not affect the main landscape of the section.

For example, in Deng Ying Canyon, the stone statues of Tang Priest and his disciples are still squatting on the mountain, and tourists look up by boat without any change. yellow

The mausoleum temple has added a beautiful water color. The famous Fengdu "ghost town" above the Three Gorges Dam is 200 meters high.

Cheng is on it, when it is safe.

This creates favorable conditions for developing new tourist attractions.

Some small rivers flow into the Three Gorges reservoir area, and most of them flow through mountains and mountains.

Canyon and deep valley, beach and water have unique natural landscape. In the past, due to the barrier of mountains and rivers, traffic was blocked and it was inconvenient to travel.

It is difficult for people to enter, and it has become a tourist virgin land that is "raised in the inner room and no one knows her". In recent years, although Daning River and Xiangxi River

It has been initially developed, but it is still restricted by traffic, and its tourism benefits are limited. After the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir,

The reservoir water can extend upward along the flow direction, which not only facilitates the passage of ships, but also adds mountains and water to the Qifeng spiritual practice.

This will certainly promote the development and construction of new tourist attractions. For example, Qingshixi can be traced back to more than ten kilometers away, and the mountains on both sides are magnificent.

The so-called twelve peaks in Wushan see Jiu Feng along the river, and the other three peaks are deep in Qingshi River until the Three Gorges Project is completed.

After completion, you can take a boat yacht and enter along the fork of the stream and reservoir. The winding path leads to a secluded place, and visitors can see the true face of the three peaks. Others, such as Meixi and Daixi, have potential development value. Gaolan scenic spot with a certain foundation,

Because the water level of Xiangxi River rises, it can be picked up by boat, which will improve its tourism value. The backwater of Daning River extends upward.

Delay will be beneficial to the development of other upstream canyons.

There are more than 10 county towns, hundreds of market towns and many villages in the Three Gorges reservoir area. The buildings in these towns are generally small.

Simplicity and lack of tourism service facilities also limit the development of tourism. With the construction of the Three Gorges Project,

The towns in the reservoir area will implement the construction of development immigrants, in which the development of tourism is the focus of developing the economy in the reservoir area.

Want content. Some original towns will be relocated, some will be rebuilt, and the appearance of the city will be greatly improved.

Tourism service facilities will also be developed, which provides a pleasant new environment and new things for the development of tourism.

Qualitative basis.

6. The Three Gorges Project is a striking tourism project.

The Three Gorges Project is huge, with towering dams, huge shiplocks and crystal palace-like power plants.

The towering transmission tower is a modern building complex, which will surely attract tourists from all over the world. dam

Sandouping is not only a new energy base, but also a new tourist city, Bashang.

The vast water surface is a place to carry out water recreation activities, and the undulating mountains along the coast can be used to build mountain villas.

Resorts, sanatoriums and hotels, thus forming a unique tourist area.

To sum up, after the construction of the Three Gorges Project, some of the original tourism resources in the reservoir area have been submerged and will be supplemented.

Rescue measures; Some landscaping is due to changes in water bodies; Some are above, but they are not affected;

Some places can be added as new tourist spots, the influence is dialectical in many aspects, and the general trend is to gobble up.

The main scenic features in this area will not cause great damage, and the decoration of mountains and rivers will be accelerated because of the construction of the Three Gorges Project.

Step, improve the visibility of the Three Gorges scenery, and promote the development of tourism.

The economic benefits of the Three Gorges tourist route.

The economic benefits of tourism come from tourism services, transportation, commerce, light industry and culture.

Art is the result of the same operation as other industries. The economic benefits of tourism include three levels. One is tourism.

Micro-economic benefits, that is, the economic benefits of directly operating tourism enterprises; Second, the meso-economic benefits of tourism,

That is, the economic benefits of the tourism sector; Third, the macro-economic benefits of tourism, that is, others driven by tourism.

Economic benefits of related industries. The Three Gorges tourist route is connected by many tourist attractions, including the following places.

It involves a wide range of industries, and it is not easy to analyze its tourism economic benefits in detail. In the Three Gorges

The per capita tourism cost method is adopted in engineering demonstration, and its trend is briefly analyzed.

At present, the Three Gorges tourist route has reached a certain level of operation, receiving about 50,000 overseas tourists every year.

There is a lack of statistics on the number of tourists at Gezhouba Shiplock. Every year, 2.5 million passengers pass through Gezhouba Lock, including some tourists.

When a large number of tourists come to visit the Three Gorges. The construction of the Three Gorges Project will promote the development of the Three Gorges tourism.

According to the development conditions and speed of transportation, hotels, guest houses, restaurants and other equipment,

Imagine that by the year 2000, 200,000 overseas tourists and 2 million domestic tourists will visit the Three Gorges.

It will double by 20 15, that is, 400,000 overseas tourists and 4 million domestic tourists. In recent years,

In recent years, the comprehensive expenses of foreigners (including long-distance transportation, accommodation, food, entertainment,

Shopping, etc. ) about 100 USD, and about 1000 USD. The tourism sector predicts that by the year 2000,

At that time, the per capita time reached 1000 USD. The average time for foreign tourists to come to China is 12 days. If they visit the Three Gorges,

It usually takes six days. According to this calculation, the comprehensive cost for each foreign guest to visit the Three Gorges is 500 dollars.

In 2000 and 20 15 years, the international tourism part of the Three Gorges tourist route can earn foreign exchange of 1 100 million dollars and 2.

/kloc-USD 0/100 million, which is only converted at the current foreign exchange rate, equivalent to RMB 3,765,438+0,000 yuan and RMB 742 million yuan. I

China people's domestic tourism consumption level is low. Considering the tourist attractions of the Three Gorges, the average per capita is only about 40 yuan.

Many, many tourists come from afar and last for a long time. Life will improve and costs will increase in the future. News.

Based on per capita 150 yuan, the domestic tourism revenue of the Three Gorges tourist line will reach1500,000 yuan in 2000 and 300 million yuan in 20 15 years.

Tourism belongs to the tertiary industry, with low investment and high profit. According to the general situation, it is engaged in tourism.

Of the total income, profits and taxes account for about 30%. According to this box, the net income of the Three Gorges Tourism Line includes

Including international tourism and domestic tourism, it will reach 654.38+56 billion yuan in 2000 and 2065.438+05.

3130,000 yuan.