Where is the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang?

The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is located at the northern foot of Lishan Mountain, 30 kilometers east of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province (the other two information are: The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is located in Xiahe Village, 5 kilometers east of Lintong. The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is located to the north of Xi'an City Lintong District, 35 kilometers to the east, is located in the Lintong District. It is surrounded by the lush mountains and forests of Lishan Mountain to the south and the shore of the Wei River that winds like a silver snake lying on its back to the north. The tall tomb is surrounded by towering peaks and is integrated with Lishan Mountain. It has beautiful scenery and unique environment. The mausoleum is large in scale and majestic. The total area of ??the cemetery is 56.25 square kilometers. The original height of the seal on the mausoleum was about 115 meters, and it is still 76 meters high. There are two layers of inner and outer city walls in the cemetery. The inner city has a circumference of 3840 meters, and the outer city has a circumference of 6210 meters. There are walls about 8-10 meters high inside and outside the city walls, the ruins of which still remain today. The tomb area is in the south, and the dormitory and toilet buildings are in the north. The terracotta warriors and horses buried in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang were discovered in 1974 in an underground tunnel building southwest of Xiyang Village, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. On March 29, 1974, Chinese farmers Yang Zhifa, Yang Yanxin, Yang Quanyi, Yang Gaojian, Yang Xueyan, Yang Xinman, and Wang Puzhi. The well-drilling team and "Wapen Master" In 1974, when the noisy spring came to the foot of Lishan Mountain again, the annual well-drilling project in Xiyang Village began. On this day, production captain Yang Peiyan and deputy captain Yang Wenxue came to the west cliff in the corner of the persimmon garden in the southwest of the village. They looked at the valley entrance of Lishan Mountain for a while, and then looked around the surrounding terrain. Use a hoe to draw a large circle on a piece of ground covered with thistles. This is the location of the wellhead determined for the team to dig a well. The next day, six young and middle-aged laborers, led by Yang Quanyi, started digging at the circled spot. The project went smoothly at the beginning, but unexpectedly, two days later, we encountered a layer of soil as hard as stone; when we dug to about 3 meters, another thick layer of red soil appeared. It is simply incredible that red soil suddenly appeared under a layer of soil 3 meters deep. The farmer guessed: "Is this a brick kiln owned by our ancestors?" On the fifth day, an even more bizarre sight appeared. Yang Zhifa, who was swinging a hoe, suddenly found a round-mouthed pottery at the foot of the west wall of the shaft. "Ah, an earthen pot!" he exclaimed. What was dug out in the end was not an earthen pot at all, but a "Wa basin master". In Mandarin terms, a clay statue of a god was dug up. The news that "a statue of a god was unearthed in Xiyang Village" spread like wildfire in Fangyuan Village, and people came to watch it one after another. The young man jokingly said: "This really corresponds to the folk song in 1958, digging into the Dragon King's Crystal Palace." The old man looked at it sideways and vertically and said: "This must be the Eighteen Arhats underground!"... Everyone was talking. When there was a fuss over the newly unearthed "Wapen Master", a commune water conservation officer named Fang Shumin came to inspect and drill the well. "How come you haven't produced any water from this well after drilling it for so many days?" asked the water conservation officer. "Look, we have created something like this." The cadre member pointed to a figurine head to show him. "Ah, what is this?" The water conservator was stunned at first. But after carefully observing the well-drilling site, he quickly warned: "This well cannot be drilled for the time being." "Look, aren't these square bricks exactly the same as the Qin bricks unearthed near the Mausoleum of the First Emperor!" For the first time, this conservationist with some knowledge of archeology connected these pottery figurines with the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, five miles away. "It's probably a national treasure." After receiving the call from the water conservation officer, three comrades from the county cultural center rushed over immediately. There is a man about 40 years old named Zhao Kangmin, who specializes in cultural relics. After carefully inspecting these "Wapen Masters", he said decisively: "What Wabas Master, it is probably a national treasure!" As he said that, he took out a stack of hemp paper he had brought with him and carefully folded the relatively intact ones. The head, body and legs of the figurine were all bandaged and put on the cart. Then he asked the cadres and members to use a sieve to sift through the pile of red soil mixed with pottery fragments next to the wellhead so that every fragment could be collected and sent to the county cultural center together with the crossbow arrowheads. The members who were curious at first and then happy couldn't help asking when they sent Zhao Kangmin back to the county: "Are these gadgets from the Qin Dynasty?" Zhao Kangmin said excitedly: "It's hard to say now. If they are from the Qin Dynasty If so, it’s worth a lot of money!” The next day, six carts of pottery figurine fragments arrived at the Lintong County Cultural Center. Therefore, the restoration work of the first batch of extra-large pottery figurines, which are rare in all museums around the world, began in a corner of the showroom of this small cultural center next to the famous Huaqing Pool in Lishan Mountain. Find the pieces together and glue them together with resin glue according to the original stitches. Even the girl's embroidery cannot be more detailed than it. The young archaeologist groped day and night and worked carefully. He wanted to use his own hands to repair the cultural relics. After he found out what was going on, he would report it in writing. In this way, the news of the discovery of this important cultural relic was not known to the outside world for more than two months. Reporter's Insight During this period, a reporter named Lin Anwen, who worked for China News Service, returned to his hometown of Lintong County to visit relatives. In this way, the restoration work that Zhao Kangmin managed poorly and was unknown to the outside world came into the sight of this reporter. "Ah, why isn't such an important discovery reported?" the reporter asked, looking at a preliminarily repaired armor figurine and two short brown figurines. "Even I haven't fully understood it myself, how should I report it?" The young archaeologist also made sense. On June 24, Lin Anwen returned to Beijing after her family leave.

The next day, the reporter couldn't restrain his excitement, wrote a report on the situation, and handed it to the editorial department of "People's Daily". This is the first internal written report on this amazing discovery. The reporter is not as meticulous and rigorous as the archaeologists. Based on his own intuitive judgment, he simply titled it "A Group of Qin Dynasty Warrior Pottery Figurines Appeared in the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang". He wrote: "A group of warrior pottery figurines were unearthed near the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin at the foot of Lishan Mountain in Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. The pottery figurines are 1.68 meters tall, wearing military uniforms and holding weapons. They are shaped according to the true images of Qin Dynasty soldiers. “Pottery figurines have been unearthed around Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum before, but they were all small kneeling figurines. This is the first time that such real-life standing figurines have been discovered. What is particularly precious is that this is a group of warriors. Qin Shihuang unified China by force, but the image of Qin Dynasty soldiers is not recorded in history books. These warrior pottery figurines were accidentally discovered by local commune members while digging wells in March and April this year. It is inferred from the unearthed conditions that houses were built on top of the pottery figurines at that time. Later, it was burned by Xiang Yu, the house collapsed, and it was buried for more than two thousand years. This batch of cultural relics was cleaned and excavated by the Lintong County Cultural Center. So far, only part of it has been cleared. The excavation work was stopped midway due to the summer harvest. ..." Take measures quickly. As soon as this internal information was published, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou and leading comrades of relevant central departments quickly learned of this important news. In just a few days, the personal instructions of Comrade Li Xiannian, Vice Premier of the State Council, were When he arrived at the State Administration of Cultural Heritage: “It is recommended that the Cultural Affairs Bureau consult with the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee to quickly take measures to properly protect this important cultural relic. " The leading cadres and staff of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage who were still in the dark about this important discovery seemed to have a "sense of dereliction of duty" after seeing this instruction. They quickly picked up the phone and talked to the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Heritage Management Commission. Little did they know that the Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Heritage Management Committee was also at a loss! So, on July 6, Chen Zhide, director of the Cultural Management Division of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, and others flew directly to Xi'an with important instructions from Vice Premier Li Xiannian. After talking to the relevant leading comrades of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, Xi Buxinuan was accompanied by comrades from the Provincial Cultural Management Committee to the site the next day. After small-scale excavation, another group of warrior figurines were standing in the pit. . The experts were indescribably surprised when they arrived at the scene. Although they often travel all over the world and have extensive knowledge and experience of cultural relics, when they stood in front of these "pottery giants", they were so excited. What can I say? During this inspection, it was officially determined that the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee would appoint comrades with experience in excavation work to form an archaeological team to continue the careful cleaning and excavation of the site. According to this decision, on July 15, Shaanxi Province The Qin Terracotta Warriors archaeological team composed of the Provincial Cultural Administration Commission, the Institute of Archeology and other units came to Xiyang Village. From this day on, the "Eighth Miracle" Qin Terracotta Warriors were officially excavated. First, it shocked the country. Artists with drawing boards came. They were glad that the discovery of the Qin Terracotta Warriors had filled a gap in the art history of the Qin Dynasty; It provides the most authentic information and scenes for the study of ancient Chinese war art, weapons and military formations; experienced metallurgists came, pressed the Qin sword with their hands, and exclaimed the absolute superb and unparalleled ancient Chinese metallurgy; they have always admired ancient times. Some scholars and experts in Greek sculpture art came and changed the conventional wisdom of the past. They believed that the meticulous plastic art of Qin Terracotta Warriors can be called the earliest and most glorious chapter in the history of world sculpture... The news quickly crossed the border. , spread to some friendly countries. Many foreign guests who came to Xi'an specifically stated that they wanted to see the Qin Terracotta Warriors to make their trip to China worthwhile. Many foreign friends called visiting the Qin Terracotta Warriors the "highest event" of their visit to China. Foreign friends who visited the Qin Terracotta Warriors repeatedly exclaimed: "China is great! "China is great!" " In September 1978, Mr. Chirac, the former French Prime Minister and Mayor of Paris, who had profound research and knowledge on history, faced the Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and Horses. He said with great joy: "It turns out that there are seven wonders in the world. Today After seeing the Qin Terracotta Warriors, I would say this is the eighth wonder. He gestured again and made a strong addition before finishing his sentence: "And the Qin Terracotta Warriors should be among the best!" "In the past seven years, around the Qin Terracotta Warriors, the "eighth wonder" of the world, foreign friends have taken photos, painted, written interview notes and academic articles, some have written historical documents and movie scripts, and some have written about the excavation of the Qin Terracotta Warriors. Some of them volunteered to participate in the excavation, some asked to send their sons to the excavation site to study archeology, and some were willing to contribute their advanced science and technology to the restoration of the Qin Terracotta Warriors... We are not allowed yet. The terracotta warriors and horse warriors of the Qin Dynasty are not allowed to meet with some European countries and the people there, in order to thank the people of these countries for their yearning for the Qin warriors. It is indeed a miracle! No. 1 has been excavated now. The area of ??the pit is 14,260 square meters. Inside this rectangular pit to the west and east are more than 6,400 terracotta warriors and horses that are exactly the same size as real horses. The formation is composed of 210 people as the vanguard and 38 columns as the main body. A large military formation with three queues as flanks and rearguards. Pit No. 2, located to the north of it, has an area of ??6,000 square meters after preliminary drilling and trial excavation. It is estimated that there are more than 1,000 terracotta warriors (including crossbowmen, chariot soldiers, etc.). Cavalry). After drilling and trial excavation, 68 terracotta warriors and horses were also found in Pit 3. From the overall layout, Pit 3 is undoubtedly the headquarters of this underground imperial army. .

Interestingly, there is another pit of figurines to the north of these three pits. After drilling, this pit is empty. It may be that a sudden disaster occurred in the building, and the prisoners evacuated in a hurry and failed to place the terracotta warriors and horses inside as originally planned, thus forming an "empty city strategy." Standing on the bank of Xiyang Village, looking at the huge terracotta pits and the imposing military formations, how can you not be "awe-inspiring"! At the same time, one cannot help but marvel at the rich ideas and grand spirit of Li Si and Zhang Han, who were responsible for the design and construction of this great underground civil engineering project at that time! The more than 7,000 warrior figurines in total have different costumes, different expressions, heavy colors (the colors often fall off after being unearthed), and hold spears in their hands. It makes people imagine how arduous the ancient artists and working people paid for them. O labor and creative wisdom! There is no doubt that when all the terracotta warriors and horses are unearthed, restored, and arranged in the future, we will see a side of the Qin army's lineup that "attacked millions and rode thousands of chariots" more than 2,000 years ago.

Just imagine, when we review an ancient army that was ready to go in the second century BC in the time and space of the 20th century, can we say it is not an exciting miracle and spectacle?