Tourism regional pattern and brief introduction of Nima Longsheng Cave.

Xizang Autonomous Region has now formed four distinctive tourist areas: Lhasa, West Tibet, Southwest Tibet and South Tibet, and has formed a pattern of development and utilization of tourism resources centering on Lhasa, combining Xigaze and Shannan, and radiating Naqu, Ali, Linzhi and Qamdo. Among them: Lhasa tourist area, including Lhasa, Yangbajing, Dangxiong, Gyangze, Zedang, Shigatse, Yangzhuoyong Lake and other places, is famous for its rich cultural landscape and natural landscape; Western Tibet tourist area, mainly refers to Ali area, which is mainly based on the trip to Shenshan Shenhu; Southwest Tibet tourist area, with mountaineering tourism as its main feature; The tourist area in southern Tibet takes Linzhi as the center and features eco-tourism and scenic tourism. Newly-built residential area in Lhasa

Lhasa is located in south-central Xizang Autonomous Region, on the north bank of Lhasa River, a tributary of Yarlung Zangbo River. It borders Linzhi and Shannan in the east and southeast, Naqu in the west and north, and Shigatse in the southwest. The administrative area of the city spans 277 kilometers from east to west and 202 kilometers from north to south, with a total area of 295 18 square kilometers, including 50 square kilometers in the urban area. It has jurisdiction over Chengguan District and seven counties including Dangxiong, Linzhou, Duilong Deqing, Nimu, Qushui, Dazi and Mozhugongka. The total population is 400,000, of which the urban population is 6.5438+0.4 million. There are more than 30 ethnic groups such as Tibetan, Han and Hui, among which the Tibetan population accounts for 87%.

Lhasa is a city high in the north and low in the south, and the south-central part is the valley plain in the middle reaches of Lhasa River, a tributary of Yarlung Zangbo River. The annual average temperature is 7.5℃, the monthly average temperature is 2.3℃, and the July average temperature is 15.4℃, which belongs to the temperate plateau monsoon climate.

Winter fields

Lhasa is one of the major agricultural areas in Tibet. Food crops are mainly highland barley, wheat, corn, broad beans and peas; Cash crops mainly include potatoes, radishes, cabbages, tomatoes, cucumbers and eggplant. Fruit trees include apples, peaches, pears and walnuts; Trees mainly include poplar, willow, birch, cypress, etc. Animal husbandry mainly focuses on raising yaks, cows, cattle, sheep and goats. Medicinal materials include Cordyceps sinensis, Fritillaria, Rhodiola, Saussurea involucrata, ginseng fruit, musk, velvet antler and so on. Wild animals mainly include wild yaks, wild donkeys, antelopes, Tibetan antelopes, roe deer, black-necked cranes, swans and Tibetan snow chickens. Traditional handicrafts include cushions (wool mats), carpets, broadswords, bonds (colored aprons for Tibetan women in Tibet), wooden bowls and gold and silver jewelry. Among them, Lhasa broadsword is famous.

Students from Tibet Buddhist College work and study in Barkhor Street Market in Lhasa.

There are more than 200 scenic spots in Lhasa, more than 20 key tourist attractions and more than 30 scenic spots have been included in the development plan, among which the most famous are Potala Palace, Jokhang Temple, Jokhang Temple, Norbulingka, Tang Fanmeng Monument, drepung monastery, Sera Temple, Zongjiao Lu Kang (commonly known as Longwangtan Scenic Resort Scenic Area) and Xizang Autonomous Region Museum in Dazi County. The main natural landscapes are Namu Lake, yangbajain geothermal field, Nianduilong Hot Spring, Xiongbajiula Spring, Linzhou and Dangxiong Mozhugongka Nature Reserve.

Jinding of Jokhang Temple

Religious people who worship in front of Jokhang Temple in Lhasa are located in south-central Xizang Autonomous Region, bordering Lhasa in the east, Ali in the west, Naqu in the north and Bhutan, Sikkim and Nepal in the south. It has jurisdiction over Shigatse, Nyalam, Ding Jie, Geelong, Sakya, Yadong, Gyangze, Xietongmen, Lasi, Angren, Dingri, Gamba, Kangma, Zhongba, Saga, Renbu, Bailang and namling county, with a total area of/kloc-0.8 million square kilometers. The population is 425,000, mainly Tibetans, but also Han, Hui, Mongolian, Naxi and Sherpa. The Office of the District Commissioner is located in Shigatse City. The area centered on today's Shigatse city is called "Tibet" and "Tibet" in the traditional Tibetan domain name, and the related names derived from it all come from this. In China, Xiang Yan is often called "Houzang" in this area.

Xigaze area is the most concentrated and complete place of different types of natural landscapes in Tibet, with vast plateau pastures and beautiful pastoral scenery, as well as vast forests, subtropical jungles and snow peaks. Mount Qomolangma Nature Reserve is the highest and most complete ecosystem in the world, with infinite scenery. Tashilhunpo Monastery, Xialu Monastery, Donna Monastery, Sakya Monastery, Rongbu Monastery, Juenang Temple, Baiju Monastery, Gyangze Shan Zong Anti-British Battlefield Site and Pala Manor Site are the main cultural tourism landscapes in this area.

Shigatse area is recognized as the best place to carry out mountaineering tourism in the world, and it is also the key area to develop mountaineering adventure tourism in Tibet. The highest mountain section of the Himalayas is in this area. There are five peaks in Tibet with an altitude of more than 8,000 meters-Mount Everest (8848.13m), Luozi Peak (8516m), Makaru Peak (8463m) and Zhuoruo Peak (820/kloc-0. Since 1980, China has opened 44 mountain peaks and hiking routes in Tibet and parts of Tibet. In recent years, the average number of foreign teams who only go to Mount Everest for mountaineering exploration is more than 20 each year.

The main tourist souvenirs and specialties in Shigatse are: silver-wrapped wooden bowls, tea trays, tea stands, Tibetan carpets and gold hats in Shigatse, butter lamps, silver bowls and Tibetan knives in Saga, card mats, carpets, tapestries and women's gold hats in Gyangze, Lazi waist knives and Tibetan boots in Lazi, and silver bowls, silver waist buckles, pottery pots and cans in Dingri. Mulberry butter in Angren County, Tibetan paper in Gamba County, jade articles, card mats, Dongga Tibetan boots, Wangdanka mats, Baigang Tibetan incense and Bailangciba in Renbu County are located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, bordering Lhasa in the north, Linzhi in the east, Shigatse in the west and Bazin in the south. The total area is over 80,000 square kilometers. With a total population of more than 290,000 people, there are Tibetan, Han, Hui, Menba, Barrow and other ethnic groups, among which the Tibetan population accounts for 98%. It governs Naidong, Qusong, Qiongjie, Sangri, Cuomei, Zhanang, Jiacha, Cuona, Gongga, Zi Long, Luozha and Langkazi 12 counties. The district Commissioner's office is located in Zedang town.

The northern counties are located in the valley of the main tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River between the continuous mountains, while the southern four counties are located in the Himalayas. The Gangdise Mountains and the Himalayas are sandwiched between the north and the south, and the humid and warm airflow in the South Indian Ocean makes the precipitation abundant and the climate mild. Yarlung Zangbo River runs through the middle of Shannan region, with a wide river surface, dense tributaries from Qushui to Jiacha and a wide valley. The valley area is rich in water and soil, and the mountains on both sides of the valley are fertile pastures and dense forests. Various landforms such as mountains, lakes, river valleys, hot springs and caves in the south of the mountain have created natural conditions for the development of natural scenery tourism.

Shannan is one of the important birthplaces of ancient Tibetan civilization and occupies a prominent position in the long scroll of Tibetan history. This is the birthplace of the famous myth that God's monkeys and hooligans breed human beings. It is the first region in Tibet to master the skills of reclaiming land, measuring fields, irrigation, grazing, smelting metal and firing pottery, which has produced many "firsts" in Tibetan history. The long history has left rich cultural relics here, the special geographical conditions have created unique natural scenery here, and the rich religious and cultural atmosphere has cast a mysterious aura on many landscapes and places of interest here. There are many famous cultural relics in Shannan, such as Tombs of Tibetan Kings, Sanye Temple, Changzhu Temple, Yongbulakang, Minchi Kulinji, Dojezhag Temple and Sundin Temple. Among them, Tombs of Tibetan Kings and Sanye Temple are national key cultural relics protection units; There are famous "sacred mountains"-Jiasang Qiuburi in Gongga, Haburi Mountain with scattered leaves, Mingri Mountain in Zedang, Yangzhuoyong Lake in Langkazi and Ramlacuo Lake in Jiacha. There are also many religious shrines.

At present, there are 1 scenic spots in Shannan region, and there are 3 major tourist attractions, which combine many human and natural landscapes.

Yalong River Scenic Area: At present, it is the only national key scenic spot in Tibet, with snow-capped mountains, glaciers, pastoral pastures, river valleys, alpine vegetation, historical sites and simple folk customs.

Yangzhuoyong Lake Scenic Area: a natural scenic area integrating lakes, snow-capped mountains, islands, pastures, hot springs, wild animals, temples and other landscapes.

Sanye Scenic Area: It includes many cultural and natural landscapes such as Sanyi, Songka and Aza Township in Zanang County, north of Yarlung Zangbo River. There are mainly Sanye Temple, Haburi Mountain, Nemo Longsheng Cave, Qingpu Xiuzhen Cave, Zhayang Zongdong and so on.

Shenghu Scenic Area: including the main scenic spots in Sangri, Qusong and Jiacha counties. The whole scenic spot integrates alpine valleys, snow-capped mountains, cuckoos, sacred rivers, hot springs, holy places and ancient temples. There are not only natural landscapes such as Gera Snow Mountain, Budanla Mountain, Yu Na Valley, Ramlako, Woka Hot Springs and Sewu Hot Springs, but also cultural landscapes such as Chakejie, Balangquekang, Chagakude Temple and Wang Fu Palace in Lagarie.

The local products suitable for tourists are: Democratic forest brand incense in Zhanang County, Jade Xiubang code incense in Gongga County, bracelets, necklaces, butter lamps and incense burners in Qiongjie County, carpets, mats, quilts and cakes in Naidong County, and stone pots, wooden bowls and incense burners in Jiacha County. Linzhi Bayi town residents new area

Linzhi area is located in the southeast of Xizang Autonomous Region, in the middle and lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River. It is connected with Qamdo in the east, Naqu in the north, Lhasa and Shannan in the west and southwest respectively, and India and Myanmar in the south. It has jurisdiction over Linzhi, Medog, Milin, Gongbu Jiangda, Chayu, Bomi and Langxian. It covers an area of more than 99,700 square kilometers and has a population of 6.5438+0.375 million. There are 10 ethnic groups and Bo people, including Tibetan, Han, Menba and Barrow. The District Commissioner's Office is located in Bayi Town.

Location of Bayi town in Linzhi area

The peculiar geological structure has caused the magnificent natural landscape, unique climate and rich vegetation here. Here, the blue sky and white clouds, snow-capped mountains and glaciers, rapids and waterfalls, clouds and mist, the Millennium giant cypress, as well as ancient temples, Qifeng, sacred mountains and sacred lakes all shine with magical and charming colors.

Affected by the Indian Ocean monsoon, there is no heat in summer, no cold in winter, abundant rainfall, humid climate, long sunshine and short frost period. The lowest altitude is only about 1000 meters. In some places, rice, peanuts, apples, oranges, bananas and lemons can even be planted. Known as Jiangnan in Tibet.

Bomi, Chayu and Luo Yu are rich in plant resources. In the vast forest like the sea, there are giant spruces with a tree age of more than 200 years, some of which are as high as 80 meters and 2.5 meters in diameter. A tree can produce 60 cubic meters of wood. The giant cypress in Linzhi county is called a living fossil by scientists, and the largest tree is 2500 years old. There are more than 2,000 kinds of higher plants, including woody plants 100, medicinal plants and fungal plants 165, which is a veritable treasure house of plants. Rare wild animals include Bengal tiger, leopard, bear, Yunnan golden monkey, antelope and red panda.

The scenic spots in Linzhi are divided into 8 scenic spots and 40 scenic spots, the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, the world's largest canyon, the national and autonomous nature reserves with many rare animals and plants, the Nanga Bawa scenic spot with multiple tourism resource values, the Basong Lake scenic spot in Gongbujiangda County, the Niangpugou scenic spot, the Jiaxinggou Waterfall, and the statues of this mountain and the cliff of this mountain. Giant Berlin in Linzhi County, Sangwang, Bayi Town Scenic Area, Bujiu Lama Forest Scenic Area, Seqila Mountain Scenic Area, Zhari Shaba Mountain in Lang County, Lieshan Ancient Tombs, Yarlung Zangbo River Scenic Area in Milin County, South Iloba New Village, South Yigou Scenic Area, Bomi Gongyi Lake, Gong Yi Tea Garden, Medog Waterfall, Rattan Liusuo and Chayu Subtropical Scenery are all extremely rich.

Linzhi's native products mainly include a wide variety of famous medicinal materials and edible fungi; Dried and fresh fruits mainly include citrus, oranges, sugarcane, peaches, apples, pears, grapes, walnuts, etc. In addition, there are Tibetan hats and wooden bowls in Langxian County, "the sacred tea of Mount Everest" in bomi county, Tibetan knives in Gong Yi, bamboo weaving and Tibetan wooden bowls in Chayu. Changdu Town is located in the valley where Zhaqu River and Angqu River meet in the upper reaches of Lancang River.

Changdu area is located in the east of Tibet, bordering Yunnan and Sichuan in the east, Qinghai in the north, Linzhi in the south and Naqu in the west. It governs Qamdo, Mangkang, Zuogong, Gongjue, Bianba, Basu, Luolong, Jiangda, Leiwuqi, Dingqing, Chaya 1 1 county, with a total area of130,000 square kilometers and a population of 460,000. The main population is Tibetan, as well as Han, Mongolian, Naxi and Hui. "Qamdo" means Lianghekou in Tibetan. The Office of the Commissioner is located in Changdu Town.

Changdu is located in the east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the north of Hengduan Mountains. The terrain is generally high in the north and low in the south, with an average elevation of about 3700 meters. Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River have formed a spectacle of three parallel rivers in this area. The river was cut down and the mountains on both sides were sandwiched in the middle, with a maximum height difference of 2700 meters. More than 80 peaks over 5000 meters are scattered and towering, some are famous "sacred mountains", and some have been opened to mountaineering enthusiasts; There are 2173,000 hectares of forest, 46,700 hectares of fertile land and nearly 66.67 million hectares of natural grassland in the valley area at the foot of the mountain. In the meantime, the blue lagoon is quiet and the hot springs are widely distributed. There are more than 600 kinds of wild animals such as snow leopard, red panda, Yunnan golden monkey, white-lipped deer, musk deer, mink, otter and lynx, and more than 0/200 kinds of medicinal materials such as Cordyceps, musk, velvet antler, Anemarrhena, Fritillaria, bear bile and Codonopsis pilosula are produced.

According to the traditional Tibetan regional concept, Qamdo belongs to Kangqu; The people in Kangqu are called Kangba. The folk cultural characteristics of Qamdo are different from those of many places in Tibet.

Iron staff Lama, who is in charge of the precepts of monks in Qamdo Qiangbalin Temple.

The main tourist attractions in Changdu are Qiangbalin Temple (Changdu Temple), Karuo Neolithic Cultural Site, Gama Temple, Gupu Cave, Wangmeika Hot Spring, Zuojika Hot Spring, Quzika Hot Spring, Mangcuo Lake, Ranwu Lake, Rencuo Lake, Ranwu Hot Spring, Li Xia Hot Spring, Tongka Temple and Gaxue Rock Paintings in basu county. Bianba Temple, Deding Temple, Dandashan Temple and Puyu Lake in Bianba County, Yiri Hot Spring, Machala Cave, Changmaoling Deer Farm and Leiwuqi Temple in Leiwuqi County, Renda Madan Cliff Statue, Longlong Stone Carving in Chaya County, Kangxiang Hall, Shagar Richu and Jiaoke Temple, Zezhuoer Temple, Bhutto Ka Lake and Tuocun Hot Spring in Dingqing County. These resources provide great potential for the development of tourism in Changdu, and can be transformed into economic advantages through reasonable development and utilization. Stone pillars formed by spring flowers in the west of Naqu

The name "Naqu" comes from the existence of a Naqu River (the upper reaches of Nujiang River) in China. The old translated name "Heihe" and the translated names of Halawusu and Kalau Su in Qing Dynasty are all full semantic translations of the Tibetan place name "Naqu". Today, it is not only the name of a region, but also the name of a county, a town, a district and a river.

Naqu area is located in northern Tibet, which has jurisdiction over Naqu, Jiali, Shenzha, Baqing, Nie Rong, Nima, Rugao, Suoxian, Bango, Amdo 10 and Shuanghu Special Zone. It borders Ali area in the west, Qamdo area in the east, Lhasa city in the south, Xinjiang and Qinghai in the north, Shigatse area in the southwest and Shuanghu Special Zone in the southeast. The total area is about 286,500 square kilometers, the total population is 310.9 million, and Tibetans account for more than 98%. Naqu district commissioner's office.

The main local products are cow cashmere, Kashmir cashmere, Cordyceps sinensis, Saussurea involucrata, Daphne Spica, Fritillaria, musk and so on.

The northern Tibetan plateau, called Qiangtang by Tibetans, is mainly located in Naqu area. The vast Qiangtang has a vast territory, unique geographical environment and changeable natural scenery. The great power of nature contributes to the magnificent mountains and rivers in the west of Naqu. More than 1000 lakes, such as Namco, Selin Co and Dangrang Yongco, are scattered like jadeite on the endless grassland or desert. There are countless hot springs and geothermal areas, as well as spectacular wildlife communities and alpine vegetation. There are more than 20 species of national first-class and second-class protected animals. Various natural wonders and the folk customs of plateau herders constitute the unique tourism content here. In all kinds of scenery in Qiangtang, except for all kinds of myths and legends and religious shrines attached to green hills and beautiful waters, there is almost no artificial creation, and everything seems to maintain an inherent natural state. In addition, Naqu area is located in Xiaodeng Temple, a famous temple in northern Tibet. There is also the annual Naquqin Horse Racing Art Festival in the east of Naqu, such as Azahu Scenic Area in Jiali County and Zhong Yi Township Scenic Area. "Southern Tibet" is like the scenery along the river on both sides of the Nujiang River in the county, Pengpan primitive forest area, Baiga-Yangyuxiu natural scenic area, Duoduoka skeleton wall, the beautiful cave in Bulong, and the famous temples with a long history-Suoxian Zandan Temple, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ali's Dongga Piyang Site

In the tourist area, there are the ruins of Guge Dynasty Castle and Tolin Temple in Zada County, as well as the Renbuqin Peak in Shenshan Mountain and the Yongcuo Lake in Mabian, Pulan County with religious beliefs such as Hinduism, Jainism, Bonism and Tibetan Buddhism. Zada soil forest is a special landform formed by flowing water erosion, which is spread all over Zada county. Ali region is located in the west of Tibet, bordering Xinjiang in the north, Naqu region in the east, Shigatse region in the southeast, Kashmir region, India and Nepal in the west and south respectively. The border line is 1 16km, and there are more than 60 mountain passes leading to the outside world. Among the seven counties under the jurisdiction of this area, Gaize, Cuoqin and Geji are pure pastoral areas, while Gaer, Pulan, Zada and Ritu are semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. It covers an area of more than 303,000 square kilometers and has a population of more than 60,000. The average population density per square kilometer is less than 0.2. The regional administrative office is located in shiquanhe town.

Ali women's dress

Shepherdess in Ali Plateau

Ali once played an important role in the economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West. It is a fertile ground for splendid ancient Xiangxiong civilization and Bonism culture, and also a treasure house for exploring ancient Tibetan civilization. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was called "Tong Yang" (now translated as "Xiang Xiong"). "Nalisu" in Yuan Dynasty and "Orlis" in Ming Dynasty are ancient translations of the Tibetan place name "mngavris".

Ancient pagodas and temples under Qi Feng in Arigang Renbu.

Ali, with an average altitude of more than 4,500 meters, is known as the "roof of the world". Snow-capped glaciers, alpine meadows, desert Gobi, rivers and lakes, farmland and pastures, soil and forest landforms and various wild animals everywhere constitute a spectacular natural wonder. The famous Shiquan River, Peacock River, Xiangquan River and Maquan River are the sources of Indus River, Ganges River, Satleji River and Yarlung Zangbo River respectively. Zada's Guge dynasty ruins, Tolin ancient temple, Dongga murals and Japanese rock paintings are all deeply imprinted with the ancient civilization of this plateau. Qi Feng, Gangrinbo, the main peak of Gangdise Mountain, is known as the "holy mountain" and Yongcuo in Mabian is regarded as the "holy lake", which has a special position in the history of Asian religions. Zada's Heizai, Japanese Sheba Ma Xie and Geji's Gesar rap all have their own characteristics. Tourism is a powerful advantage of Ali's development. 1998 received tourists from home and abroad 13500 person-times, and realized tourism income of 3.38 million yuan.

In order to fully explore Tibet's ancient history and culture, and appreciate the spirit of the root of Qian Shan and the source of thousands of waters, Ali must go. Some people even say that if you have never been to Ali, you have never been to Tibet.

The sacred cave of Nimaron

In Zhanang County, Shannan region, it is a cultural landscape on the tourist line from Lhasa to Zedang. 25 kilometers away from Zedang Town, you can see a tall noble manor in the southern valley, which is Capsule Forest Manor. Legend has it that capsule Selin is a descendant of Rondama.

Langselin Manor was built from16th century to17th century during the Pazhu Dynasty in Tibet. It is one of the earliest manors in Tibet. Tibet's transition from slavery to feudal serfdom is a historical symbol. Langse Garden, meaning "Land of the God of Wealth", was the territory of a noble in ancient Tibet. Legend has it that it was built by Wang Lang, a hidden aunt and son-in-law of Tubo Dynasty. But from the current data, the existing buildings have a history of at least 300 years.

This manor is very big, covering an area of about 7000 square meters. Existing buildings include the main building, external walls, internal walls, watchtowers, watchtowers and trenches.

The main building is large in scale, and the main building is a Tibetan seven-story building, which is very luxurious. There are ancillary buildings, moats, Buddhist temples, bungalows, stables, mills, dyehouses, weaving workshops, bunkers, prisons and so on. Most of these original annex buildings have been destroyed. This building is laid out according to the living style of the god of wealth, so it is called Langselin Manor. The plane is rectangular, and the outer wall is made of rammed earth and stones. The first floor is a barn; The second and third floors are warehouses; The fourth floor is the housekeeper's servant's home; The fifth floor is the Buddhist temple; The sixth floor is the owner's residence; There are several rooms on the seventh floor. At the top is a platform overlooking the surrounding rural scenery.

There is also a garden in the southwest of the manor (called Karin by Tibetans), which is the summer resort of the manor owner. Pines and cypresses are planted in the park, as well as various fruit trees and flowers. Every summer, vegetation is lush and the environment is beautiful.

Langselin is a representative serf-owner manor in Tibet.