Basic Introduction of Ming Tombs (Dingling)

The Ming Tombs (Dingling) belong to the famous tourist destination of Beijing's cultural landscape.

Dingling, the burial tomb of Zhu Yijun, the thirteenth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and two Empresses Xiao Duan and Xiao Jing, is located at the foot of Dayu Mountain, 1 kilometers north of Changping District, Beijing, covering an area of 18, square meters. It is the first imperial tomb excavated as planned after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Ming Dingling Mausoleum is exquisite and magnificent. It is the crown of imperial tombs in China, a treasure of splendid Chinese culture and a world-famous tourist attraction.

The cemetery was built in the 12th year of Wanli (1584) and completed in the 18th year of Wanli (159), with a large building scale and exquisite materials. Ming Lou, Bao Cheng, Ling Men and other major buildings have been preserved intact for more than 4 years.

with the approval of the State Council in p>1956, the excavation of Dingling was started. In 1957, the local officials opened, and nearly 3, cultural relics were unearthed. On September 3, 1959, a museum was established in the original site of Dingling, and it was officially opened to the public on October 1, 1959.

The underground Xuanguan in Dingling, the distribution of halls and chambers is similar to the pattern of nine imperial palaces in the imperial palace. It consists of five stone halls, namely, front, middle, back, left and right, with stone arches at the top and a pot bottom with a pointed cross section. The underground Xuan Palace is tall and magnificent, with five halls with a total area of 95 square meters, and its top height is 9.5 meters. There are seven stone gates in the five stone halls, among which the stone gates in the front, middle and back halls are extremely exquisite. Before Sanmen, there were wall-mounted white stone gatehouses. Inside the ticket, there is a door leaf, and the door leaf is carved and paved with a head ring and a breast-shaped door nail. Door nails are distributed vertically and horizontally to show the supremacy of feudal emperors. In order to make the door leaf open freely, the door leaf is designed to be thicker at one end of the door shaft and thinner at the first end. The lower end of the door shaft also adopts a hemispherical shape. Reasonable conceptual design makes it very labor-saving to open the door leaf weighing about 4 tons.

The layout of Dingling Underground Palace basically adopts the system of facing the front and sleeping behind. There is no decoration in the front hall, which is equivalent to the square in front of the palace, and the middle hall is equivalent to the former dynasty (that is, the main hall of the palace). There are three thrones carved out of white marble, which are arranged in a zigzag pattern. There are five yellow colored glasses in front of each seat, namely incense, candles and flowers, and a large blue and white moire porcelain jar filled with sesame oil for the ever-burning lamps. There are no funerary objects in the left and right halls. The back hall is equivalent to the sleeping hall, called the Xuan Hall, which is the main part of the underground palace and is the place where coffins are placed. The coffins of Emperor Wanli and Empresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing were placed in the center of the coffin bed. There were plum bottles, jade materials and 26 red lacquer wooden boxes filled with buried gold, silver and jade articles around the three coffins, and there were also a large number of buried objects in each coffin stop. Among the funerary objects unearthed in Dingling, the crown and phoenix crown are the most striking. Emperor Wanli's golden crown is made of extremely fine gold thread, with two dragons playing with beads embedded in it. Among the exquisite jewelry, the gold hairpin of Emperor Wanli is a rare treasure, and the opal with the size of the index finger inlaid on the top shines brightly.

nearly 3, pieces of silk fabrics, empress dowager's clothes, jewelry, gold, silver, copper, tin, jade, glass and other precious cultural relics have been unearthed from Dingling, among which the golden crown, phoenix crown, black gauze wing good crown and crown crown are all unearthed for the first time. The cultural relics unearthed in Dingling provide rich material and scientific basis for studying the political, economic and cultural development of the Ming Dynasty and the funeral and crown service system of the Empress Dowager.