Extracurricular geography knowledge: the induction of all geographical factors in high school geography.

First, the analysis of agricultural location factors

1. Natural factors

Terrain: The terrain is plain or delta, low or flat and open.

Climate: × climate, (rain and heat in the same period, good combination of light and heat, sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night)

Water source: Close to the water source (river or glacier meltwater area), with sufficient water source and convenient irrigation.

Soil: X soil, fertile deep soil or fertile soil.

2. Human factors

Market: The area is densely populated or developed in industry and mining, or there are many cities with a broad market (which has great influence on commodity agriculture).

Transportation: Close to rivers or lakes, land and water (land and sea) transportation is convenient or rivers meet, and inland river shipping is developed (which has great influence on commodity agriculture).

Policy: support (support, encouragement) of national policies.

Science and technology: high-level or advanced technology.

Labor force: dense population, abundant labor force and low labor wages.

Industrial base: the industry is developed and the industrial base is strong.

3. The unfavorable location factors of nature to agriculture

Meteorological disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, low temperature in spring and cold waves; Heat, light, water and soil fertility are insufficient, and the pH value is high.

4. Distribution and location selection of main crops

The export base of agricultural products aims to enter the international market: Taihu Plain, South Fujian (Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen) Triangle, Pearl River Delta, Hainan Island and other places.

cotton

Such as high temperature

Sufficient light and heat, loose soil, irrigation water.

apple

I like light and cold.

Wet and semi-humid warm temperate zone

beet

Like warm and cool, salt-tolerant and drought-tolerant, short growth period.

Temperate regions with mild climate.

paddy field

Like high temperature and rainy, low terrain.

Plain areas with good water conditions; In China, it is concentrated in the eastern monsoon region and south of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains (36 N).

corn

I like hot and rainy summer, and the growing period is long.

Areas with high temperature and rainy summer and long growing period

wheat

Hydrothermal requirements are not high; Cold and drought tolerance, strong adaptability.

In temperate continental climate, the dividing line between winter wheat and spring wheat in China is the ancient Great Wall (or 3500℃ accumulated temperature line). Winter wheat is generally sown in autumn and harvested in winter, while spring wheat is generally sown in spring and harvested in autumn.

Second, the analysis of industrial location factors

1. Natural factors

Raw materials: close to the origin of raw materials, rich in raw materials-raw material-oriented industry.

Energy: close to a certain energy source (such as coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, wind energy, etc.). ), give priority to with sufficient energy-power.

Land: the land is flat and open, which is conducive to the establishment of factories.

Water source: close to rivers, lakes or abundant precipitation, with sufficient water source.

2. Economic factors

Market: densely populated or dense, with a broad market (the market points to industry more obviously).

Transportation: Convenient transportation: near the sea or seaport, near the junction of lakes or rivers, and near the railway expressway or the airport.

Labor force: dense population and abundant labor resources-labor-intensive industries.

Science and technology: Science and education are developed or close to institutions of higher learning or scientific research institutes, and the labor force is of high quality-technology-intensive.

Agricultural foundation: close to commodity grain base or agricultural production area, with strong agricultural foundation or developed agriculture.

3. Social factors

National policy: the support and encouragement of national policy, the change of national policy (the factory to solve employment is located in an unprofitable position; Western development to narrow the economic gap)

National defense security: the national defense needs in a certain period.

Personal behavior (or preference): for example, overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese investment.

Industrial inertia: consider the relocation cost or the influence of the government or local economy.

4. Environmental factors

Wind direction: factories that seriously pollute the atmosphere should be located in the downwind area of the dominant wind direction in the city, or on the vertical sides of the dominant wind direction, and the monsoon area should be arranged in the upwind area of the wind direction with the smallest local wind frequency.

Water source: factories with wastewater discharge should be far away from water source or the upper reaches of rivers; Waterworks are located in the upper reaches of water sources or rivers in residential areas.

Away from residential areas and farmland: small pollution-free industry, located in urban areas; Industries with large land use and light pollution can be located on the edge of the city or in the suburbs; Large-scale enterprises with serious pollution and difficult control should be located in outer suburbs or suburbs far away from urban areas.

Ecological environment: industrial layout should be far away from fragile ecological environment areas.

Example: Analyze the industrial development of four major industrial bases along the coast of China.

(1) is located in the eastern coast of China, with convenient maritime traffic and favorable for opening to the outside world. Railways, highways, waterways and pipelines connect all parts of China, facilitating the exchange of materials, personnel and information.

(2) The local and neighboring areas are rich in resources or raw materials, such as iron and oil in central and southern Liaoning, coal, iron, oil, sea salt and cotton in Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan;

(3) Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan and Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou regions have strong scientific and technological strength, and the industrial base in central and southern Liaoning is good. The Pearl River Delta, which is close to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and Southeast Asia, is the hometown of overseas Chinese and has the advantages of attracting foreign investment, advanced technology and management experience;

(4) There are many open cities and special economic zones in the four bases, which enjoy preferential policies for economic development.

Third, the analysis of urban location factors

1. Natural factors

Terrain: The contour topographic map shows that the terrain is flat and open.

Climate: From the topic, what is the climate? It is concluded that the precipitation is moderate and the temperature is moderate.

River: Seen from the map, it faces the river: ① Traffic function: the intersection of the river, the crossing point, the estuary and the starting point or end point of river traffic, with convenient traffic ② Water supply function: it is close to the river, with abundant or abundant water resources.

2. Socioeconomic factors

Natural resources: judge whether there are some natural resources in a place on the map.

Transportation: Judging from the map whether a place is close to railways, highways or expressway, ports or docks, and the intersection of various modes of transportation, the transportation is convenient.

Agricultural foundation: The local agricultural foundation is strong.

Other factors: ① whether it is a political, religious or military center; ② Whether it is a tourism and technology center (new factor).

Fourthly, the analysis of the location factors of the midpoint in the transportation network.

(a) the location of the port

1. Natural conditions

Water regime (navigation conditions): Isobathymetric lines are dense-the river is wide and deep, with large space, which is convenient for navigation and berthing.

Harbor: a place to shelter from wind and waves

Land conditions (port construction conditions): plain or delta plain topography, suitable slope, stable geology and large anchoring space.

2. Socioeconomic conditions

Economic hinterland: (the area served by the port) has developed economy, wide radiation range and large distribution of passengers and goods (affecting the rise and fall of the port).

Relying on the city: relying on a single big city or a certain urban agglomeration to provide the port with human, financial and material advantages. National policy: policy support, such as free trade ports and open ports.

(2) the location of the bus stop

The general principle of bus station location is to maximize the convenience of passengers, namely: ① the road is wide and easy to connect with the traffic inside and outside the city; ② The flat area is large; ③ Engineering quantity.

(3) the location of the airport

1. Natural conditions

Terrain: flat and open, with proper slope to ensure drainage.

Geology: With good geological conditions, the foundation should be stable and firm.

Climate: Days with little fog, strong wind and heavy rain.

2. Socioeconomic factors

Transportation: There should be transportation links with city easy.

Economy: It should be built in economically developed areas.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Analysis of hydropower station location

Water quantity: related to climate, dry and wet areas, river recharge, basin area or catchment area (explained according to river location).

Descent: related to cross contour lines or step transitions.

Specific development: related to geology and geomorphology (generally canyons on topographic maps, in order to reduce investment and engineering quantity; The foundation should be stable and solid, with few geological disasters; Same as reservoir site selection).

Six, the development of marine aquaculture location analysis

1. The continental shelf is wide and shallow, with suitable water temperature and sufficient sunshine, which is beneficial to biological photosynthesis.

2. Rivers or runoff flowing into the sea bring rich organic matter and nutrients.

3. Cold current and warm current meet, and seawater is stirred or flooded in winter, which is rich in nutrition.

Seven, tourism location analysis:

Tourism activities include three elements (analysis from three elements is conducive to enhancing memory):

1. Tourists: theme

Equivalent to the market (close to economically developed areas, the market is vast)

2. Tourism resources: object

A. quality, cluster and regional combination of tourism resources. (The quality of tourism resources is high, the cluster is in good condition, and the regional combination is good)

B Market distance: the attraction radius (big or small) of a tourist destination (that is, the distance between tourist resources and tourists).

C. environmental carrying capacity: the capacity of tourism activities (capacity) is large or small.

3. Tourism: Media

A. Regional reception capacity: strong or weak

B. Traffic location and accessibility: directly affect the number of tourists.

Eight, the location analysis of commercial street

Market: the geometric center of the city, with a wide range of commercial activities-generally retail-oriented.

Transportation: At the edge or corner of the city ring road or expressway, the transportation is convenient-generally, it is mainly wholesale.

Commercial Community: Convenient-built in residential areas and composed of various commercial points.