What problems should we pay special attention to in developing tourism in nature reserves?

1. Tourism in nature reserves must be based on protection, and eco-tourism should be developed on the basis of protection. Protection is the primary task of protected areas, the basis for developing tourism and the driving force for developing eco-tourism. Without protection, there is no good ecological environment, and there is no eco-tourism, which means that tourism in protected areas must obey protection. To carry out tourism in protected areas, it must be eco-tourism, and it must be based on ecological and social benefits, and economic benefits are subordinate to ecological and social benefits; Give priority to long-term interests (sustainable development), and present interests are subordinate to long-term interests.

2. To develop eco-tourism in nature reserves, we must take nature reserves as the main body, reasonably divide the core area, buffer area and experimental area, and strictly protect the core area in the form of fences, buried piles and warning signs. According to the Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Nature Reserve, some tourist areas will be set aside in the experimental area, and activities such as eco-tourism, sightseeing, teaching practice and scientific experiments will be carried out moderately. In order to develop eco-tourism in the experimental area, it is necessary to plan tourist routes reasonably, limit the scope of tourism and minimize human disturbance to the ecosystem according to the distribution of scenic spots in the experimental area.

3. To develop eco-tourism in nature reserves, we must grasp the propaganda caliber and intensity of eco-tourism according to the maximum capacity and reasonable capacity of the environment. According to the allowable area, tour route, tour time and unit scale index (forest recreation area 1~4 people/day? Hectares; Suburban park 10~ 17 people/day? Hectares; 5~ 10 people/day in the outer suburbs? Hectares; 2~5 people/day away from the independent scenic spots in the city? Ha), or according to the line environmental capacity index (30 ~ 60m/person), calculate the maximum environmental capacity and reasonable capacity, strictly control the number of tourists, and avoid predatory use of ecological resources in nature reserves.

The development of ecotourism based on protected areas must be restricted by reasonable environmental capacity, tourism time and ecological characteristics of ecotourism in protected areas. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the propaganda caliber and determine the propaganda intensity according to the reasonable environmental capacity and tour time when carrying out market propaganda in protected areas. We can't talk about "visiting wild mountains, beating wild water, picking wild flowers, eating game, lighting bonfires and setting off firecrackers" like mass tourism propaganda, but we should fully reflect the tone (freshness, nature, simplicity and tranquility) and characteristics of eco-tourism, such as fitness, lung washing, education in travel and returning to nature. Nor can it attract tourists as overwhelming and unrestrained as mass tourism propaganda.

4. To develop eco-tourism in protected areas, its services and business activities must reflect the particularity of protected areas. Just as propaganda cannot say "visit wild mountains, fight wild water, pick wild flowers, eat game, light bonfires and set off firecrackers", in terms of tourism management services, commercial service stalls in protected areas are not allowed to sell slingshots, toy guns and other commodities that pose a threat to wild animals; Do not sell guns, cannons, firecrackers, fireworks and other commodities or hold bonfires and fireworks parties, so as not to pose a threat to the forest or frighten wild animals; Do not use coal, firewood and other cooking and heating fuels, but use environmentally-friendly boilers or cookers such as oil, gas, solar energy, wind energy and electric energy to avoid solid or gas pollution to the protected areas.

5. To develop eco-tourism in protected areas, tourism infrastructure and service facilities must be rationally planned according to the characteristics of taking protection as the premise. In the infrastructure construction of eco-tourism in nature reserves, it is necessary to plan rationally, and should be refined rather than excessive. On the premise of ensuring forest fire prevention and resource patrol, the original road will be hardened for slope protection, and the earth and stone will not be moved any more, and a new tourist road will be built. If there are no roads in the original protected area, fire roads can be built according to the needs of fire prevention and resource patrol to minimize ecological damage. Although people from all walks of life have different views on replacing tourist roads and trails with ropeways, from the actual operation, ropeways have great advantages of less resource destruction, less waste gas emission and less soil erosion. At the same time, the operation of the ropeway reduces and avoids the frequency of tourists trampling on vegetation and the opportunity of direct contact with wildlife and habitats, which has the advantage of protecting the ecological environment. The service facilities of nature reserves should be based on the principle of "visiting in the area and serving outside the area". Only management, education and a small number of supporting service facilities are reserved in the region, and the rest of the tourist service reception facilities are handed over to the surrounding communities for unified planning, construction and management. Publicity and education facilities should also focus on audio-visual display, try to reduce the physical display of specimens, and avoid the destruction of the ecological environment and species in the region due to the construction of herbarium (natural museum).

6. To carry out eco-tourism in nature reserves, we must aim at ecological propaganda and improve public ecological civilization. To carry out eco-tourism in nature reserves, we should first organize professionals to write eco-commentary instead of mythical tour guide words. In the ecological evaluation, it is necessary to analyze the ecological process, flora, rare and endangered species and animals and plants protected by the state, explain the regional geography, ecosystem, landscape types, basic situation and main scenic spots of nature reserves, preach the laws and regulations related to nature reserves and their ecological significance, ecological value and socio-economic value, and improve personal ecology. After the completion of ecological explanation, special training will be given to ecological propagandists and managers in this field. At the same time, ecological propaganda signs are planted on the tour routes, and permanent ecological propaganda slogans and slogans are carved to create an environmental education atmosphere for eco-tourism.

7. The development of ecotourism in protected areas must be combined with local residents. The area of nature reserves is only a small part compared with the surrounding communities (especially after returning farmland to forests), and it is far from enough to rely solely on nature reserves to protect biodiversity. Protected areas must be based on the principle of "visiting in the area and serving outside the area", and actively guide communities to build eco-tourism villages, folk resorts, recreation centers and other unique service facilities according to the overall planning and layout, so as to disperse passenger flow and reduce the pressure on the environment. At the same time, the community surplus labor force is diverted to the tourism service industry, which not only solves the problem of local residents getting rid of poverty and getting rich, but also avoids the local residents' encroachment on the resources of the reserve (relying on mountains to eat mountains), improves the enthusiasm of local residents to protect the ecological environment, and realizes the goal of balanced development of ecology, society, economy and culture.

In a word, tourism in nature reserves is different from mass tourism. It must be an eco-tourism with the premise of protection, the purpose of publicizing natural ecology and educating the public, the purpose of raising public awareness of environmental protection, and the responsibility of promoting local economy and improving the cultural quality of local residents. The basic construction, propaganda means, tourist reception and service in eco-tourism should be strictly regulated.