Who knows the customs and basic situation of Tianjin?

geographical position

Tianjin is located in the lower reaches of the Haihe River, across the banks of the Haihe River. There are Haihe River, Ziya New River, Duliujian River, Yongding New River, Chaobai New River and Jiyun Canal that enter the sea. The city center is 50 kilometers away from the coast and 20 kilometers away from the capital Beijing/KLOC-0. It is the throat artery leading to Beijing by sea and the gateway to Beijing since ancient times. Tianjin is also a transportation hub connecting the three north, northeast and northwest. The straight-line distance from Tianjin to Shenyang in the northeast, Baotou in the northwest, Xuzhou in the south and Zhengzhou in the south is no more than 600 kilometers. Tianjin is also the traffic artery leading to the sea in more than a dozen northern provinces and cities. Tianjin Port, the largest artificial port in the north, has more than 30 sea routes leading to more than 300 international ports. It is the main channel from the other side of the Pacific Ocean to the inland of Europe and Asia, and the main outlet of the Eurasian Continental Bridge. Its geographical advantage is obvious and its strategic position is very important.

climate

Tianjin is located on the east coast of mid-latitude Eurasia, facing the Pacific Ocean, and the monsoon circulation has a significant impact. Winter is controlled by Mongolian cold high pressure and prevailing northerly wind. In summer, affected by the western Pacific subtropical high, it is mostly southerly. Tianjin's climate belongs to warm temperate and semi-humid continental monsoon climate, which has obvious characteristics of land-sea transition: four seasons are obvious and the length is different; There is not much precipitation and the distribution is uneven; The monsoon is remarkable and the sunshine is sufficient; Located in the coastal area, it is continental. The annual average temperature is 65438 02.3℃. It is hottest in July, and the average monthly temperature can reach 26℃. 1 is the coldest month with an average monthly temperature of -4℃. The annual average precipitation is 550 ~ 680mm, and the summer precipitation accounts for about 80% of the annual precipitation.

land

The mountainous soil in Jixian County in northern Tianjin is thin residual soil formed by rock weathering, and the rest areas are developed from Quaternary sediments, which has high fertility in agricultural production. The city has 6710.7 million hectares of agricultural land and 459,000 hectares of non-agricultural land. There are more than 120 square kilometers of wasteland to be developed in the coastal areas of the lower reaches of Haihe River.

mineral resources

More than 20 kinds of mineral resources with mining value have been discovered. There are many metals and nonmetals, such as manganese, manganese boron, gold, tungsten, molybdenum, copper, aluminum, zinc, limestone, marble, medical stone, barite and natural oilstone. Fuel mines mainly include oil and natural gas, which are buried underground in the plain and on the continental shelf of Bohai Sea.

water resource

Tianjin straddles the Haihe River, which is the largest river in the north of China. There are more than 300 tributaries whose upstream length exceeds 10 km, and they flow into the North Canal, Yongding River, Daqing River, Ziya River and South Canal near the middle reaches. Five rivers flow into the Haihe River at Sanchakou near Tianjin Jingang Bridge and enter the sea from Dagukou. The main stream is 72 kilometers long, with an average river width of 100 meter and a water depth of 3-5 meters. Historically, this river was navigable for 3000 tons of seagoing ships.

The Luanhe River Diversion Project is a large-scale water conservancy project built in Tianjin in 1980s, which draws water to Tianjin every year and delivers 654.38+0 billion cubic meters of water to Tianjin every year. Tianjin is rich in groundwater, karst fissure water in mountainous areas, with the best water quality and low salt content. The flow rate of spring water is generally 7.2- 14.6 tons/hour, and it can reach 720-800 tons/hour in rainy season. There are three large reservoirs in the city with a total storage capacity of 340 million.

Biological resources

Saline-alkali tolerant plants in coastal areas. Trees include Fraxinus mandshurica, Sophora japonica, Toona sinensis, willow, poplar and paulownia. In recent years, pear, jujube, apricot, peach, grape and apple have been developed. Reed, calamus, artificially planted water chestnut and lotus root grow in waterlogged depressions. The northern mountainous area is rich in Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis walnut, chestnut, red fruit and persimmon. There are a certain number of wild animals, most of which belong to the plain grassland type, such as wild goats, roe deer, hedgehogs, squirrels, birds and so on. There are about 30 species of freshwater fish in ponds and reservoirs on land, and the species with high yield are carp, green grass, silver carp and pike.

environmental aspect

At present, there are 20 environmental monitoring stations in the city, and the six major projects to create a national environmental protection model city are progressing smoothly. The quality of the atmospheric environment continued to improve, and the average value of inhalable particulate matter decreased by 3.6% over the previous year. The number of days when the air quality reached the second-class good level was 264 days, accounting for 72.3% of the total days of the year. There are 60 smoke control areas, covering an area of 557.3 square kilometers.

There are 6 ecological demonstration areas and 8 nature reserves in the city, covering an area of153,300 hectares. Jixian National Geopark, with the Middle-Upper Proterozoic Geological Nature Reserve in Jixian as the core, has been built.

Tourism resources There are many historical sites in Tianjin, with rich unearthed cultural relics, and there are 40 national and municipal key cultural relics protection units. Among them, Dule Temple is a large wooden temple built in Sui Dynasty, with a history of 1000 years. There is the Huangyaguan Great Wall in Jixian County, with a total length of 4 1 km. There are more than a thousand ancient platforms with different shapes, which are steep and majestic, and are known as the "northern thistle lock key". There is Panshan Mountain in Jixian County, which is known as "the first mountain in JD.COM". COM”。 The mountains are majestic and beautiful, and the architecture is integrated with the natural landscape. In addition, there are Tianhou Palace, Confucian Temple, Great Compassion Hall, Muslim Temple, Tianzun Pavilion, Tiancheng Temple, Dagukou Fort, Wanghailou Church, Guangdong Guild Hall and Zhou Enlai Youth Revolutionary Activities Memorial Hall.

Tianjin is characterized by the coexistence of ancient buildings and modern buildings, and is known as the "World Architecture Museum". Due to the early opening of the port and the concession of the Nine Kingdoms, featuring foreign small foreign buildings with different styles, more than 1000 buildings of various types in eastern and western countries were preserved from the end of the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century.

There are four famous folk arts in Tianjin. "Clay Fighter Zhang" color plastic art is famous all over the country and even the world. "Yangliuqing New Year Pictures" has a long history and is deeply loved by international friends. "Wei Ji Kite" won the gold medal of Panama International Expo 19 14. Brick carving for architectural decoration, represented by "Brick Carving Liu", makes Tianjin brick carving a unique folk architectural craft in China.

Population and administrative divisions

Demography At the end of 2005, the permanent population of the city was10.2 million, and the registered population was 9.5 million, including 3.85 million agricultural population and 5.65 million non-agricultural population. Distribution of Nationalities and Ethnic Groups There are 4 1 ethnic minorities in Tianjin with a total population of 220,000.

Administrative Division: Tianjin now governs 15 District: Heping, Hedong, Nankai, Hexi, Hebei, Hongqiao, Tanggu, Hangu, Dagang, Dongli, Xiqing, Jinnan, Beichen, wuqing district (Yangcun Town) and Baodi District (Chengguan Town); 3 counties: Jinghai County (Jinghai Town), Ninghe County (Lutai Town) and Jixian County (Chengguan Town).

Tsukiji

In 2005, the city's GDP reached 366.386 billion yuan, an increase of 14.5% over the previous year at comparable prices. The city's per capita GDP reached 35,457 yuan, about 4,328 US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 12.8%. The city's fiscal revenue exceeded 70 billion yuan, reaching 72.552 billion yuan.

Traffic railway

Tianjin Port Phase I 6,543,800+5,000-ton waterway and Beida breakwater project were completed. Tianjin Port has established business relations with more than 300 ports in more than 60 countries and regions in the world. Railway Tianjin Railway Hub is the intersection of Jingshan and beijing-shanghai railway trunk lines and the northern railway transportation hub of China. The road network density of Tianjin expressway ranks first in China. At present, there are eight expressway lines, namely Jinji, Jin Shun, Jingjintang, Jinbin, Jinhu, Jinjin, Jinbao and Jintang. Tianjin's highways extend in all directions. Six national highways, including Jingtang, Jingha, Jinyu, Jingfu, Jingzi and Jingtong, pass through Tianjin, connecting Tianjin with the three northeastern provinces, most of North China, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong and Fujian provinces. The urban road network consists of three loops, expressway and 14 rays.

General situation of administrative divisions

Heping District: It is the commercial center of Tianjin, including high-end shopping centers such as Jiefang North Road Financial Street, Jinjie Heping Road, Yin Jie binjiang road, Xiaobailou Foreign Business Circle, Nanjing Road Commercial Center, Anshan Road Telecom Equipment Street, Department Store, Quanyechang, Zhongyuan Commercial Center, Isetan, International Saite, Binjiang Commercial Center, and new commercial outlets such as Binjiang Jinyao Plaza and Wanda Commercial Plaza. Tourist attractions in this area include: Five Avenue, Garden Road Style Building Area, Central Cultural Square, Food Street, etc.

Hexi District: It is the central area of foreign business, sightseeing and accommodation in Tianjin. These include: Tianjin CBD, Friendship Road Foreign Hotel Service Area, Tianjin International Exhibition Center, as well as high-end office buildings and foreign-related star-rated hotels such as Gold Building, Asia Pacific Building, Bohai Central Plaza, Tianjin Hotel and Crystal Palace Hotel. The commercial outlets in this area include Friendship Commercial Building, Huaqi Department Store, Dagu Road, Hong Kong Style Street, Friendship Road Style Street, Bar Street, Le Jia Supermarket, Lianhua Supermarket and Dazhong Electric Appliances. Tourist attractions in this area include Tianta Lake amorous feelings area, natural museum, science and technology museum, Tianjin museum and so on.

Nankai District: It is the cultural center of Tianjin, with famous institutions of higher learning such as Tianjin University, Nankai University, Normal University and Institute of Technology, as well as cultural tourist attractions such as Guwen Street and Gulou Commercial Street, as well as water park, Changhong Park, Zhou Deng Memorial Hall and Guangdong Guild Hall. The commercial centers in this area include: Madong Road Commercial Street, Guang Hai Temple Commercial District, Nanma Road Hardware City, Clothing Street, etc. At the same time, the Olympic Sports Center, the venue of the 2008 Tianjin Olympic Games, is also located in this area.

Hedong District: This area is the contact zone between the central city and Binhai New Area, with developed internal and external traffic. Among them, there are many expressway and light rail lines leading to Tanggu District, Bonded Zone and Development Zone. Yijing Road is a prosperous commercial center in this area, including: PICC Building, Bandung Building, Tianxing Riverside Plaza, Medicine Commercial Building and other commercial office buildings and shopping centers.

Hebei District: Zhongshan Road in this district is a century-old cultural and commercial district. At the same time, there are also tourist attractions such as Wanghailou, Great Tragedy Hospital and Beining Park. Tianjin Railway Station, located in this area, is the largest transportation hub leading to all parts of the country.

Hongqiao District: There are commercial districts with a commercial history of nearly 100 years, such as Juyi Street, Dahutong Street and Hebei Street, as well as new commercial outlets such as Gloria Shopping Mall, Dahutong Commercial Center, Tianyi Commercial Building, Metro Supermarket and Le Jia Xiqing Road Supermarket. The tourist attractions in this area include Xigu Park and Lv Zu Memorial Hall.

Tanggu District, Hangu District and Dagang District: Tianjin is a new coastal city and the biggest economic growth point. Among them, Tianjin Development Zone and Bonded Zone, Tianjin Port, the largest artificial port in China, Dagang Oilfield and Bohai Petrochemical Group, which rank first in China, are all located in this new area. Commercial outlets in the new area include: Tanggu foreign goods market, Jiefang Road Commercial Pedestrian Street, Hangu Golden Elephant Shopping Mall, etc. Tourist attractions include: Beitang Fishing Village, Bohai Children's World, Dagukou Fort, century avenue and so on.

Jinnan, Dongli, Xiqing, Beichen, Wuqing and Baodi are satellite cities around the city, among which the tourist attractions include Dongli Lake Resort, Yangliuqing Shi Jia Courtyard, Forest Park, Yangcun Small World and Little Swan Resort. There are also Xiqing Development Zone, Wuqing Yixian Garden and Dasi Industrial Zone as emerging economic growth points.