How to analyze the composition of eco-tourism environment

The term "eco-tourism" was first put forward by H. Ceballos Lascurain, the special adviser on eco-tourism of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), in 1983. Its meaning not only refers to all trips to see natural scenery, but also emphasizes that the scenery to be seen cannot be lost.

The Environment Department of the World Bank and the Ecotourism Society define ecotourism as "going to natural areas purposefully to learn about the culture and natural history of the environment, which will not destroy nature, and will enable local communities to gain economic benefits from the protection of natural resources."

Ecotourism development policy

2. 1 Economic policy

In order to maintain the beautiful landscape and rural characteristics and realize the sustainable development of eco-tourism, we should not introduce some industrial sectors that are destructive to environmental resources, even if the economic benefits are high. For the primary production department of agricultural ecosystem and the development department of wild zoo, although its short-term economic benefit is not high, its development is conducive to improving the diversity of landscape ecology and enhancing the local pastoral characteristics. In the long run, it can attract more ecological tourists. These industrial sectors should be the focus of local governments' support for development.

2.2 Technology policy

The purpose of eco-tourists arriving at tourist attractions is to appreciate the pure nature. In today's era when high-tech and products can be seen everywhere, the more applicable technologies with local characteristics, the more attractive they are. According to the laws of nature, the production technology with strong rural characteristics makes tourists from modern cities linger. Therefore, some non-governmental technical and production departments, although not high in technical content, are worth preserving. A technical system that combines ancient technology and modern technology will be an attractive landscape if it is well preserved, but these technologies must be harmless to the environment.

2.3 Environmental policy

Eco-tourism is to develop tourism in an environmentally friendly way, aiming at promoting regional development without damaging the environment. In order to prevent environmental pollution and degradation caused by tourism activities, it is necessary to understand its potential environmental impact when making eco-tourism development plans. The main environmental impacts include: ① the pollution of sewage to local fresh water or seawater; ② Soil erosion caused by improper land use; ③ Acid rain and global warming caused by gas emissions from transportation, air conditioning and heating systems; ④ The aesthetic value of artificial environment and the loss of wildlife environment caused by urbanization and road construction; ⑤ Overexploitation or/and pollution lead to the reduction or destruction of biodiversity. Therefore, for every project built in the eco-tourism area, environmental impact assessment should be carried out, and projects that do not meet environmental protection standards should be resolutely banned. For projects under construction or operation, "environmental tax" or "pollution-free bonus" should be levied according to relevant national or local environmental laws and regulations to minimize environmental impact [4].

2.4 Social policy

Eco-tourism should not only benefit contemporary tourists and local residents, but also let future tourists and residents continue to share the benefits brought by tourism, that is, share the value of tourism landscape resources fairly between generations. The target beneficiaries of ecotourism are not specific tourists, residents, individuals or groups, but all individuals or groups with various connections with tourism landscape resources. The gain of interests should not be at the expense of others' interests, that is, intra-generational fairness. The social activities of tourists and residents must be coordinated with the structure, function and value of tourism landscape. At the same time, the development of tourism activities must be based on the premise of not damaging the social and cultural values and living habits of local residents.