9 pictures to help you understand the Qin Dynasty

9 pictures to help you understand the Qin Dynasty

1. Overview of the Qin Dynasty

The achievements of the Thai Dynasty: unified writing, etc.

Qin Dynasty system: centralization.

Architecture of the imperial dynasty: the Great Wall, etc.

Zi Ming Incident:

The establishment of the Qin Dynasty: 221 BC - 207 BC.

Burning books and entrapping Confucians: It lasted for 15 years, and the historical capital is now Xianyang, Shaanxi.

Peasant Uprising: Three generations of succession to the throne, founded by Qin Shihuang.

Famous figures: Qin Shi Huang, Meng Tian, ??Wang Jian, Tu Sui.

2. Overview of the Qin Dynasty

The Qin State was established in 770 BC - Qin Xianggong. In the 9th century BC, Feizi, the patriarch of the Ying family, was granted the title of King Xiao of Zhou because he was good at raising horses. As a vassal, he was given the land of Qin in the Longxi area of ??Gansu Province. From then on, Feizi led his tribe to become a new tribe. Later, in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the Qin people served King Ping of Zhou when he moved east to Luoyang. The Qin tribe leader Qin Dugong He was officially named a prince and granted the land from Qishan to Fengshui in Shaanxi Province. The Qin State was thus established, marking the beginning of the ups and downs of the Qin Dynasty.

In 659 BC, Duke Mugong of Qin defeated Xirong. When the Qin State first obtained the fiefdom, the western fiefdom was actually still under the control of the nomadic Xirong. Thailand and Xirong launched a century-long tug-of-war. Finally, after the eighth generation monarch of the Qin Kingdom, Taiji Gong, succeeded to the throne, he knew people well and was responsible for his duties. With the assistance of Baili Xi, Wan Shu and others, Thailand defeated Xirong and won the battle of Taijin to expand its territory.

During the chaotic period of the Qin State, Taimu Gong brought Taihui to the first height. However, Thailand’s rise was not smooth sailing. Within three hundred years of the death of Taijia Gong, the Qin State fell into chaos. After four generations of government, including Li Gong, Cao Gong, Jian Gong, and Chuzi, the Qin State's economy was in decline, agriculture was decentralized, official governance was chaotic, and private fights were rampant. The Qin State was struggling to implement the first political reform in the Warring States Period. The rising Wei State seized the land west of Hexi from itself, which also contributed to Thailand's subsequent reforms.

3. Overview of the Qin Dynasty

Shang Yang’s Reform in 362 BC - Qin Xiaogong. After Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, in order to change the chaotic situation of the Qin State, he issued an order to recruit talents. It was also at that time that Shang Yang entered the Qin Dynasty with the "Book of Laws" and initiated Shang Yang's reform. The core of the reform was to emphasize the rule of law and focus on the development of agriculture and military. The regulations are as follows:

Nobility reform: titles are divided into At level 20, military merit is the only basis for rewards and punishments. It is no longer exclusive to the clan. A fair system is implemented, which greatly improves the Qin army's combat capabilities.

Land reform: The famous land system was introduced. Farmers can obtain varying amounts of land according to their titles. The land can be inherited, reclaimed, and transferred, which greatly increases the enthusiasm of farmers.

Taxation reform: The implementation of the household registration tax stipulated that except for one son of a family, the remaining children must be separated after marriage, giving birth to a family of five, which became the basic model of Chinese families.

County system: Shang Yang advocated the change from the feudal system to the county system, and concentrated the originally scattered villages and towns into counties. There were 31 counties in the country, so that the governance power was concentrated in the central government. Shang Yang introduced a series of reforms , which laid a solid foundation for the rise of Qin during the Warring States Period.

In 247 BC, Yingzheng succeeded to the throne - Qin Shihuang. The thirteen-year-old Yingzheng officially succeeded to the throne in 247 BC. However, because Yingzheng was still very young at that time, the main power of the Qin State was left to the prime minister. Lu Buwei controlled it until 238 AD, when Yingzheng officially took charge at the age of 22. He put down the marriage scandal, drove away Lu Buwei, and after taking over the power, he reused Li Si, Wang Jian and others, and started the great cause of the unification of Qin.

4. Overview of the Qin Dynasty

In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six countries and established the Qin Dynasty. After 7 years of preparation for winning the government, starting from 230 BC, the Qin Dynasty began Unifying the pace, the General Secretary spent ten years and successively destroyed the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, and Qi. In 221 BC, Yingzheng officially proclaimed himself emperor, known as "Qin Shihuang" in history, and established China. The first unified feudal dynasty in history ended the five hundred years of division and separatism among princes since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and laid the foundation for subsequent dynasties.

In 218 BC, he conquered Baiyue in the south and attacked the Xiongnu in the north. After the unification of the Qin State, the south and north were often harassed by the Yue people and the Xiongnu in Lingnan. Therefore, in 218 BC, Qin Shi Huang sent Ju Sui to lead An army of 500,000 people conquered the Yue people. Later, in 215 BC, Meng Tian was sent to lead an army of 300,000 people to drive the Huns back to the north.

The burning of books and the entrapment of Confucians in 213 BC laid hidden dangers. The burning of books and the entrapment of Confucianism were actually two different things. In 213 BC, because Confucian representatives opposed the system of prefectures and counties and proposed the restoration of the feudal system, Li Si, the remaining minister, strongly opposed it and felt that they were old-fashioned, so he suggested that Qin Shihuang "burn books" and remove all history books from various countries except "Qin Ji".

Including "Poems" and "Books" were all destroyed. In the next year, 212 BC, because Qin Shihuang wanted to live forever, he asked two alchemists to make elixirs. However, in the end the alchemists knew that they could not succeed, so they fled early and spread rumors on the way. The first emperor of Qin was furious. Next, all the relevant people involved will be harmed. Here Confucianism does not refer to Confucianism, but to those intellectuals.

5. Overview of the Qin Dynasty

In 210 BC, Yingzheng passed away and Hu Hai succeeded to the throne. Unfortunately, during Qin Shi Huang’s fifth tour, he died of illness in a sand dune at the age of 49. Before his death, he wrote a letter to his eldest son Fusu asking him to return to Xianyang as soon as possible to bury his heir to the throne. However, the letter was finally withheld by the accompanying minister Zhao Gao. Zhao Gao was once the teacher of Qin Shihuang's other son Hu Hai, so he helped Li Si to tamper with the imperial edict and establish Hu Hai. He became the emperor and granted death to Fusu and General Mengtian. Hu Hai returned to Xianyang and succeeded to the throne, becoming the second emperor of Qin.

In 209 BC, Chen Sheng defeated Wu Guang, and the peasants revolted. During the reign of Qin Shihuang, large-scale construction projects were carried out, which caused a huge burden on the peasants. One day in 209 BC, 900 people led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang decided to revolt and overthrow the Qin state because heavy rain delayed the progress of the project. According to Qin law, they should be executed for delaying the project. The first peasant uprising ultimately failed.

In 206 BC, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu pushed the Qin Dynasty. After Chen defeated Wu Guang, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu took over the anti-Qin banner. They divided their troops into two groups. Xiang Yu detoured to Hebei to win the Battle of Juzu, while Liu Bang Taking the capital Xianyang directly, Zhao Gao forced Hu Hai to step down and established Ziying as emperor. After Ziying succeeded to the throne, he got rid of Zhao Gao's control and finally fought with Liu Bang in Lantian (today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). The Qin army was defeated. In AD In 206 BC, Liu Bang invaded Xianyang, ending the Qin Dynasty's short 15-year rule.

6. Achievements of the Qin Dynasty

Unification of weights and measures: The picture on the left is the weights and measures made by Shang Yang of the Qin State during the Warring States Period - Shang Yangsheng, with a total length of 18.7 cm, a height of 7 cm, and a width of 12.5 centimeters, 2.3 centimeters deep, and 202.15 cubic centimeters in volume (sixteen and one-fifth of an inch). After the unification of Qin Shihuang, this standard continued to be used. Now in the collection of the Shanghai Museum

Unified script: The picture on the left is a small seal font. During the Warring States Period, each country had its own script. After the unification, Qin Shihuang introduced a new script with neat circles and simple strokes in the Thai font, which is called "Qin Zhuan", also known as "Xiao Zhuan", was the official script. At that time, there was also a more simplified "official script" as a daily script.

Unified currency: The picture on the left is the currency of the Qin Dynasty. After the unification, Qin Shihuang abolished the currencies of various countries and implemented gold as the top currency, cats (twenty taels) as the unit, and copper coins The unification of currencies promoted the commercial development of the Qin Dynasty and even after the Qin Dynasty.

7. Achievements of the Qin Dynasty

Centralized system:

The Qin Dynasty established the system of three gongs and nine ministers in the central government. The specific positions are as shown in the figure below. They were all appointed by the emperor, instead of the previous hereditary system of responsible clans. In terms of local management, the enfeoffment system of the Zhou Dynasty was abolished and replaced by the system of prefectures and counties. In the Qin Dynasty, thirty-six counties were established, each with The county has a county governor, a county lieutenant, and a county supervisor. There are counties below the county, and townships, li, and pavilions below the county. This system marks the replacement of the aristocratic blood system by the palace staff system.

The emperor is divided into Taiwei (responsible for military affairs), Prime Minister (responsible for administration), Yushi Dafu (responsible for supervision); further down, he is divided into Fengchang, Lang Zhongling, Weiwei, Taipu, Yan Wei, Dianke, Zongzheng, Zhili Neishi, second lieutenant.

8. Achievements of the Qin Dynasty

The Great Wall: The construction of the Great Wall can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty. Later, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Qin, Zhao and Yan in the north all built it to resist the Xiongnu. The Great Wall, after the unification of China by Emperor Taishi, built the Great Wall from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, stretching for more than 5,000 kilometers and known as the Great Wall in history.

Qin Zhidao: After the unification of the Qin Dynasty, in order to attack and defend the Xiongnu and facilitate transportation, Qin Shihuang ordered General Meng Tian to lead hundreds of thousands of soldiers and people to build a 700-kilometer-long road starting from the capital Xianyang and heading north to Inner Mongolia. Straight. Later, various roads were built leading to various places, forming the transportation network of the Qin Dynasty.

Efang Palace: Epang Palace, the Great Wall, Qin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum, and Qin Zhidao are known as Qin Shi Huang’s four major projects. They are rated as the largest palace foundation site in the world by the United Nations. The site is located in today’s Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province , Du Mu once wrote "A Fang Palace Fu", describing the location as "Lishan is built in the north and turns west, going straight to Xianyang".

9. Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin

The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin is located in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is the mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin. There are various palaces and precious national treasures in the mausoleum, and there are a large number of burials around the mausoleum. pits and tombs, including the Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit among the "eighth wonders of the world". The majesty of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum embodies the wisdom and sweat of the ancient people.