Asia is the deepest lake in the world.

The Russian name of Lake Baikal: "о? зеро Байка? л? ",? The English translation is "Baikal", which is the largest and deepest freshwater lake in the world. "Lake Baikal" is a transliteration of the English word "baykal", which is called "baukaji" in Russian. Derived from Mongolian, it comes from "saii" and "kyji", which means "rich lake", so it is named because the lake is rich in many kinds of fish. According to the Buryatian legend, Lake Baikal is called "Baikal Dalai", which means "the sea of nature".

brief introduction

Lake Baikal is a bright pearl placed by nature in the Irkutsk region of southeastern Russia. Lake Baikal is the largest freshwater lake in Eurasia. It is 640 kilometers long and 50 kilometers wide on average. It is the seventh largest lake in the world and the deepest lake in the world. It contains one-fifth of all the fresh water of the earth (it should refer to the fresh water of rivers and lakes). It is equivalent to the total water volume of the Great Lakes in North America. (Data of China Digital Library: the deepest point is1.637m, and the other two data are1.620m and1.640m respectively, with a volume of 23,000m3). The lake is a treasure house with beautiful scenery, peculiar landscape and rich species. Lake Baikal is shaped like a crescent moon, so it is also called "Moon Lake". Its average width is about 48 kilometers, its length from north to south is about 636 kilometers, its circumference is 2000 kilometers, and its total area is about 3 15000 square kilometers. In terms of area, Lake Baikal is only the ninth in the world, but it is one of the oldest lakes in the world (it has stood the test of 25 million years).

The maximum depth of Lake Baikal is1640m. If the four tallest buildings in the world are stacked one by one in the deepest part of the lake, and the TV antenna mast on the fourth roof is still 58 meters below the lake, the lake is very clear.

Lake Baikal is said to have arisen because the Asian crust slowly pulled apart along a fault and a trench appeared. At first, the ditch was eight kilometers deep, but with the passage of time, it was gradually filled with silt, and the microbial fossils in the silt can show its formation age. There are hot springs at the bottom of the lake, and small earthquakes often occur. There are 336 rivers flowing into Lake Baikal, but only one river-angara River flows out of the lake. In winter, the icing depth of the lake is 1 m, which lasts for 4-5 months. However, the temperature in the depth of the lake remains unchanged, about 3.5 degrees Celsius.

The width of the outlet of Lake Baikal is about 1000 meters. The boulder standing in the center of the lake outlet is called "Schemansky". When the river overflows, this magical boulder will look like it is rolling. The streams around the lake are scattered and surrounded by mountains. There are few impurities in the lake, which is extremely clear. It is said that the lake is clear because there are frequent earthquakes at the bottom of Lake Baikal, and the chemicals produced by the earthquakes precipitate at the bottom of the lake, making the lake clear, so Lake Baikal is always crystal clear. The transparency of the lake is as deep as 40.5 meters, so it is known as "the bright eye of Siberia". With abundant sunshine and more than 300 hot springs, Lake Baikal has become the largest health resort in eastern Russia.

There are all kinds of plants and animals in Lake Baikal, and about 1800 species (another data: more than 1200 species) live in the lake, three quarters of which are endemic to Lake Baikal and cannot be found in other parts of the world, thus forming its unique biological population, such as various mollusks, sponges and seals. There are about 50 species of fish in Lake Baikal, belonging to 7 families, with 25 species of Dolphinidae being the most. There are also many salmon, fried fish, herring white fish and sturgeon. The most noteworthy is a special fish from Lake Baikal, called viviparous shellfish. In addition, there are two completely transparent bell fish. There are 255 species of shrimp in the lake, including some that are almost white. There are more than 320 kinds of birds and different kinds of invertebrates in this area.

The only freshwater seal in the world lives in Lake Baikal. In winter, seals bite holes in the ice to breathe. Because seals usually live in seawater, it was once thought that Lake Baikal was connected to the Atlantic Ocean through an underground tunnel. In fact, seals may have come to Lake Baikal against the river during the last ice age.

On both sides of Lake Baikal are mountains covered with coniferous forests. There are more than 600 kinds of grassland vegetation in mountainous areas, including poplar, fir and deciduous trees, Siberian pine and birch, of which 3/4 are endemic to Lake Baikal. The west bank of Lake Baikal is a continuous mountain, covered with coniferous forests and with many cliffs. Most of the east coast is plain. Due to the climate difference between the two sides of the strait, the natural landscape is very different.

Looking at the lake view in the forest near Lake Baikal, you will see many ribbons and strips fluttering on the branches of the forest, which are tied by tourists to express their desire to come here again in the future. Indeed, this dark blue lake is a very attractive tourist attraction. Tourists from all directions regard Lake Baikal as a "holy sea".

There are about 40 towns near Lake Baikal. In the past, residents here could drink clear and pure lake water, but today, the lake water has been polluted by industry. Even so, the lake looks clear. In May, the ice and snow melted, and objects 40 meters underwater could be seen clearly: it is rare for other lakes to see through 20 meters of water.

The land around Lake Baikal freezes earlier than the lake. Since October, the cliffs are covered with silver, and forests such as larch, spruce and Siberian fir are also covered with snow and ice. From a distance, you can only see a silver world that glows slightly. Before 1 month, most lakes were frozen, and the ice thickness in some places reached 1.5 meters. Local people drive cars and trucks to dig holes in the ice and fish. The frozen ice layer in calm is as transparent as glass, and fish can be seen swimming under the ice. But most of them are undulating chunks of ice floes. Ice cubes often burst and make a sound like a gun.

In August, the lake gets warmer and the ice melts, so people can swim comfortably in the lake. The weather on the lake is unpredictable, and dangers lurk all year round. Dense fog in summer may force the ship to stop suddenly. Even on a calm day, there may be big winds and waves rolling in at any time. According to local legends, Lake Baikal is the kingdom of the goddess.

The moral of "Lake Baikal"

There are three different answers in the three books: (1) The explanation of the Map Edition of World Cultural and Natural Heritage Site Photos is "Fugui Lake"; The Color Map Edition of World Cultural and Natural Heritage is described as follows: The local Buryats call it "Lake Baikal-Daley", which means "the sea of nature"; But the text in Wonders of the World is: The name "Lake Baikal" is said to have been named by the Kulikan people who lived here about 1300 years ago, which means "a lot of water".

1995 SIMI engineering technology company in Milan, Italy provides complete sets of equipment to the "Baikal Water" joint-stock company in Irkutsk, which can produce 20 million plastic bottles and bottling equipment per kloc-0/0.5 liter per year. The equipment was put into production at the beginning of 1996. The enterprise will take water directly from the depth of 420 meters in Lake Baikal and leave the factory after bacterial inspection in the laboratory. It can be preserved for one year without preservatives. The rich Lake Baikal, Russia's "Siberian Pearl", will go to the world after 2000, and people will wait and see.