Tourist route 4: The tourist route to climb Ji Junfeng.

From ancient times to the present, it is a beautiful talk for tourists to visit Songshan Mountain and climb to the top. Ding Song, namely Ji Junfeng, is the main peak of Taishi Mountain, with an altitude of1492m. The mountain is composed of quartzite of Luohandong Formation of Songshan Group in Paleoproterozoic, with steep cliffs on the south slope. The gentle slope zone in front of the mountain is composed of Shi Ying amphibole gneiss in the Neoarchean data, which is easy to be weathered, and the contact boundary is where the slope changes from gentle to steep.

There were four routes to reach the top of the Song Dynasty in ancient times: during the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was mostly from Xiaoyao Valley through Wild Boar Slope, and Ouyang Xiu took this road when climbing dangerous peaks; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty climbed Songshan Mountain from Qimi Stone to the east side of Viva Peak. Emperor Qianlong went to Songshan by the route of Zhongyue Temple and Qinggangping. Xu Xiake, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, went north from Laojun Cave, passed through Zhou Shi, the first heaven, the alchemist temple and reached the summit in the 18th century. Comparatively speaking, Xu Xiake's route is relatively short, so this is our tourist route.

The tourist route starts from Songyang Academy, passes through Laojun Cave to Jijunfeng, reaches the summit and returns along the West Five Pagodas, ending at Datasi. You can also go back the way you came. Songyang Academy is 450m above sea level, Laojun Cave is 700m above sea level, and the road can reach Laojun Cave, and it is about 800m on foot. When Xu Xiake climbed the mountain, he was afraid that "his eyes didn't blink and his feet couldn't rest". Now there are ladders and guardrails all the way. As long as you relax your nerves and breathe well, most people can go back and forth smoothly.

Songyang Academy is an ancient institution of higher learning in China, where Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Sima Guang and Fan Zhongyan all taught. Part of Sima Guang's Zi Tong Zhi Jian was written in Songyang Academy. The Han Dynasty general Bai in the courtyard and the "Datang Songyang Guanluo Shengde Induction Monument" outside the door are two treasures of Songyang Academy. Songyang Academy and Laojun Cave are built on Neoarchean dacite gneiss, and there are fresh outcrops along ravines and highways to observe gneiss. Laojun Cave, also known as the Old Mother Cave, was built by Pan, a famous female Taoist in the Tang Dynasty, with its back against dangerous peaks and facing Xiaoyao Valley.

Near the "Stone Boat" behind Laojundong is the unconformity interface between Luohandong Formation of Songshan Group and Neoarchean gneiss, which is the most ideal place to visit Songyang Movement in Songshan area. The interface and the rocks above and below it are very clear, revealing the "unprecedented" crustal movement that occurred in Songshan 2.5 billion years ago with indisputable facts.

The mountain started at Ji Jun Palace and suddenly became steep. Climb the stairs along the steep slope, sometimes turn into the valley, sometimes bypass the mountain ridge, hover and twist, pass through the palace, Erxian Cave and Baiheguan, and reach Jijunfeng. Ji Junfeng got its name from the meaning of "Gao Song Yue Wei, the third runner-up". Because Emperor Qianlong wrote a poem and set up a monument here, it is also called "Yubei Peak". The peak is open and bright, standing on the peak and overlooking, the Yellow River is like a line, the mountain is like a shadow, the clouds are lingering, the peaks are continuous, the rivers and mountains are magnificent and the weather is myriad. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended Songshan Mountain, there were "Ascending to Sendai", "Long Live Pavilion" and "Eight Immortals Altar" on the top of Taishi Mountain. When Wu Zetian closed her menstruation, she built a "Dengfeng altar" and set up a "monument for the treatment of Zhong Shusheng in Zhou Dynasty". Emperor Qianlong has "Imperial Poetry Monument". The golden bamboo slips left by Wu Zetian beside the Dengfeng altar in 700 AD were discovered by Qu Xihuai, a farmer in Tangzhuang, in 1982, and became a rare treasure (the existing exhibits of Songyang Academy are replicas, and the original is kept in Zhengzhou Henan Provincial Museum). It is not known whether the emperors left any treasures in Songshan. Visitors may wish to pay attention, and there may be new discoveries.

Song Yue Temple Tower under Ji Junfeng is the oldest existing brick tower in China. This pagoda is made of glutinous rice juice mixed with yellow mud. After nearly 1500 years of wind, rain and earthquake, it is not brittle or inclined so far, and it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. The nearby Fawang Temple is the earliest temple in Songshan Mountain. Its tower is arched and covered with pine and cypress trees. Known as "the first scene of Songshan".

About 2 million years ago, a mountain glacier occurred in Songshan, which was in the glacier movement area. Standing in Fawang Temple and Song Yue Temple, surrounded by high mountains, the glacier landforms such as tinder, blade ridge, ice bucket and glacial valley are clearly visible. The study of Quaternary glaciers in Songshan Mountain has just begun. Interested tourists, especially geologists, may wish to observe carefully, and may make new discoveries.